AIDS-Defining Illnesses chungchang hi i zir chiang ang u.

I hre reng em, a chang chuan beisei loh taka kan damloh hian, "He natna hi khawi atanga lo chhuak nge?" A bik takin taksa invenna a hniam lai hian natnate hian awlsam takin taksaah an luhchilh a tum thin. Vawiin hian natna bik engemaw zat kan sawi dawn a, chu chu `HIV` (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) an tih virus kan kai a, kan dinhmun a zual deuh deuh a, chu chu mi thenkhatin AIDS stage a thleng tih an sawi hian a ni. Hei hi Doctor ten `AIDS-Defining Illnesses (ADIs)` an tih chu a ni. Hengte hi red light ang mai a ni a, kan taksaa `HIV` infection vangin kan immune system a chak lo hle tih a tilang a ni.

Heng AIDS thlentu natna (ADI) te hi engte nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, heng `ADIs` te hi `HIV` infection a nasat deuh deuh, chu chu kan taksa immune system a chak loh lutuk huna lo awm thei, `Opportunistic Infections` category-a tla cancer leh natna te an ni.

"Oportunistic infections" tih hi eng nge ni tih i hria em? I in kawngkhar leh tukverh zawng zawng hawn vek a, venhimna awm lo tura dah mai mai kha han mitthla teh. Tichuan tu pawh awlsam takin an lut thei tawh ang. Chutiang chu a ni a, kan taksa immune system `HIV`-in a tihchak loh chuan natna hrik tenau tak tak, a tlangpuiin mi hrisel takah natna thlen thei lo te pawhin awlsam takin taksaah ‘hun remchang’ an nei a, natna lian tham tak tak an thlen thin. Chu chu `opportunistic infections` kan tih chu a ni. Heng natna hrik te hi a tlangpuiin kan chhehvelah hian hmuh tur a awm thei a, mahse mi hrisel tak taksa hriselna (immune system) hian a dodal a, a thunun thei a ni.

Doctor-te chuan CD4 cell count leh heng ADI te hi HIV hrik kai nasat dan tehna atan an hmang a, chu chu eng chen nge a darh tawh tih leh a nasat dan tehna atan an hmang a ni. Heng CD4 cells te hi kan taksaa police officer bikte ang bawkin kan taksa hriselna atana pawimawh tak an ni. HIV hrik hian heng CD4 cells te hi a tichhe vek a ni. Chuvangin, HIV hrik i kai a, heng ADI te hi i neih chuan doctor ten hei hi HIV infection stage pathumna an ti a, chu chu AIDS a ni.

A châng chuan, mi pakhatin `ADI` a neih chauhvin `HIV` a vei tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Amaherawhchu, `ADI` nei zawng zawng hian `HIV` an nei vek lo tih hriat reng a pawimawh. `ADIs` thenkhat chu `HIV` vei emaw, taksa chak lohna nei emaw zingah a tam zawk laiin, `ADI` tam tak chu natna bulpui nei lo mi hrisel tak takah pawh a awm thei bawk. Chuvangin, chiang taka hriat theih dan tha ber chu medical test neih hi a ni.

AIDS thlentu natna (ADI) chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Heng `ADI` te hi chi hrang hrang a awm a. An zingah hian natna hrik kai (fungal, bacterial, parasitic, viral infection), cancer chi hrang hrang, leh nervous system nena inzawm natna thenkhat te an tel ber a ni. Eng nge an nih i en ang u.

Fungal Infection awm thei te

I immune system a chak loh chuan fungal infection hi awlsam takin i taksa pum puiah a darh thei a ni. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu:

• Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP): Hei hi lung natna khirh tak a ni.
• Candidiasis chu bronchi, esophagus, trachea emaw lung emaw a ni
• Coccidioidomycosis - a darh zau/ril pawn lam atanga lo chhuak
• Chronic intestinal cryptosporidiosis thla khat aia rei awm thei
• Cryptococcosis - rilru pawn lam atanga lo chhuak
• Histoplasmosis - a darh/ril pawn lam atanga lo chhuak

Ngaihtuah teh, kan immune system a chak lai hian heng fungi te hian thil tam tak an ti thei lo. Mahse HIV-in kan immune system a tihchak loh chuan harsatna an siam tan ta a ni.

Bacterial natna hrik kai

Bacteria hian natna chi hrang hrang a thlen thei bawk. Bacteria infection thenkhat `ADIs` anga ngaihte chu:

• Kum 6 leh a chunglam tan Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis): Hei hi mi tam takin an lo hriat tawh a ni a, lung bakah taksa peng dang a nghawng thei bawk.
• Mycobacterium natna dang, lung pawn lama darh tawh: Entirna atan Mycobacterium kansasii leh Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) te hi a ni.
• Naupang kum 6 hnuai lam bacterial infection lo awm leh thin.
• Recurrent nontyphoid Salmonella septicemia: Hetah hian Salmonella natna hi thisenah a lut a, taksa pum puiah a darh a ni.

Parasitic Infection awm thei te

Parasites hian `ADIs` a thlen thei bawk. Entirnan:

• Thluaka Toxoplasmosis: Amaherawhchu, hei hi nausen thla khat hnuai lam tan a ni lo.
• Chronic intestinal cystoisosporiasis thla khat aia rei awm thei

Viral Infection awm thei te

HIV pawh hi virus a ni. Tin, immune system a chak loh chuan virus dang tan pawh a awlsam zawk bawk.

• Herpes simplex bronchitis, pneumonitis, emaw esophagitis: Hei hi naute thla khat hnuai lam tan pawh a hman theih loh.
• Herpes simplex ulcer thla khat aia rei awm thei
• Cytomegalovirus natna: Liver, spleen, emaw lymph node ni lo taksa peng dang (e.g., cytomegalovirus retinitis - mit tichhe thei)-ah. Hei hi naute thla khat hnuai lam tan pawh a huam lo.
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): Hei hi natna awm lo mahse na tak a ni a, thluak a nghawng a ni.

Cancer natna vei te

Kan T cells (CD4 cells pawh hi T cell chi khat a ni) a tlahniam chuan virus emaw, immune system ngei tichhe thei cancer emaw avanga cancer vei theihna a sang chho zel a ni. HIV vei zingah ADI anga ngaih cancer chi hrang hrang:

• Kaposi sarcoma: Cancer a ni a, vun, lymph node, leh hmui ang chi hmuna awm thei a ni.
• Burkitt lymphoma natna a ni
• Invasive cervical cancer a ni
• Immunoblastic lymphoma natna a ni
• Thluak a primary lymphoma a awm thin

Condition dang a awm

Hei bakah hian condition dang engemaw zat chu `ADIs` tia hriat a ni bawk:

• Recurrent pneumonia: Puitling leh naupang kum 6 chunglam tan. Pneumonia hi virus emaw, bacteria emaw, fungi emaw avanga lung natna a ni.
• HIV encephalopathy: Hemiah hian HIV hrik hian thluak hnathawh a nghawng a.
• HIV wasting syndrome: Hei hian taksa a tizau a, a chak lo bawk.

AIDS thlentu natna (ADI) zingah engte nge awm tam ber?

Chung zawng zawng chu mi zawng zawngah a thleng vek lo. Mahse, `ADI` hman tlanglawn deuh thenkhat chu:

• Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) natna a ni a, a rilru a hah hle.
• Kaposi sarcoma a ni
• HIV hmanralna natna (HIV wasting syndrome) a ni
• Chaw ei kawng (Esophageal candidiasis) a awm
• Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) natna hrik kai te
• Tuberculosis natna a ni

Heng natna lanchhuahna te hi eng nge ni?

`ADIs` natna lan chhuah dan hi natna a zirin a inang lo. Mahse, hri kai tam zawk hian thil inang engemaw zat an nei a:

• Khawsik
• Lu na
• Taksa na, taksa ruh na
• Hrawk thip
• Thâwk harsa
• Vun a hring chhuak
• Kawthalo
• Buaina emaw, rilru lama inthlak danglamna dang emaw

Heng symptoms pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i neih chuan, a bik takin HIV i vei tih i hriat chuan a rang thei ang bera doctor pan a pawimawh hle.

Engvangin nge heng AIDS thlentu natna (ADI) te hi a lo awm?

Kan sawi tawh ang khan hrik `HIV` hian kan immune system-a `T` cells (a bik takin `CD4` cells) te chu a tichhe vek a. Heng `T` cells te hi hri kai dona min puitu an ni. Chuvangin, heng `T` cell te hi a tlem lutuk chuan kan taksa hian natna hrik hi a pangngaiin a do thei lo. Tichuan, taksa chakna hrisel tak nei mi tan natna thlen lo thil a\angin kan na thei a ni. Tin, hei hi immune system nena inzawm cancer emaw virus avanga cancer lo awm chhan a ni bawk.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) hian kan taksa hriselna (immune system) a hrisel theih nan a thawk tha hle a ni. Mahse, a chang chuan ART ei lai pawhin ADI a lo awm thei. A chhan awm thei engemaw zat a awm a:

• Damdawi pek ang leh a hun taka i ei theih loh chuan.
• I damdawi ei kha a thawk tha lo a nih chuan.
• ART i tan hma khan asymptomatic ADI i nei tawh mai thei a, ART i tan hnua i immune system a lo awm leh chuan a lo lang leh thei bawk (hei hi immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome - IRIS an ti bawk).

Engtin nge AIDS thlentu natna (ADI) te hi an hriat chhuah?

I doctor chuan i symptoms a zirin ADI a hmuchhuak ang. Hei hian thisen emaw taksa tui dang emaw test a huam thei a, biopsy tih pawh a huam thei bawk. I lung emaw, taksa peng dang emawa inthlak danglamna zawng turin imaging test, X-ray emaw CT scan emaw pawh an ti thei bawk.

Tun hmaa HIV i vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih loh a, ADI chauh i neih chuan i doctor chuan HIV leh immune suppression thlentu dang awm leh awm loh a test thei che a ni.

Eng ang test nge tih thin?

Doctor-in a hman theih test thenkhat chu:

• Thisen test a ni
• Hnar atanga sample lak (Nasal swab) .
• Biopsy tih a ni
• Sputum test: Lung atanga phlegm sample lak a ni a, infection a awm leh awm loh enfiah a ni.
• Stool test a ni
• Chest X-ray neih a ni
• CT scan a ni
• Lumbar puncture/spinal tap a awm thei
• HIV test a ni

Heng natnate hi engtin nge an enkawl?

Enkawl dan tur chu natna chi hrang hrang i neih leh i dinhmun bik a zirin a ni. ART i ei loh chuan i doctor chuan a rang thei ang bera emaw, opportunistic infection enkawl tan atanga kar hnih atanga kar li chhungin ART hi a tan thei ang.

HIV i vei tih hmuhchhuah tawh i nih a, ART i ei mek a nih chuan i doctor chuan i damdawi hman that dan tur test tam zawk a nei thei ang.

ADI bik enkawlnaah chuan:

• Bacteria infection tan antibiotics hman tur a ni
• Fungal infection tan antifungal a ni
• Parasitic infection tan antiparasitic damdawi hman tur a ni
• Cancer vei tan surgery, radiation emaw chemotherapy emaw hmanga enkawl a ni

AIDS thlentu natna (ADI) ka neih chuan eng nge thleng ang?

ADI neih hian AIDS kaihhnawih harsatna avanga thihna a tipung a ni. Amaherawhchu, thu lawmawm tak chu tun hnaiah ART vangin AIDS vanga thi hi nasa takin an tlahniam ta a ni. HIV vei zinga hmun li a\anga hmun khat vel chu AIDS kaihhnawih harsatna avanga thi nia chhut ni mah se, ART hman tan tirh a nih chuan HIV vei tam tak chu AIDS vei lovin nun hrisel takin an hmang \hin.

AIDS thlentu natna (ADI) hi ven theih a ni em?

Ni e, a ti thei ngei ang!

ART hian i thisena virus awm zat (viral load) a tihtlem theih nan a pui thei a ni. Hei hian i T cells (CD4 cells) a tipung a ni. Hei hian i immune system chu a hrisel reng theih nan leh infection te a do thei a ni. HIV kaihhnawih cancer thlentu virus te dona kawngah a pui bawk.

Hri kai theihna tihziaawmna tur kawng dang engemaw zat a awm a:

• Invenna damdawi: 1.1.I doctor chuan natna thenkhat i neih theihna tur tihtlem nan antibiotics emaw antifungal damdawi emaw ang chi thil a pe thei che a ni.
• Vaccine: I doctor hnenah eng vaccine nge i lak tur tih zawt la, a awm chuan i pumpelh tur tih zawt rawh.
• Screenings: I doctor chuan cancer thenkhat leh natna hrik kai theih te chu screening neih fo turin a rawt thei ang.
• Damdawi injection hmanrua insem loh tur: Damdawi leh damdawi in pek loh i hman dawnin needle, syringe, etc. te chu midang nen insem loh tur a ni.
• Faina tha: Kut silfai fo tur a ni a, a bik takin ei tur buatsaih hma te, chaw ei hma te, bathroom hman zawhah te. Mi dangte hnenah ei leh in, leh mimal thilte insem suh.
• Ei leh in himna: Egg tui lum lo, pasteurized milk (cheese leh ice cream te pawh tel), leh thei tui pasteurized loh te ei loh tur. Ei hmain thei leh thlai te chu uluk takin silfai emaw, a hnah te chu silfai emaw, a hnah te chu uluk takin silfai emaw, phel emaw thin ang che.
• Tui thianghlim lo hman loh tur: Dil leh tuikhuah ang hmuna inbual hunah i ka chhunga tui awm loh tur a ni a, tap tui thianghlim loh in loh tur a ni. Tui thianghlimna i hriat chian lohna hmuna i kal chuan tui bottle-ah in la, chu tui chu chaw siam nan hmang bawk ang che.

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?

HIV i vei chuan i doctor hnena i appointment zawng zawng kha zawm vek tur a ni. I natna lan chhuah dan thar emaw, a zual zel emaw a nih chuan, emaw, i ART ei harsatna i neih chuan doctor hnenah hrilh rawh. Infection laka invenna atana i tih theihte leh hri kai chhinchhiahna i neih chuan eng nge tih tur tih te zawng chhuak rawh.

Engtikah nge Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ah i kal ang ?

HIV kai tawh nia i ngaih chuan, emaw, heng natna khirh tak tak te hi i neih chuan emergency room-ah kal nghal rawh:

• Khawsik chu 103 degree Fahrenheit (40 degree Celsius) aia sang a ni.
• Thâwk harsa.
• Luak chhuak nasa tak emaw, luak chhuak emaw.
• A rilru a na.
• Buaina emaw, hriatna hloh emaw.
• Hliam a lum, a sen, a hring, a na, a dam loh chuan.

Doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

I doctor hnenah hetiang zawhna hi zawh hi a \angkai thei ang:

• Engtin nge ka damdawi hi dik taka ka ei ang?
• Damdawi ei tur appointment i neih loh chuan engtin nge i tih?
• Infection laka inven nan eng nge ka tih theih ang?
• Eng symptom nge ka fimkhur tur?
• Engtikah nge emergency room-ah ka kal ang?

A tawp berah chuan take-home message

AIDS-defining illnesses (ADIs) hi doctor-te’n HIV hrik hian i taksa a nghawng nasat zia hriat theihna tura test a ni. HIV i vei chuan eng hri kai atanga harsatna lian tham i neih theihna chance a sang zawk a ni.

Mahse,A pawimawh ber chu antiretroviral therapy (ART) dik leh mumal taka ei hian i immune system a ti hrisel thei a, i taksa chu natna do turin chakna a pe thei bawk. Heng damdawite hian AIDS laka invenna kawngah a pui a, HIV vei te chu HIV vei lote ang bawka dam rei thei turin a pui a ni.

Chuvangin, natna khirh tak laka invenna atana fimkhurna dang i tih theihte chu i doctor nen inbia ang che. Lungngai suh, heng dinhmunte hi hriatna leh enkawlna dik tak nen i do thei a ni.

` AIDS, HIV, AIDS hmuhchhuah, hun remchang hmanga hri kai, immunity, CD4 cells, ART hmanga enkawl