Taksa chhunga keimahni ‘killer’ te: Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells) chungchang hi i zir mai ang u.

Kan taksa hian natna do turin sipai ang maiin defence system mak tak a nei tih i hria ngei ang. Hei hi immune system kan ti a. He sipaiah hian sipai chi hrang hrang an awm a. Ṭhenkhatin an enthla a, ṭhenkhat chuan ralthuam an siam a, ṭhenkhat chu indonaah an kal nghal bawk. Vawiin hian he sipaiah hian commando pawl bik, danglam deuh, thiam tak tak kan sawi dawn a ni. Chu chu ‘natural killer cells’ emaw kan hriat vek angin Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells) te an ni. A hming hi a hlauhawm deuhin a ri a ni lawm ni? Mahse hengte hi a takah chuan kan taksaa kan thian tha ber pawl an ni.

Heng Natural Killer Cells (NK cells) te hi tute nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, Natural Killer Cells (NK cells) hi kan taksaa thisen var chi khat a ni. A dik tak chuan lymphocytes an tih cell group-ah an tel a, chu chu immune system-a cell chi khat lian tak a ni. B-cell leh T-cell tih hi i hre tawh mai thei. Chu chu NK cells te hi a ni.

Mahse, "natural" killer an tih chhan a awm. Kan immune system-a fighter cell dang, cytotoxic T-cells ang chi te hian hmelma (virus emaw bacteria emaw ang chi) tihchhiat nan an hriat chian a ngai a ni. Chu chu chu hmêlma chungchângah chuan training leh hriatrengna engemaw chen an neih a ngai tihna a ni.

Mahse kan thusawitute, `NK cells` te hian training hmasa emaw hriatpuina emaw an mamawh lo. An hmuh veleh an tana hlauhawm thei cell eng pawh chu an tichhia thei a, a hmaa thil tawn engmah an nei lo. In chhunga rukru a rawn luh chuan rukru chu a pianphungah a hre chiang a, a chungah a zuang thla thin, guard dog fing tak ang an ni.

Heng NK cell te hi eng nge thleng tak tak?

`NK` cells hnathawh ber chu tun hmaa cell hrisel tak tak, mahse tunah chuan kan taksa tana hlauhawm tak takte tihchhiat hi a ni. Hei hian a huam ber chu:

• Virus infected cells: Virus taksaa a luh chuan kan cell hrisel tak takah a lut a, a thunun thei a ni. `NK` cell te hian heng virus factory te hi an hrechiang thei a, virus a darh zel hmain an tichhia thei a ni.
• Cancer cells: NK cells hian kan taksaa cancer cells thenkhat, a tir atanga lo piang chhuak te hriatchhuah leh tihchhiat theihna mak tak an nei a. Chuvangin heng cell te hian cancer darh zel tur venna kawngah hian hmun pawimawh tak an chang a ni.

Heng `NK` cells te hi kan pianpui immune system-a thil pawimawh tak an ni. He innate immune system hi kan taksa invenna hmasa ber a ni. Kan taksa hi kulhpui angin han ngaihtuah teh. Chu kulh bang (kan vun) leh moats (mucous membranes) te hi natna hrik luh lohna tur hmasa ber a ni. Mahse hmêlma pakhatin engtin emaw takin chutiang daltu chu a paltlang a, a luh chuan sipai pawl indonaa kal hmasa ber chu he innate immune system hi a ni. Chu team-a sipai tha ber berte chu `NK` cell te hi an ni.

Okay, chuti a nih chuan heng NK cell te hian engtin nge hna an thawh?

Hei hi kalphung ngaihnawm tak a ni. `NK` cell te hian kan taksa hi an patroll reng a. Chutianga an tih lai chuan an cell an tawn apiang chu an "scan" vek a, "Hei hi kan cell hrisel tak nge cell hlauhawm tak?" `NK` cell hian cell a tichhe dawn nge dawn lo tih thutlukna chu a scan na cell atanga signal a dawn leh dawn lohah a innghat a ni (`target cell' ti ila).

NK cell chung lamah hian receptor tam tak a awm a, chu chuan cell pakhat tihchhiat a tichak thei a, a titawp thei bawk.

Engtin nge cell hrisel tak takte hi kan hriat chian theih ang a, kan tihchhiat loh nan? (Inthiarna) 1.1.

Kan taksaa cell hrisel zawng zawng deuhthaw hian a chung lamah ID card an nei vek a, chutah chuan, "He taksaa awm cell hrisel tak ka ni," tih a inziak a ni. Hei hi MHC-1 an ti a. NK cell pakhatin patrol-a a kal chuan, cell a tawn chuan he MHC-1 ID card hi a enfiah thin.

ID a dik a nih chuan cell a hrisel tihna a ni a, MHC-1 hian NK cell-a inhibitory receptor-ah a binding a ni. Guard pakhatin ID a en a, "Okay, i kal thei ang," a tih ang mai a ni. Chutih lai chuan NK cell thatna chu a off mai a ni. Chuvangin NK cell chuan cell hrisel chu tichhe lovin a hnuaia cell awm chu enfiah turin a kal ta a ni.

Engtin nge cell hlauhawm tak takte tihchhiat i tum? (Activation) a ni.

`NK` cell pakhat chu hetiang dinhmunah hian insualnaah hian a lut a:

• ID card (MHC-1) a bo chuan: Virus kai cell leh cancer cell thenkhat chuan he ID card `MHC-1` an tih hi an thup a. Chu chu immune system pumpelh nan a ni. Mahse `NK` cell te hi an fing hle. ID card nei lo cell an hmuh veleh rinhlelh awm a ni tih an rel a, an bei ta a ni.
• Identity card (MHC-1) a tlahniam chuan: A chang chuan cell pakhat `MHC-1` chu a bo vek lo va, a zat erawh a tlahniam thung. Chu chu `NK` cells te hnena warning signal a ni bawk.
• Activating signals kan dawn hunah:Infected cell thenkhat leh cancer cells te hian an chung lamah special signal dang an pe chhuak a, chu chuan "Ka hlauhawm" tih a ni. Heng signal te hi NK cells-a ‘activating receptors’ ten an pickup chuan thah dan chu a intan ta a ni.

Cell pakhat tihchhiat tura thutlukna a siam hnuah NK cell hian chemical ralthuam chak tak tak pahnih a hmang a.

1. Perforin: Hei hian target cell pawn lamah khur a siam a.

2. Granzymes: Heng enzyme `granzymes` an tih te hi chu khur siam atang khan an thawn chhuak thin. Chungte chu an luh veleh target cell chu a chhung atangin a chhe vek a ni.

He hna a thawh zawh hnu hian NK cell chuan midangte hnenah thuchah (cytokines hmangin) a thawn a, chu chu lo kal a, tifai a, hmêlma an awm leh tawh loh en turin a thawn a ni.

Kan taksaah hian heng NK cell te hi khawiah nge an awm?

NK cells hi kan ruhroah a lo piang hmasa ber a. Chu chu kan ruh lian tak chhunga spongy part chu a ni. Chutah chuan an lo thanglian hnuah chuan NK cell thenkhat chu ruhroah an awm reng thin. Mi dangte chu kan lymphatic system nena inzawm taksa peng hrang hrangah an kal a. Entir nan:

• Lymph nodes a awm thin
• Spleen (Spleen) a ni
• Tonsils a awm
• Thymus a ni

Chungte chu NK cell-ah an puitlin chuan thisenah an chhuak ta a ni. Chuvang chuan kan thisenah hian heng cell te hi a tam em em a ni. Tin, heng NK cell te hi thin leh lung ang chi taksa peng hrang hrangah pawh hmuh tur a awm thei bawk. A tlangpuiin puitling taksaah hian engtik lai pawhin NK cell tluklehdingawn 2 chuang a awm thin. Mahse, an dam chhung hi a tawi deuh a, kar hnih vel a ni.

NK cell leh Cytotoxic T-cell te hi eng nge an danglamna?

Heng pahnih hi immune system-a killer cell ni mah se, an hnathawh leh hnathawh dan a inang lo. He danglamna hi chiang taka hrethiam tur chuan a hnuaia table hi en la.

Eng natna nge NK cells harsatna avanga lo awm?

Kan taksaa NK cells kan neih tlem te, emaw, kan thawk tha lo cell kan neih te hi kan hriselna atana hlauhawm tak a ni a, natna hrik leh cancer kan do theihna a tihtlem avangin.

Research atanga a lan dan chuan NK cells hnathawh dan inthlak danglam hian natna chi hrang hrang a thlen thei a ni.

• Autoimmune diseases: Heng natnaah hian kan immune system hian kan cell hrisel tak takte chu a bei a. `NK` cells hnathawh that lohna hian hetiang dinhmun hi a thlen thei niin an ngai.
• Asthma: NK cells hian asthma natnaah hian thawkna kawng a inflammation control emaw tipung emaw a pui thin.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): NK cells hi chaw ei kawng chhunga bacteria infection laka taksain inflammatory response-ah a inrawlh a.

Hei bakah hian inborn genetic defects pahnih a awm a, chungte chu NK cells te tan bik a ni.

1. Classical Natural Killer Cell Deficiency (NKD): Hetiang natna vei te hian an thisenah NK cell an nei tlem hle emaw, an nei lo emaw a ni.

2. Functional Natural Killer Cell tlakchhamna (NKD): 1. A rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a.Hetah hian `NK` cell awm tawk mah se, chu cell-te hnathawh, chu chu cell tihchhiat theihna chu a chak lo hle a ni.

Heng natna pahnih vei te hi an vei fo thin a, a bik takin virus infection an nei fo thin. Entirnan, HPV, herpes, cytomegalovirus (CMV), leh chickenpox thlentu virus hian nghawng lian tak a nei thei a ni.