HIV test hi i hre chiang em? Chipchiar takin sawi ila!

HIV tih thumal i hriat hian i hlauthawng deuh emaw, i hlauthawng deuh emaw pawh a ni thei. Mahse a chanchin hriat a pawimawh hle. A chhan chu, HIV hi a hmaa hriatchhuah a nih chuan, uluk taka thunun theih leh nun hrisel tak nei thei dinhmun a ni. Chuvangin, vawiinah hian HIV test hi eng nge a nih, engtin nge a tih theih ang, a result chu eng nge ni tih kan sawi dawn a ni.

HIV chu eng nge ni? Engvângin nge he fiahna hi a pawimawh?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) hi kan taksaa immune system beitu virus a ni. Kan immune system hi kan ram venghimtu sipai ang a ni. HIV hrik hian he sipai hi a bei a, a tichak lo hle. Tichuan kan taksa hian natna tenau te pawh a tuar thei lo.

HIV hrik kai hi enkawl tha a nih loh chuan a tawpah chuan AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) ah a lo chang thei a ni. Nunna atana hlauhawm a ni thei. Amaherawhchu, a tha ber chu, HIV hrik i kai a nih pawhin, a hmaa i hriat chhuah a, enkawl tan a nih chuan, AIDS stage thleng lovin i hrisel thei a ni. Chuvang chuan HIV test neih a pawimawh hle.

Tuna HIV test dan hman mekte hi hri hmuhchhuahna kawngah a tangkai hle a ni. Chuvangin, hlauhawmah i awm thei nia i ngaih chuan test neih a tha ber.

HIV hmuhchhuah nan eng test chi hrang hrang nge awm?

HIV test hi chi thum a awm a. Heng test-naah hian i thisen sample (vein emaw finger prick emaw) emaw, oral fluid sample emaw an hmang thin. Hei hi saliva nen a danglam a ni.

1. Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) hmanga enfiah thin: 1.1.

• Hei hian HIV virus genetic material (`HIV RNA`) a awm leh awm loh a enfiah nghal a ni. Thisenah virus engzat nge awm tih a hriat theih bawk (`viral load`).
• Hei hi test man to deuh a ni a, lab lian takah tih a ni. Vein atanga thisen lak a huam a ni.

2. Antigen/Antibody Test neih dan tur:

• Hei hi virus chungchang a ni lo va, kan taksain virus a chhan dan a ni zawk.
• Thil zawn hmasak ber chu antigen an tih hi a ni . Antigen chu kan taksa hriselna tichaktu thil a ni. HIV i vei chuan i thisenah p24 antigen an tih hi i nei tur a ni.
• A dawtah chuan HIV antibody kan zawng a . Kan immune system hian heng antibody te hi virus do turin a siam thin.
• Antibodies hmaah thisenah antigens hmuh theih a ni.

3. Antibody Test neih dan tur:

• Hei hian HIV antibody chauh a zawng a ni.

A tlangpuiin `NAT` test hi a man a to a, chuvangin HIV endikna atan hian symptoms i neih loh chuan hman a tlem hle. HIV i positive a nih chuan i doctor chuan i viral load enfiah nan `NAT` test a ti thei ang.

HIV screening hmasa ber chu antibody test emaw antigen/antibody test emaw a ni. Result a positive a nih chuan test dang neih belh a ngai dawn a, finfiah a ngai dawn a ni.

Engtikah nge HIV test i neih ang?

US Preventive Services Task Force-in a tarlan danin, kum 15 leh 65 inkar mi zawng zawngin an dam chhungin vawi khat tal HIV test neih vek tur a ni. HIV hian a tir lamah symptoms a siam ngai lo. Chuvangin test neih chauh hi virus i vei em tih hriat theihna awmchhun a ni. Chutianga i tih chuan midangte hnena a darh loh nan i veng thei a ni.

Tin, HIV kai theihna chance sang tak i neih chuan, emaw, naupai i nih chuan he test hi i nei ngei tur a ni.

Tu nge hlauhawm ber?

HIV hi sex hman laia taksa tui leh thisen inthlengna hmanga darh a ni. HIV vei atanga heng tui te hi i ei chuan i hlauhawm zawk a ni. Invenna hmanrua (condom ang chi) hmang lova HIV vei nena sex hman hian HIV kai theihna nasa takin a tipung a ni.

HIV test tam zawk i neih hun tur chu:

• HIV vei emaw, HIV dinhmun hriat loh emaw nen vaginal, anal, oral sex i hman chuan.
• Mipat hmeichhiatna hmanpui pakhat aia tam i neih chuan, emaw, i kawppuiin mipat hmeichhiatna hmanpui pakhat aia tam a neih chuan.
• Mipa i nih a, mipa dang nena sex i hman chuan (`MSM - Mipa mipa nena sex hmang`).
• HIV ni lo sexually transmitted infection (STI) i neih chuan (STI dang neih hian HIV kai theihna a tipung).
• Ruihhlo inject turin midangte nen needle i insem a nih chuan.

Test neih fo tih awmzia chu kum khatah vawi khat emaw, a aia tam emaw pawh a ni thei. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) chuan mipa nena sex hmang thinte chu thla 3-6 danah test an neih thin thu an sawi. I doctor hnenah engzat nge i test tur tih zawt rawh.

Mipat hmeichhiatna lama tihduhdah i nih chuan chutih hunah chuan HIV test neih a pawimawh. Doctor i pan nghal tur a ni bawk a, HIV damdawi, PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) tia hriat chu i ei tan tur a ni. He damdawi hian HIV laka invenna a pui thei a ni. Mahse, hnathawhna hmuna a awm atanga darkar 72 chhungin a tan tur a ni.

Naupai lai hian engvangin nge HIV test hi a pawimawh?

Naupai lai hian HIV test neih a tha a, a bik takin first trimester-ah chuan HIV test neih a tha. Hei hi a chhan chu HIV hi nu atanga naute thlenga kai theih a nih vang a ni. Nu hnute tui hmanga kai theih a ni bawk. Naupai laia inenkawlna i hmuh hma chuan i naute hnena hri kai lo turin i veng thei a ni.

Naupai leh HIV kai theihna sang tak i nih chuan i naupai chhungin vawi hnih emaw vawi thum emaw test neih a tha.

Khawiah nge HIV test ka neih theih ang?

Test theihna hmun engemaw zat a awm (a then chu mahni in lamah pawh tih theih a ni).

• I doctor office emaw, clinic emaw, community health center emaw aṭangin i dawng thei a ni.
• HIV leh STI test dang pek theihna hmunte chu CDC website-ah i address (``HIV Testing Sites & Care Services Locator'' ang chi) ziakin i hmu thei ang. Heng hmun tam takah hian a thlawna test theih a ni.
• Kum 17 chunglam i nih chuan in lama HIV test kit chu damdawi dawr emaw online emaw atangin i lei thei ang. Khawvela FDA (Food and Drug Administration) -in in lama HIV test a pawmpui awmchhun chu OraQuick® In-Home HIV Test a ni.

HIV test hian engtin nge hri hi a hriat theih? "Window Period" tih hi eng nge ni?

HIV test hian i thisen emaw, i hmui tuiah emaw HIV virus a awm tih a zawng thin. Hei hi virus ngei pawh a ni thei a, HIV antigen leh antibodies a ni thei a, antibody chauh pawh a ni thei bawk. I positive a nih chuan test tam zawk a ngai dawn a, chu chu finfiah theih a ni ang. I test negative chuan virus i nei lo a ni mai thei tihna a ni.

Mahse, hetah hian "window period" hi hriat a pawimawh hle. Window period hi virus i neih lai leh test hmanga hriat theih hun chhung a ni. He hun hi mi hrang hrangah leh test chi hrang hrangah a inang lo. Chuvangin, he window period a liam hnuah test i nei tur a ni.

• Nucleic acid test (NAT): Hei hian window period tawi ber a nei. HIV hrik i kai leh inkai atanga ni 10 leh ni 33 inkarah a hriat theih.
• Antigen/antibody test: Infection hi exposure atanga ni 18 atanga ni 45 inkar (thisen test) emaw, ni 18 atanga ni 90 inkar (fingerstick test) ah emaw hriat theih a ni.
• Antibody test (rang tak leh in lama test): Exposure atanga ni 23 leh ni 90 inkarah natna kai a hriat theih.

I test a negative a, mahse i exposed mai thei nia i ngaih chuan window period a zawh hnuah test leh ngei ngei tur a ni.

Test hmain inbuatsaih a ngai em?

Thisen test nan hian inbuatsaihna bik a ngai lo. Mahse, in lama test, oral fluids hmanga test tan chuan test hma minute 30 chhung chu ei leh in loh tur a ni. Kit-a thupek awmte chu zawm chiang rawh.

Test neih chhung hian eng nge thleng?

Hei hi i test chi hrang hrang leh khawiah nge i tih tih a zirin a danglam thei.

Lab-a HIV test tih a ni

HIV test tam zawkah chuan healthcare professional-in i thisen a la a, lab-ah a thawn thin. Hengte hi i doctor office-ah emaw, clinic-ah emaw tih theih a ni. I positive chuan i doctor chuan test tam zawk a nei ang a, a finfiah ang. CDC chuan HIV testing sequence hi a hnuaia mi ang hian a rawt a ni:

1. Test hmasa ber: Antigen/antibody test hmangin HIV antigen p24 leh HIV antibodies a awm leh awm loh enfiah a ni. Positive i nih chuan result finfiah nan test vawi hnihna neih a ngai a ni.

2. Test pahnihna: HIV chi hnih, HIV-1 leh HIV-2 dotu antibody zawng tura antibody test a ni. Results pahnihna pawh a positive a nih chuan HIV i vei tih finfiah a ni. Results a chiang lo a nih chuan test vawi thumna neih a ngai dawn a ni.

3. Test pathumna: I thisenah HIV a awm leh awm loh hriat nan `NAT` test a ni.

Hetiang test inzawmkhawm hian HIV hmuhchhuahna kawngah 100% vel zetin a hlawkpui a ni.

HIV test rang tak neih a ni

Heng test te hian i thisen emaw i hmui tuiah HIV antibodies a zawng thin. HIV antigen/antibody test rang tak a awm bawk. Hei hi healthcare professional-in vein atanga thisen sample lak emaw, finger prick emaw, ka chhung atanga swab lak emaw hmanga tih theih a ni.

Rapid test thenkhatah chuan minute 5 chhungin result a awm thei. Mahse, hengte hi result hmasa ber chauh a ni tih hre reng ang che. I result a positive a nih chuan i HIV dinhmun dik tak i hriat hmain i doctor pan a ngai dawn a, test dang neih belh a ngai dawn a ni.

In lama HIV test neih a ni

FDA-in a pawmpui home test awmchhun chu OraQuick® a ni. Hei hi HIV test rang tak a ni a, HIV antibodies a zawng thin. A hman tur chuan i hmui chung leh hnuai lam swab hmangin i oral fluid sample i la thin. Chumi hnuah swab chu vial te tak teah dah a ni. Positive emaw negative emaw result a lantir (naupai test ang deuh). Minute 20 atanga 40 chhungin result hmuh theih a ni.

Results a positive a nih chuan test tam zawk neih a ngai a, chu chu finfiah a ngai a ni.

He test hmang hian risk a awm em?

HIV test hian hlauhawmna lian tham a awm lo. Thisen lak chhuah emaw, i kut zungtang atanga thisen tla khat lak chhuah emaw hian tlem chuan i hrehawm lo mai thei, chu chu a ni mai.

Results hmuh theih nan eng chen nge hun a duh?

I result hmuh hun chhung hi test chi hrang hrang a zirin a inang lo. Rapid test thenkhat, antigen/antibody leh antibody test te hian minute 20 aia rei lovah result a pe thei a ni. `NAT` test hian HIV kai hnua HIV hmuhchhuahna window period tawi ber a nei a ni. Mahse, result hmuh theih nan hun rei tak a la ngai thei. `NAT` test result a lo chhuah leh theih nan ni engemaw zat a ngai thei.

Results hian eng nge a sawi?

Test result hi negative emaw positive emaw pawh a ni thei .

• A negative result a niChumi awmzia chu test-naah hian hri kai chhinchhiahna engmah a awm lo tihna a ni. Hei hian HIV i nei lo tihna a ni thei a, a nih loh leh HIV i kai rei lutuk (window period-ah) i nih avangin virus kai hmuhchhuah theih loh tihna a ni thei bawk.
• Positive result a awm chuan test-ah hian hri kai hnuhma hmuhchhuah a ni tihna a ni. Hei hian HIV i vei tihna a ni thei a, result finfiah nan test tam zawk neih a ngai tihna a ni thei bawk.

Ka result negative a nih chuan engtin nge ka tih ang?

I test hmasa ber chu negative a ni a, mahse HIV kai tawh nia i ngaih chuan (chu chu window period chhunga i test a nih chuan), window period a zawh hnuah test vawi hnihna nei leh rawh. Test vawi hnihnaah chuan i result negative tih a chiang thei.

Test negative pawh nise, nakin lawkah inven a pawimawh. PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) hi i tan a tha em tih doctor nen sawiho rawh. `PrEP` hi nitin i ei thin pill a ni. Sex atanga HIV kai theihna 99% in a tihniam thei a ni. Ruihhlo inject thinte tan chuan 74% in a tihniam a ni. HIV negative i nih a, i kawppui HIV positive a nih chuan `PrEP` dik taka hman a pawimawh.

`PrEP` i ei a nih pawhin HIV leh `STI` dang laka inven nan condom hman a la tha ber.

Ka result a positive a nih chuan engtin nge ka tih ang?

Test pakhat atanga positive result i hmuh chuan a dik leh dik loh hriat chian nan doctor nen test tam zawk neih a ngai a ni. I natna hmuhchhuah a nih hnuah chuan nang leh i doctor chuan enkawlna tur ruahmanna siam turin in thawk ho ang. I doctor chuan i HIV hi eng chen nge a darh tih a rel ang a, a control theih nan damdawi a pe ang. HIV enkawlna hi antiretroviral therapy (ART) an ti a. He enkawlna hian i taksain virus a do theih nan a pui a, AIDS-ah a kal zel loh nan a veng bawk. Damdawi thar awmte hi a chak em em a ni. Dik tak leh mumal taka i hman chuan natna a zual zel loh nan i veng thei a, nun hrisel takin i hmang thei bawk.

Tin, i sexual partner nen i diagnosis chungchang i sawipui tur a ni. Invenna tel lova sex i hman tawh chuan nangmah atanga hri kai an ni mai thei. Test pawh an nei tur a ni.

HIV-1 leh HIV-2 test hi eng nge an danglamna?

HIV hi chi hnih a awm a, chungte chu HIV-1 leh HIV-2 te an ni. Antibody test thenkhatah chuan i thisenah HIV-1 emaw, HIV-2 emaw, a pahnih emaw i awm leh awm loh a hriat theih. HIV-1 hi HIV chi hrang hrang zingah chuan a tam ber a ni. HIV-2 aiin a kai awlsam zawk bawk.

A tawp berah chuan ka sawi tur chu... (Take-Home Message)

HIV test neih tum hian hlauhna tlem a neih hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, i hriselna fimkhur a, i hmangaih mite humhim hi a hlu hle.

• I dam chhungin vawi khat tal HIV test nei rawh.Risk sang tak i nih chuan ti tam zawk rawh.
• Window period chu ngaihtuah reng ang che. Chu hun chhung a liam hnuah test la rawh.
• A result a positive a nih chuan hlauthawng suh. Tunlaia enkawlna changkang tak (ART) hmang hian HIV natna hrisel leh hlim takin nun i hmang thei ang.
• I tanpui theitu a awm. Hemi chungchang hi i ṭhiante, chhungte emaw, i rintlak counselor emaw nen sawiho rawh.

HIV hi hriselna dinhmun dang mai a ni. Hriat hmasak a nih a, uluk taka enkawl a nih chuan i duhthusam tihhlawhtlinna tur engmahin a dal lo. I fimkhur ang u, i hrisel ang u!

` HIV, HIV test, AIDS, mipat hmeichhiatna hriselna, immune system, NAT, antigen antibody test, PrEP