I thluaka he "gray matter" hi i hre tak tak em? I sawi dawn nia!

Kan thluak hi kan hre duh vek a ni lawm ni? Thluak chungchang kan sawi hian a peng hrang hrang a awm a, a hnathawh dan pawh a inang lo. Vawiin hian thluaka tissue bik pakhat kan sawi dawn a, chu chuan thil pawimawh tak tak tam tak kan ti thei a, chu chu kan nitin hna thawh tur te, ngaihtuahna te, hriatrengna te, leh kan rilru put hmang thunun te hi a ni. Chu chu ‘Gray Matter’ an ti a. He hming hi doctor emaw khawi emaw atang emaw pawhin i hre tawh ngei ang. Chuti a nih chuan, eng nge a nih i en ang u?

He ‘Gray Matter’ hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, ‘Gray Matter’ hi i thluak leh i ruhro – i `Central Nervous System’ -a tissue chi pawimawh tak a ni. Nitin hnathawh dan pangngaia i kalpui theihna tura puitu a ni. A chhunga thil awm chu i hria em? A bulpui ber chu `neuronal bodies' tam tak, `axon terminals', nerve cell tawp lam, leh `dendrites' tam tak atanga siam a ni.

Tunah chuan nerve cell (a `neuron`) hi eng nge a nih tih i ngaihtuah tawh mai thei. Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh, nerve cell chu palai tlemte ang mai a ni. A ṭhen lian pathum a nei a, chungte chu:

• `Neuronal body` lian tak a ni. Hemi chhungah hian `nucleus` a awm a. Kan taksa control center ang bawkin he nucleus hian cell hnathawh zawng zawng a control a, cell genetic information a dahkhawm bawk.
• Axon chu a sei, a hring, a branch nei, electrical signal a keng tel a ni. Telephone wire ang mai a ni a, message kengtu a ni.
• ‘Dendrites’ , cell dang atanga signal dawngtu branch ang chi hi a tam hle. Hengte hi a bul hnaia nerve cell dang atanga information khawlkhawmtu an ni a, chu chu kan bula mite nena inbiakna ang chi hi a ni.

Chuvangin, he ‘gray matter’ hian a hming a pu chhan chu hetiang nerve cell body tam tak a neih vang a ni. Tin, a rawng pawh a dum deuh bawk.

Engtin nge ‘Gray Matter’ hi a lo thanglian?

He ‘Gray Matter’ hi a naupan lai atang tawhin a lo thang tan thin. Chu chu naute chu nu pum chhunga a awm chuan `fetal development` laiin a lo thanglian tan tihna a ni. Tichuan, naute a lo pian chuan he ‘Gray Matter’ hi kum 8 vel a tlin thlengin a pung chho zel a. Chutah chauh chuan a tawp lo, kum 20 vel an tlin hma chuan he ‘Gray Matter’ density, chu chu nerve cells inzawmkhawm nghet tak zat hi a pung a ni. Hetianga density tihpun hian information kan process rang thei (`high processing`) a, rilru lamah pawh kan hmasawn lehzual thei a ni.

Mahse hetah hian thil pawimawh tak hriat reng tur a awm. Neurons te hi an insiam thar leh lo va, an insiam tha lo bawk. Chumi awmzia chu neuron a chhiat emaw, a thih emaw chuan a thlaktu tur thar siam a ni dawn lo tihna a ni. Chuvang chuan kan thluak enkawl hi a pawimawh em em a ni.

Engtin nge mihring thluak ‘Gray Matter’ hi a bik?

Tunah chuan en teh, rannung dang, rat leh dolphin te nervous system hi kan nervous system nen hian a inang deuh hlek a ni. Mahse, mihring thluak-ah hian structural difference lian tak tak a awm a. Thluak, wrinkles tam tak awmna thlalak i hmu tawh a ni lawm ni? Chutiang wrinkles-ah chuan "sunken" lai chu "sulci" an ti a, "bulged" lai chu "gyri" an ti bawk. Heng layer te tak te "sulci" leh "gyri" an tih te hi thluak chunglama nerve cell awmna hmun a ni. Chu chu "gray matter" kan tih chu a ni.

Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh, thil tam tak hmun tlemtea dah theih nan lehkha phek khat fold ang mai a ni. Hetiang hian thluak lian tak chu lu te tak teah kan fit thei a, chu chuan `Gray Matter` tam tak kan dahkhawm thei bawk. Hei vang hian mihring hian rannung dang aiin `Gray Matter` kan nei tam zawk a ni. Entirnan, mihring thluak hian mouse thluak chung lamah `Gray Matter` a let 1000 vel a nei a! Mak a ni lo maw?

‘Gray Matter’ leh ‘White Matter’ hi eng nge an danglamna?

'White Matter' tih pawh i hre tawh mai thei. An pahnih hian, ‘Grey Matter’ leh ‘White Matter’ te hi i thluak leh i ruhro atana thil pawimawh tak an ni. I thluak 40% vel chu ‘Grey Matter’ atanga siam a ni a, a dang 60% chu ‘White Matter’ atanga siam a ni thung.

• Gray matter ah hian neuronal cell body leh an dendrites te a awm a. Heng dendrites te hi kut zungtang ang chi te tak te, a bul hnaia neurons te nena inbiakpawhna nei an ni.
• A lehlamah chuan ‘White Matter’ ah hian nerve cells ‘axons’ sei tak tak a awm a. Chungte chu thluak leh ruhro hmun hla tak takah thuchah kengtu an ni.

A hnathawh danah pawh danglamna a awm:

`Gray Matter` ah hian nerve cell body (cell nucleus awmna) tam tak a awm avangin hetah hian information processing a thleng thin. Mihringte ngaihtuahna leh ngaihtuahna thiamna bik hi he `Gray Matter`-ah hian a zung a ni. Chu chu kan hriat, kan hmuh, kan ngaihtuah, kan che, kan zir, kan thusawi leh kan hriatthiam zawng zawng hi `Gray Matter`-ah a thleng vek tihna a ni.

`White Matter` hna chu `Gray Matter` hmun hrang hrang inkara inbiakpawhna siam a ni a, `Gray Matter` leh taksa peng dang inkara inbiakpawhna siam hi a ni. Thuchah kengtu kawngpui ang maiin.

A rawng inang lo:

`Gray Matter` hian a rawng dum hi nerve cell taksa tam tak atanga a hmuh a ni. `White Matter` hian a rawng dum chu `axons` chhehvela `myelin sheath` tih hming pu venna khuhna atang hian a hmu thin.

‘Grey Matter’ hi engtin nge a awm?

I central nervous system zawng zawnga kal ‘Gray Matter’ hi i chezia control nan te, hriatrengna vawng reng tur te, leh emotion te tihreh nan te a pawimawh hle a ni . Thluak hmun hrang hrang hian hna hrang hrang a thawk a. Chuvangin, ‘Gray Matter’ hian mihring thiltih zawng zawngah hmun pawimawh tak a chang a ni.

‘Grey Matter’ hi khawiah nge a awm?

Gray matter hi i thluak chung lamah a awm a, chubakah thluak chhung lam leh ruhroah pawh a awm bawk.

Thluak:

Thluak chunglam leh thuk takah hian gray matter a awm a. Thluak chhunga fold leh depression – gyri leh sulci tia koh te hi gray matter atanga siam a ni. Heng structure te hian surface area a tipung a, nerve cell tam zawk a siam thei a, hei hian mihringte chu rannung dang aiin thluak hnathawhna sang zawk a pe a ni.

Gray Matter hi a tam ber chu:

• Cerebellum : Hei hi i thluaka i chetna leh i balance ang chi thil control tu a ni. Mak tak maiin he cerebellum te tak te hian i thluak peng dang zawng zawng zawng zawng khaikhawm aiin nerve cell a nei tam zawk!
• `Cerebrum` : Hei hi thluak peng lian ber a ni. Ngaihtuahna, thutlukna siam, tawng, leh hriatrengna ang chi thilah te a inrawlh a ni.
• `Brainstem` : Hei hian thluak leh ruhro a thlunzawm a. He part hian thawk leh heartbeat ang chi hna pawimawh tak tak a control a ni.

Spinal Cord-ah hian a awm a:

`Gray Matter` hi ki ang maia awm a ni a, ruhro (spinal cord) zawng zawngah a awm (white matter hi pawn lamah a awm). Spinal cord-ah chuan section bik hrang hrangah then a ni a:

• Anterior grey column : Hei hi taksa peng hrang hranga signal thawntu leh incheina control tu a ni.
• `Posterior grey column` : Hei hi taksa atanga hriatna kan dawnna hmun a ni a, chu chu khawih, natna, leh lumna te hi a ni.
• `Lateral grey column` : Hei hi autonomic nervous system nen a inzawm a, chu chu kan hriat chian loh thil (e.g. heart rate, sweating) nen a inzawm a ni.

Gray matter hloh/boral chhante chu engte nge ni?

`Gray Matter` chhunga nerve cell te an thih chuan `atrophies` a ni a, chu chu a lianin a tlahniam tihna a ni. Nerve cells thih chhan ber chu thisen supply an neih loh vang a ni . Heng nerve cell te hian hna an thawk reng avangin an thawk tha thei tur chuan oxygen (thisen atanga lo chhuak) tam tak an mamawh a ni. Thisen supply chu tihtawp nghal a nih chuan, entirnan, `stroke` emaw `brain hemorrhage` emaw ah chuan heng cell te hi an thi thei a, a chhe thei bawk.

Gray matter nerve cells te hi kan tar chhoh zel chuan a pianphungah an thi a, mahse kan taksaa cell dam rei ber an ni.

Chu bakah, gray matter chhiatna nena inzawm thil dang engemaw zat a awm bawk:

• Alzheimer’s disease : Hei hi thluaka protein chi hnih – amyloid protein leh tau protein – chu a pangngai lo taka a insiamkhawmna a ni. Hei hian gray matter chhunga nerve cell te chu a thi ta a ni.
• Parkinson natna : He natna hi thluaka gray matter awmna substantia nigra an tih hmuna nerve cells hloh vang a ni. Incheina tichhe thei natna a ni.
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS) : Mi tam tak chuan MS hi demyelinating disease niin an hria a, white matter a nghawng a ni. Mahse, zirchianna thar chuan gray matter a tichhe bawk a, a bik takin thluak thuk tak gray matter a tichhe bawk.
• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) : Lu-a vuak na tak chuan intracerebral hemorrhage vangin gray matter a tichhia thei a ni . Hei hian apoptosis (programmed cell death) tih pawh a thlen thei a ni.

‘Gray Matter’ tihchhiat dan tlangpui chu engte nge ni?

A tlangpuiin, gray matter chhiatna hian symptoms a thlen thei a, chungte chu:

• Hriatrengna hloh : A chang chuan thil i theihnghilh thin a ni lawm ni? Thil tenau te hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, gray matter a chhiat chuan heng theihnghilh te hi a nasa zual sauh thei a, thil thar pawh i hrechhuak thei lo mai thei bawk.
• `Cognitive impairment` : Hei hian tawng lama harsatna (thumal zawn harsa, sawi tur hriatthiam harsa), ngaihtuahna seng harsa, ngaihtuahna leh rorelna dik tak siam harsa, leh thutlukna buaithlak tak siam harsa tihna a ni.
• Motor issues : Motor thiamna tha tak tak (e.g., kawr button vuah, ziak, cup vawn) te nena inzawm hna thawh a harsa thei.

‘Gray Matter’ hriselna hi engtin nge kan enfiah ang?

Doctor-te chuan i gray matter leh white matter hriselna tehna atan MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) an hmang fo thin. He test hian Parkinson’s disease leh multiple sclerosis (MS) ang chi natna te a hriat theih nan a pui thei a ni.

Tin, gray matter hriselna leh hnathawh dan tehna tur test dangte chu:Chungte chu `functional MRI (fMRI)` leh `positron emission tomography (PET)` te an ni.

Gray matter chhiatna hi enkawl theih a ni em?

Hei hi a lungchhiatthlak deuh a ni. Vanduaithlak takin tunah hian gray matter chhiatna enkawl leh siam that dan tur a awm lo. Ka sawi tawh ang khan nerve cells te hi vawi khat an thih chuan an lo piang thar leh tawh lo. Tin, kan taksaa cell dang angin nerve cell te hi an inthen darh lo va, an pung lo bawk.

Chuvangin, gray matter chhiatna emaw hloh emaw nena inzawm condition enkawl dan awmchhun chu a symptoms enkawl hi a ni.

Engtin nge ‘Gray Matter’ hi hrisel taka kan vawn theih ang?

Mahse, beiseina kan hloh a ngai lo! Gray matter hloh hi kan titawp vek thei lo nain, kan thluak hmun hlu tak hi hriselna atana kan tih theih tam tak a awm.

`Gray Matter` hriselna atan thisen leh oxygen mumal tak pek a pawimawh hle. Chuvangin, `cerebrovascular disease` vei theihna tur risk factors te hi enkawl a pawimawh hle. Chutianga i tih theih ṭhenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Thisen sang (hypertension) i neih chuan control la.
• Exercise neih fo thin .
• Zu hman tihtlem .
• I taksa rihna hrisel tak , i duh ang taka vawn reng.
• Zan mut nuam tak neih .
• I thisen sugar leh cholesterol level control dan .
• Meizial zuk loh tur , a nih loh leh i zuk chuan bânsan rawh.
• Stress tihziaawm tumna .

Kum upat rualin gray matter hi a pianphungah a tlahniam a, mahse zirchianna atanga a lan dan chuan kum 65 leh a chunglam, exercise la fo thinte hian exercise nei lote aiin grey matter volume a sang zawk a ni. He evidence hian i dam chhung zawnga active taka awm hian i gray matter chu a hrisel theih nan leh dam rei zawk turin a pui thei tih a tilang.

Tin, darkar tlemte chauh ni lovin kar khat chhunga thil thar leh thiamna thar zir hian i ``Gray Matter`` hriselna a tichangtlung thei bawk.Hetiang rilru tihchakna hian nerve cell thar siam lo mah se, nerve cell awm tawhte inkarah inzawmna thar a siam thei bawk. Hei hi ``brain plasticity / neuroplasticity.`` an ti a

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur

‘Grey Matter’ hi i thluak leh i ruhro chhunga tissue pawimawh tak, i chhehvel khawvel nena inpawh theihna tur a ni. Rilru hnathawh zawng zawng bulpui ber a ni. Damdawi lam harsatna hrang hrang hian i ‘Grey Matter’ a nghawng thei a ni. Mahse, regular takinI thluak hriselna humhimna kawngah hian nunphung hrisel tak i zawm thei a, chu chu exercise lak leh i duh ang taksa rihna hrisel tak neih te hi a ni.

Nangmah emaw, i hmangaih tak emaw hian thluak lama harsatna nena inzawm nia i hriat symptom i neih chuan doctor pan la, thurawn la rawh. Chu chu i tih theih ṭha ber a ni.

` Thluak, Gray Matter, Nervous System, Nerve Cells, Spinal Cord, Hriatrengna, Ngaihtuahna, Thluak hriselna, White Matter, Neurological Diseases