Mitdelna: Hei hi kan hre chiang em?

I mitte hi lunghlu hlu tak ang mai a ni lawm ni? Khawvel hmu thei tura min puitu heng mit pahnih chungah hian thil thleng ta se engtin nge i ngaih ang? Vawiin hian mi tam takin an hlauh em em thupui kan sawi dawn a, chu chu a pawimawh em em bawk. Chu chu mit hmuhna hloh vek emaw, a ṭhen emaw, doctor-te sawi angin mitdelna emaw a ni. A chang chuan, rang taka i mit a tlakchham chuan emergency a ni a, damdawi lam thurawn i lak nghal a ngai thin.

Mitdelna chu eng nge ni tak tak? A chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, mitdelna chu engmah hmuh theih lohna a ni. Mi thenkhat chuan êng pawh an hmu thei lo mai thei. Tin, he mit hmuhna hi glasses, contact lens, mittui tlakna emaw, surgery emaw hmang pawhin a lo awm leh thei lo thei bawk. Tunah chuan mitdelna chi hrang hrangte chu eng nge ni tih i lo en ang u.

1. Mitdelna thenkhat / Mitdelna hniam

Hetiang a nih chuan vision engemaw zat i nei a ni. Mitdel tak tak ni lovin, i mit a chhe lutuk a, nitin hna thawh a harsa hle. Mi tam tak chuan hei hi "low vision" an ti bawk. Lehkha lian chauh i hmu thei a, a nih loh leh i mit a fiah lo thei bawk.

2. Mitdelna famkim

Hei hi thil awm lo tak a ni. Hetiang dinhmunah hian engmah i hmu thei lo va, eng pawh i hre thei lo.

3. Pianpui mitdelna

Nausen thenkhat chu mitdelna neia piang an ni. Hei hi mit leh mit natna (hereditary eye and retina diseases) vang emaw, pian tirh atanga harsatna dang lo awm vang emaw a ni thei.

4. Dan anga mitdelna

Hei hi technical term deuh a ni. I mit tha ber ah glasses emaw contact lens emaw i vuah pawhin i central vision chu level engemaw takah a tlahniam tihna a ni. A dik tak chuan, mi pakhatin a tlangpuiin feet 200 aṭanga a hmuh theih thil hmuh tur chuan feet 20 vêl hnaih a ngai ang a, chuti lo chuan chu thil chu vawi sâwm zeta tihpun a ngai ang. Hei hi `20/200` vision an tih chu a ni. Tin, i peripheral vision, chu chu a sir lam atanga i hmuh theih zat chu degree 20 aia tlem a nih pawhin legally blind anga ngaih theih i ni bawk.

5. Ei leh in lama mitdelna

Hei hi dinhmun lungchhiatthlak tak a ni. Hetiang dinhmun hi Vitamin A tlakchham vang a ni a , Vitamin A tlakchhamna a awm reng chuan mit hmalam chu a chhe thei a ni. Hei hi `(Xerophthalmia)` an ti bawk. Chu mai ni lovin, zanah emaw, êng tlem laiah emaw pawh mit a tlahniam thei a, a chhan chu retina-a cell-te hian hna an thawk tha lo a ni.

Ngaihtuah teh: kan ei leh in tur enkawl a, kan mit venhim hi a va pawimawh tak em!

Color blindness chungchang tlem han zir ila.

"Color blindness" tih hi i hre tawh mai thei. Hei hi a hmaa kan sawi tawh mitdelna nen hian a inang tak tak lo. Midang aiin rawng hrang hrang i hmuhna condition a ni. Color thenkhat thliar hran harsa i ti mai thei. Hei hi rochun a ni thei a, a nih loh leh nakin lawkah retina emaw optic nerve emaw tihchhiat vangin a lo awm thei bawk. Black, white leh gray chauh i hmuh chuan he natna hi achromatopsia an ti a.

Mitdelna ven theih

Chumi awmzia chu enkawl theih natna avanga mitdelna a awm a, mahse chu mi chuan enkawlna engmah a dawng lo tihna a ni. Vawi tam tak chu, hei hi a chhan chu mit enkawlna hmuh theih loh vang a ni. Entirnan, zunthlum ``(Diabetes Mellitus)`` vei chu enkawl that loh chuan zunthlum avanga mit natna ``(Diabetic Retinopathy)`` a lo awm thei a, a mit a hloh thei bawk. Chutiang bawkin thisen sang ``(Hypertension)`` nei chu enkawl loh chuan thisen sang avanga mit natna ``(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`` a lo awm thei bawk.

Mitdelna hi engtiang chiahin nge a hluar?

Dik tak chuan mitdelna hi khawvel hmun hrang hrangah hmuh tur a awm a, kan ramah pawh hmuh tur a awm. Tu chungah pawh a thleng thei. Statistics chuan khawvel pumah mi maktaduai 43 velin mitdelna an tuar tih a tarlang. Mi tam zawk chuan mitdelna an nei tam zawk.

Mitdel hmaa chhinchhiahna awmte chu engte nge ni?

Total blindness-ah chuan a lan chhuahna ber chu engmah hmuh theih lohna leh êng hriat theih lohna hi a ni. Mahse, mit a tlahniam zauh zauh a, a lan chhuah dan te chu:

• Mit hmuh a fiah lo .
• Mit na a awm .
• Floater leh êng eng chhuak.
• Eng laka hriatna (Photophobia).
• Sudden loss of vision , emaw mit hmaa hmun dum lo lang.

Heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan doctor i pan nghal ngei tur a ni, okay?

Engvangin nge he mitdelna hi a lo awm? A chhante chu engte nge ni?

Mitdelna chhan tam tak a awm a. Mit hliam te, hri kai te, natna chi hrang hrang te hian a thlen thei vek a ni.

1. Mit Hliam / Mit Trauma

Mit hliam hi a awm theih dan chi hrang hrang a awm a. A tam zawkah chuan mit pakhat chauh a nghawng thin.

• Chemical a kang.
• Mit chhunga thil rimchhia awm .
• Inhnialna a awm.
• Cracker ang chi thil avang hian.
• Hnathawhna hmuna accident leh tlu ang chi thil.
• Lirthei chetsualna thleng thin.
• Infiamna khelh laiin accident a thleng thin.

Hetiang thil hian mit a tichhe nasa thei a, mit a tichhe thei bawk.

2. Infection leh Mitdelna

Infection hrang hrang hian mitdelna a thlen thei bawk a, a chang chuan mitdelna pawh a thlen thei bawk.

• Trachoma: Hei hi khawvela mitdelna ven theih chhan lian ber a ni.
• Cytomegalovirus hmanga natna hrik .
• Endophthalmitis : Mit chhunga natna khirh tak a ni.
• Histoplasmosis natna (histoplasmosis) a awm.
• Keratitis: Mit lam natna hrik, entirnan, Acanthamoeba Keratitis.
• Rubella chuan a rawn ti a.
• Shingles: Herpes zoster virus avanga natna lo awm a ni.
• Syphilis natna a ni.
• Toxoplasmosis natna (Toxoplasmosis) a ni.
• Uveitis : Mit layer lai tak (uvea) a natna.

3. Natna hrik kai theih loh dang

Mitdelna hi natna dang vang pawh a ni thei a, hri kai lo. Amaherawhchu, natna thenkhatah chuan natna a nasat em avangin hetiang hi a thleng thin.

• Retinitis Pigmentosa: Hei hi natna chi khat a ni a, retina chhunga light-sensitive cells te a nghawng a ni. Natna a zual zel chuan heng cell te hi a chhe zauh zauh a. Pakhatnaah chuan zan lama mit hmuhna a tlahniam a, chutah chuan peripheral vision a bo ta a ni.
• Kum upa lam nena inzawm Macular Degeneration (AMD): Hei hian retina peng pakhat, central vision atana pawimawh, macula a nghawng a ni. Central vision nasa taka a bo chuan lehkhabu chhiar leh mi hmel hriat chian ang chi thilte chu a harsa hle. Mahse, peripheral vision hi a humhim fo thin.
• Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): Hei hi nausen piang hmasa thenkhatah hmuh tur a awm . An mit chhunga thisen kalna kawngte chu a lo thang lian lo hle a, chu chuan scar tissue a siam a, retina a tichhia a ni. Hei hian mitdelna nasa tak leh mitdelna thlengin a thlen thei a ni.
• Cataracts: Mit lens a clouding vangin mittui tlakna a awm thin. Hei hian mit a ti fiah lo va, a chiang lo bawk. Hei hi surgery hmanga enkawl a nih loh chuan a nasat chuan mitdelna a thlen thei a ni.
• Diabetic Retinopathy natna a ni a, a natna chu:Hetiang dinhmun hi zunthlum vei mit chhunga thisen kalna kawng a chhiat chuan a lo awm thei a ni. A tirah chuan mit a tlahniam deuh thei a, mahse natna a zual emaw, enkawl loh emaw a awm chuan mitdelna a thlen thei a ni.
• Glaucoma: Hei hi mit nerve tihchhiatna a ni. A tirah chuan mit pahniha mit hmuhna a tlahniam tan a, natna a zual zel chuan mitdelna a awm thei a ni.
• Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: Hei hi thlahtute atanga lo chhuak, mitdelna natna a ni. A chhan hriat lohin hmeichhia aiin mipa naupang a nghawng nasa zawk.
• Anophthalmia: Hetiang dinhmunah hian pian tirh atangin mit pakhat emaw pahnih emaw a bo a ni.
• Microphthalmos: Hei hi mit hi a pianpui te tak te a ni. A chang chuan heng mit te te hian hna a thawk tha lo, a nih loh leh hna a thawk lo tak zet a ni.
• Stroke: Stroke hian mit hmuhna lama inrawlh thluak hmun thenkhat, occipital lobe ang chi chu a chhiat chuan mit a tichhe thei a ni. Stroke lai hian thluaka thisen kal chu a tlahniam emaw, a tawp vek emaw a ni.
• Cancer: Mit cancer retinoblastoma emaw orbital tumor emaw hian mitdelna a thlen thei bawk.
• Nutritional deficiencies: Ei leh in \ha lo hian mit a tichhe thei bawk. Vitamin A tlakchhamna hi a chhan pakhat a ni. Vitamin B leh mineral dangte pawh mit hrisel tak neih nan a mamawh a ni.

Mitdelna hi engtin nge kan hriat theih ang?

Doctor chuan i mit pahnih hi uluk takin a enfiah ang a, mitdelna hian mit pakhat chauh a nghawng thei a ni. Heng test-ah hian:

• Snellen Test: Hemi hi i hre tawh mai thei. Doctor chuan lehkhabu ziakna board en turin a ti che a, lehkhabu line te chu a te deuh deuh deuhte chhiar turin a ti che a ni. Hei hian i central vision a teh a, chu chu i visual acuity a ni.
• Visual Field Testing: Visual field hi hmalam atanga i hmuh theih tur chauh a ni lo. I mit tichhe lovin a sir lam, chunglam leh hnuai lam i hmuh theih zat a teh a ni.

Mitdel enkawlna tur engte nge ni?

Enkawlna i dawn chi chu i dinhmun a zirin a innghat ang. Mitdelna chi thenkhat chu damdawi emaw glasses emaw hmangin control theih a ni. Mahse, natna thenkhat, mit hmuhna hloh vek emaw, mit tihchhiat vek emaw te hi enkawl theih a ni lo. Chutiang hunah chuan i doctor chuan visual rehabilitation-ah a refer thei che a ni. A tum ber chu i vision la awm atanga hlawkna tam ber i hmuh theih nan leh nitin hna i thawh theih nan i nunphung tihchangtlun che hi a ni. Hei hi training bik, therapy, leh mitdelna hmanrua hmanga tih a ni fo.

Mitdelna chi hrang hrang enkawlna: 1.1.

Mitdelna thenkhatah chuan a chhan leh mit a tihchhiat nasat dan azirin enkawlna an nei thin.

• Damdawi: Infection avanga mitdelna thenkhat chu anti-infective drugs hmanga enkawl theih a ni.
• Cataract Surgery: A tam zawkah chuan mitdel hi surgery hmanga hlawhtling taka enkawl theih a ni.
• Corneal Transplant: Doctor chuan mitmeng thar a thlak thei a, chu chuan mitmeng chhia chu a thlak thei a ni.
• Retinal Surgery: Surgery leh/ emaw laser hmanga enkawlna hian retinal tissue chhia chu a siam tha thei a ni.
• Vitamin Supplements: Vitamin A ei hian xerophthalmia avanga mit lama harsatna awm ṭhenkhat chu a tidanglam thei a ni. Ei leh in \ha lo avanga mit lama harsatna awm chuan vitamin B emaw vitamin D supplement emaw a mamawh thei.

Engtin nge mitdelna hlauhawmna tihziaawm theih ang?

Mitdelna chi thenkhat chu ven theih a ni lo. Mahse, mitdel tam zawk hi chu ven theih a ni. Sorkar leh pawl thenkhat chuan natna ven theih, trachoma ang chi mitdelna tihtawp tumin hma an la mek a ni. Khawvel hmun hrang hrangah damdawi chi hrang hrang an siam zau zel a. Mimal level-ah chuan mitdelna (partial or total blindness) i neih theihna tur tihtlem nan thil i tih theih tur a awm a:

• I mit chu a hun takah enfiah tir thin ang che . I exam vawi engzat nge i neih tur tih i doctor thupek zawm rawh. I mit hmuh danah inthlak danglamna i hmuh emaw, i mit a thil danglam bik i hmuh chuan mit doctor pan fo ang che.
• A tul chuan i glasses leh contact lens te hi uluk takin hmang rawh.
• Zunthlum i vei chuan i thisen sugar level control la. Thisen sang i neih chuan chu pawh chu control la.
• Hnathawh lai te, motor khalh lai te, contact sports khelh lai te pawhin invenna hmanrua bun thin ang che. Sunglass vuah theihnghilh suh.
• Ei leh in hrisel, inthlau tak ei rawh.
• Exercise tling tawk la. I doctor hnenah i tana tha tur exercise plan zawt rawh.
• I taksa rihna hrisel tak, i duh ang angin vawng reng ang che.
• I chhungte hriselna lama harsatna awmte chu fimkhur rawh.
• Meizial i zuk chuan titawp la, a nih loh leh tan ngai suh.
• Mit natna laka inven nan contact lens vuah hian kut sil fo ang che. Tin, eng chen nge i thlak tur tih pawh zawm bawk ang che.

Mitdelna nena nun dun hunah eng nge i beisei theih?

Mitdel vek emaw, a then emaw i nih chuan tanpuina i dawn theihna tur kawng hrang hrang a awm. I dinhmun chungchang i theih ang anga zir hian a pui thei che a ni. Mitdelna nena nun hian i nun leh i chhungte leh i thiante nun a nghawng a ni. I zin dan te, i in enkawl dan te, midang i ngaihsak dan te, i hnathawh dan te – leh i chawlh hahdam dan leh i hlim dan te pawh a nghawng a ni. Chung harsatna thenkhat chu kum upa lam tan chuan a na zual thei a ni. I mit doctor hnenah mitdel emaw, mitdel tak tak emaw neia nunpui theih dan tur te, emaw, i tanpui thei tur service te zawt la. Heng rawngbawlnate hi a huam thei ang:

• Zirna.
• Rilru hriselna lama tanpuina.
• Thiamna zirtirna.
• Technical lama zirtirna pek a ni.
• Hobby hrang hrang atana duhthlan tur.

Mit lama harsatna chungchangah engtikah nge doctor i hmuh ang?

A hnuaia dinhmunte hi doctor tanpuina zawng nghal rawh:

• I mit i hloh thut a nih chuan.
• Mit na i neih chuan.
• I mit hmuhna tichhe thei accident a awm chuan.
• I mit hmaah flash emaw thil thar lo inphah emaw i hmuh tan chuan.

Doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

I doctor zawh tur zawhna tam tak i nei ang. Chûng zîngah chuan:

• He mitdelna hi enkawl theih a ni em?
• Clinical trial-ah hian ka tel thei em?
• He mitdelna hi enkawl theih a nih loh chuan eng service nge ka mamawh ang?
• Support group i recommend thei ang em?

Mitdelna nia hriat chhuah hriat hi i nunah nghawng a neih dan ngaihtuah chuan rilru na tak a ni thei. I mamawh support zawng zawng hmuh hi a pawimawh a, a tangkai hle bawk. I healthcare team te chu i zawhnate chhang turin an awm a, nunphung tha ber i neih theih nan i mamawh hmanrua te pe turin an awm a ni.

Summary leh thil hriat reng tur

Chuvangin, mitdelna hi natna khirh tak ni mahse, a hriat chian a, hriat hmasak a, a tul anga enkawlna zawn a pawimawh hle.

I mit hi thil hlu tak a ni tih hre reng ang che. Anmahni venghim nan thil tam tak tih theih a awm a. Mit enfiah fo te, nun hrisel neih te, harsatna i hriat chuan damdawi lam thurawn lak hmasak te hi a pawimawh ber a ni. Ngaihtuah buai suh, tunlai hian eng thil pawh hmachhawn turin i mamawh tanpuina leh information i hmu thei ang.