He rilru chhunga hmun mak tak (the mediastinum) chungchang hi eng nge i hriat? Chipchiar takin sawi ila!

I thinlung leh thisen kalna kawng lian ber berte chu engtin nge i rilru chhungah him leh hrisel taka an awm tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Mediastinum hi hmun pawimawh tak a ni a, a him theih nan a pui a, in ang mai a ni. A awlsam zawngin kan rilru chhungril, lung pahnih inkar hmun pawimawh tak a ni. Hemi chungchang hi vawiinah hian chipchiar deuhin han sawi ila.

Mediastinum chu eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin i mediastinum chu i rilru chhunga hmun awm chu a ni. I thinlung leh thil pawimawh dang engemaw zat a keng tel a ni. I rilru chhungril, a nih loh leh i thoracic cavity hi hmunpui pathum atanga siam a ni. A dang pahnih chu i lung veilam awmna veilam pleural cavity leh i lung dinglam awmna dinglam pleural cavity te an ni. Chu pleural cavities pahnih inkar space chu mediastinum kan tih chu a ni. Hmun pawimawh tak a ni a, a ni lawm ni?

Mediastinum chhunga structure awmte chu engte nge ni?

I mediastinum chhungah hian structure hrang hrang a awm a, chung zingah chuan organ leh thisen kalna kawng te pawh a tel. Eng nge an nih i han thlir teh ang.

Mediastinum chhunga taksa peng hrang hrangte:

• Esophagus : Ei ei lai hian chaw chu i kawr atanga i pum thlengin esophagus, a nih loh leh kan sawi angin food pipe hmangin a kal a. He mediastinum hmang hian a kal bawk.
• Thinlung : Kan taksa pum puia thisen pump chhuak thin thinlung hi he mediastinum lai takah hian a awm a. Thinlung chhehvelah hian venhimna bawm ang maia khuh a awm tih i hria em, chu chu pericardium an ti a ni ?
• Thymus: Hei hi kan taksa chakna (immune system) puitu gland a ni. Kan naupan lai, chu chu puitlin hmain a thawk nasa ber a ni. Mediastinum chunglam, hmalam lamah a awm a.
• Trachea : Thlawhna kawng, a nih loh leh thawkna kawng min puitu chu chaw kawng hmaah chiah a awm a. A kawng bul atanga a rilruah a tlan lut a, chutah chuan pahnih ah a inthen a, lung sir lehlamah a kal a ni.

Mediastinum-a thisen kalna kawng: 1.1.

• Left brachiocephalic vein : He vein hian kan taksa chunglam veilam atanga thisen chu thinlungah a rawn hruai kir leh thin. Vein lian tak, superior vena cava an tih nen direct-in a inzawm a ni.
• Vena cava sang zawk: 1.1.Hei hi taksa chunglam atanga thinlung thlenga thisen phurtu vein lian tak a ni. Atrium dinglam, thinlung dinglam chamber chunglam nen direct-in a inzawm a ni.
• Pulmonary trunk: He thisen kalna hi thinlung ventricle dinglam nen pulmonary valve an tih hmunah a inzawm a. Thinlung atanga a chhuah hnuah chuan dinglam leh veilam pulmonary arteries-ah a inthen a, thisen chu lungah a phur a, oxygen a dawng a ni.
• Thoracic aorta : Kan taksaa thisen kalna kawng lian ber chu aorta a ni . Taksa peng leh tissue zawng zawnga oxygenated thisen phurtu a ni. Aortic valve-a thinlung veilam ventricle nen a inzawm a ni. Chuta tang chuan rilru leh pum chhungah a kal kual a. Chest kal tlanga kalna hmun, thoracic aorta chu mediastinum-ah a awm a. Tin, a then a nei bawk a, entirnan, ascending aorta, aortic arch leh descending thoracic aorta te.

Mediastinum chhunga structure dangte chu:

Heng thil pawimawh tak takte bakah hian he space-ah hian thil dang a awm a:

• Fatty leh connective tissue te a awm
• Lymph nodes a awm thin
• Nerves a awm
• Thoracic duct a ni
• Thoracic spine (rilru ruhro hmun thenkhat, rilru nena inzawm) .

Mediastinum hian eng hna nge a thawh?

Okay, chuti a nih chuan he mediastinum hi engtin nge a awm? Hei hi eng nge a awmzia?

• Thinlung leh thisen kalna lian tak takte chenna in ang maiin: Thinlung nena inzawm tlat leh thisen luh leh chhuahtirtu thisen kalna kawng lian tak takte tan hmun him, nghet tak angin a thawk a, chubakah thinlung tan pawh a thawk bawk.
• Venhimna a pe: Thymus hian taksa peng pawimawh tak tak, thinlung a venghim a ni. Mediastinum-a thau tissue leh connective tissue te hian heng taksa peng hrang hrangte vel hi cushion angin hna an thawk a ni. Chu bâkah, kan rilru hma lama awm sternum, a nih loh leh ‘ middle chest bone’ hian he hmun pawimawh tak hi a humhim belh leh a ni.
• Kalkawng angin hna a thawk: Rel station pawimawh tak angin ngaihtuah rawh . Mediastinum hian thil (ei leh in ang chi) te chu kawr leh rilru inkarah, leh rilru leh pum inkar ah te kal leh haw theihna kawngkhar angin hna a thawk a ni. Entirnan, chaw kawng (esophagus) hian he mediastinum kaltlangin ei leh in chu kawr atanga pum thlengin a phur a.

Khawiah nge mediastinum hi a awm?

Tunah chuan mediastinum awmna hmun dik tak i hre tawh ang. A rilru lai takah, lung pahnih inkarah a awm.Latin tawng "mediastinum" tih awmzia chu "midway" tihna a ni. A ramri chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Superior border: Kawng bul tanna hmun, chu chu kawng bul a ni.
• Inferior border: A rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah em em bawk a. Hei hi chest cavity leh abdominal cavity thliar hrangtu muscle lian tak a ni.
• Anterior border: Sternum, a nih loh leh rilru ruh lai tak.
• Hnung lam ramri: ruhro.
• Lateral borders: Lung veilam leh dinglam hualtu pleural sacs te.

Mediastinum chhunga thil awmte chu engte nge ni?

Tunah chuan he mediastinum-a thil awmte hi eng nge ni tih han en ila. Hmun hrang hrangah a inthen a. Doctor-te chuan hengte hi ‘compartment’ an ti a. Hengte hi chi hrang hranga thliar hran theih a ni. I hriat reng tur ber chu mediastinum hi compartment pathum emaw pali emaw ah then theih a ni. Tin, chu hmingte chuan chu rilru peng hrang hrangte awmna hmun a kawk bawk.

Traditional-a hmun li-a awm dan

He kalphung hlui, hmanlai ang hian mediastinum hi hmun li-ah then a ni a:

• Superior mediastinum: A chung ber a ni. Thinlung aia chungnung zawk.
• Anterior mediastinum: Thinlung hmalam hmun. Thinlung leh sternum inkar.
• Middle mediastinum: Thinlung awmna hmun.
• Posterior mediastinum: Thinlung hnung lama awm.

He classification hi X-ray images atanga lak a ni. Chuvangin thinlung chu dimension hnih (2D)-in a en a ni.

ITMIG hi hmun thum a\anga thliar hran a ni

International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) chuan he system thar hi a ṭhen thum awmna hi a rawn siam chhuak a ni. Cross-sectional imaging (CT scans) hmanga siam niin, thinlung hi three-dimensional (3D) view a ni. He system ang hian mediastinum hi hmun thumah then a ni a, chungte chu: 1. Prevascular compartment: Hei hi thinlung hmaah, thinlung leh hnute ruh inkarah a awm a. A chhungah hian:

• Thau
• Brachiocephalic vein veilam atanga lo chhuak a ni
• Lymph nodes a awm thin
• Thymus a ni

2. Visceral compartment: Hei hi a lai lam, thinlung awmna hmun a ni. A chhunga thil awm chu:

• Esophagus (a then) 1.1.
• Thinlung
• Lymph nodes a awm thin
• Pulmonary trunk a ni
• Superior vena cava a ni
• Thoracic aorta chu a awm a
• Thoracic duct a ni
• Trachea (a then) 1.1.

3. Paravertebral awmna hmun: 1.1 .Hei hi thinlung hnung lamah, thinlung leh ruhro inkar ah a awm a. A chhungah hian:

• Paravertebral tissue nem tak tak te
• Thoracic spine a ni

Mediastinum hi flat space a ni lo va, three-dimensional (3D) space a ni tih hre reng ang che. Box te tak te chhunga diorama i siam ang mai a ni. A chhunga thil awmte hi kan taksa hnathawh dan tur dik taka a thawh theih nan felfai taka ruahman a ni. Mahse, natna thenkhat chuan mediastinum chhunga taksa peng leh tissue te a nghawng thei a, he balance nalh tak hi a tibuai thei a ni.

Mediastinum tichhe thei dinhmun tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

Thil awmdan hrang hrang hian mediastinum chhunga taksa peng leh taksa peng hrang hrangte a nghawng thei a ni. Ṭhenkhat chu mediastinum aṭanga ṭan a ni a, chu chu primary tumor emaw fluid-filled cyst emaw a ni. Hun dangah chuan natna, cancer ang chi hi taksa hmun dang a\angin mediastinum-ah a darh thei a ni. Taksa pumpui tichhe thei systemic infection hian mediastinum a nghawng thei bawk. Mediastinum tichhe thei dinhmun thenkhat chu:

• Aortic dissection tih a ni
• Cardiac tamponade a ni
• Chaw ei kawng cancer a ni
• Goiter a ni
• Lung natna
• Lymphoma ( thisen zam natna cancer) .
• Mediastinal tumor a awm thin
• Mediastinitis ( mediastinum a hring emaw a natna emaw) .
• Myasthenia gravis (thau chak lohna natna) .
• Thoracic aortic aneurysm (aorta chhunga thoracic portion bulging) .

Heng dinhmunte hian symptom leh enkawlna hrang hrang an nei a. Condition pakhat i chiang lo a nih chuan i doctor nen inbiakna neih a tha ber.

Mediastinum zau zawk tih hi eng nge ni?

Doctor-te'n X-ray an tih hnuah mediastinum chu "a zau" tih an sawi fo tih i hre tawh mai thei. Chumi awmzia chu X-ray hmanga hnunglam atanga hmalam (anteroposterior view) en chuan a tlangpui aia zau a ni a, a tlangpuiin centimetre 8 aia zau a ni tihna a ni. Hei hi doctor-in a hmuh clinical sign a ni a, natna a ni lo . Mediastinum zau tak hian damdawi lam dinhmun hnuaia awm chi hrang hrang a kawk thei a ni. Entir nan:

• Aortic dissection tih a ni
• Rib emaw vertebral (spine) emaw a tliak
• Cardiac tamponade a ni
• Mediastinal tumor a ni
• Mediastinitis natna a ni
• Thoracic aortic aneurysm a awm a, a rilru a buai em em bawk

Mediastinum hriselna enfiah nan eng test nge tih thin?

I doctor chuan mediastinum enfiah nan hetiang test hi a hmang thei ang:

• Chest X-ray neih a ni
• CT scan (Computed tomography (CT) hmanga tihchhuah) a ni.
• MRI scan (Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hmanga enfiah) a ni.
• Mediastinoscopy ( camera te tak te rawn luh tir) .
• Ultrasound hmanga enfiah a ni

I doctor chuan i natna lan chhuah chhan hriat theih nân emaw, i natna hriat tawhte enfiah nân emaw, heng test-te hi a rawt thei che a ni. Eng test nge i duh tih te, engvangin nge i duh tih te, leh chutiang atana inbuatsaih dan tur te chu i doctor nen sawiho ngei ang che.

Engtin nge ka mediastinum hi ka hrisel theih ang?

Nun hrisel i zawm hian mediastinum tichhe thei dinhmun tam tak lakah i inveng thei a ni. I tanpui theihna tur tips awlsam tak tak te chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Meizial leh zuk leh hmuam thil zawng zawng kha pumpelh rawh. Meizial zuk loh nan i doctor hnen atangin thurawn leh puihna zawng rawh.
• Thinlung hrisel ei tur ei rawh. Thlai, thei, legumes leh whole grains te ei tam rawh. Oil, chi leh sugar te tihtlem rawh.
• Exercise neih fo thin ang che. Exercise plan thar i tan hmain doctor nen inbiakna neih hmasak phawt a tha.
• Zu in hi tihtlem emaw tihtawp vek emaw .
• Damdawi an pek che kha dik tak leh a hun takah ei thin ang che.
• Kum tin medical checkup nei turin kal rawh . Chutiang chuan harsatna a awm chuan hriat hmasak theih a ni.

A tawp berah chuan hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

Chuvangin, tunah chuan mediastinum hi eng nge a nih, eng nge a awm tih leh a pawimawhna chu eng nge ni tih ngaihtuahna tha tak in neih ka beisei.

Mediastinum hi kan rilru chhunga hmun pawimawh tak, lung inkar, thinlung leh thil pawimawh dang tam tak vawngtu leh vengtu a ni. Vawi tam tak chu a chhunga taksa peng lian ber ber, thinlung ang chi te hi kan ngaihtuah thin a, mahse he hmun mediastinum an tih hi kan theihnghilh thei a ni.

Mahse, mediastinum taksa peng hrang hrang leh doctor-te hman dan hriat a pawimawh hle thei a, a bik takin nangmah emaw, i hnaih ber emaw pawhin he natna hi i vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan. Mediastinum chungchanga zawhna dang emaw, i hriselna a nghawng dan emaw i neih chuan doctor nen inbiakna neih hreh suh. I hriat tur zawng zawng chu lawm takin an hrilhfiah ang.