Cancer dona atana mahni cell hman dan thar ber (CAR T-cell Therapy)

Kan taksa hian amah chauhin cancer a do thei tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Dik tak chuan kan taksa hian invenna fing tak, immune system an tih hi a nei a. A hmun bik a nei a, chu chu T-cells an ti a, chu chu sipai ang mai a ni. An hna chu ramdang hrik leh taksa chhunga lut cell mutated te zawng chhuakin tihchhiat a ni. Mahse a chang chuan cancer cell te hi an fing hle. Heng T cells lakah hian an inthup a, an bum a, taksa chhungah an thang lian thin. Chutiang hunah chuan kan T cell-te ngeiin cancer cell-te chu "special training" pein an hriat theihna leh an tihchhiat theihna tura puitu damdawi thar, mak tak mai kan sawi dawn a ni.

A awlsam zawngin, CAR T-cell therapy chu eng nge ni?

A hming hi a buaithlak viau mai thei a, mahse a concept erawh a awlsam khawp mai. CAR T-cell therapy hi immunotherapy chi khat a ni. I T cell thenkhat lak a, laboratory-a genetically modify te a ni.

I T cell te hi police officer angin ngaihtuah rawh. Cancer cell te hi rukru inthuam ang mai an ni. A tlangpuiin police-te hian heng rukrute hi an hre thei lo. CAR T-cell therapy hi i police officer (T cells) te hnenah glasses bik pek ang mai a ni. He mirror hi ‘Chimeric Antigen Receptor’ (CAR) an ti a . Lab-ah siam a ni a, T cell-ah a inzawm a ni.

Tunah chuan he special mirror hi dah a nih chuan T cells te hian cancer cells chunglama protein bik (antigens) te chu chiang takin an hre thei ta a ni. Tun hmaa cancer cell thup te chu tunah chuan chiang takin a lang ta. Chumi hnuah chuan heng superpowers nei tawh T cells te hian direct-in cancer cells te chu beiin an tichhia a ni. He enkawlna hian thisen cancer chi thenkhat tihdam kim theihna tur leh midangte cancer vei rei zawka dam rei theihna tura puitu ropui tak a ni.

He enkawlna hian eng thisen cancer chi nge a enkawl?

Tunah hian CAR T-cell therapy hi thisen cancer chi hrang hrang, enkawlna dang (chemotherapy ang chi) dawng lo emaw, enkawl hnua lo kir leh emaw tan chauh hman a ni. Damdawi thar tak a la nih avangin cancer zawng zawng tan pek a ni lo.

A hnuaia table-ah hian tuna he enkawlna hi eng cancer chi nge pawm a nih tih tarlan a ni.

Engtin nge he enkawlna kalphung hi a lo awm?

Hetiang kalphung zawng zawng hi step engemaw zatah a thleng vek a ni. Indona atana sipai zirtir a, indona hmuna thawn kir leh ang mai a ni.

Step 1: I T cells te khawlkhawm

Pakhatnaah chuan i taksa hian thisen var, a bik takin T cells a khawlkhawm a ngai a ni. Hei hi leukapheresis tih hmanga tih a ni . Hei hian i thisen chu machine hmanga thawn chhuah a ni a, chu chuan thisen var chauh a thliar hrang a, thisen dang chu i taksaah a thawn kir leh a ni. Hei hi thisen pek ang a ni a, mahse thisen a chanve chauh lak a, a bak chu pek let leh a ni.

2. Step: T cells te chu lab ah thawn la, modify rawh

A dawtah chuan i hnen atanga T cell lak chhuah te chu specialized lab ah an thawn leh thin. Chutah chuan scientist-te chuan genetic engineering hmangin a hmaa kan sawi tawh CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) chu T cell-ah an dah lut a. Tichuan, heng super-powered CAR T cell tharte hi lab-ah maktaduai tam tak an neih thlengin an tipung a ni. Hetiang hian kar thum atanga kar ruk chhung a awh thin.Hun engemaw chen a la ngai mai thei.

3. Step: I taksa buatsaih dan

Lab-a CAR T-cells siam chhuah a nih hma chuan i doctor chuan i cancer control nan enkawlna dang (bridging therapy), chemotherapy ang chi te a pe thei che a ni.

Tichuan, CAR T-cells siam tharte chu pek a nih hma ni engemaw zat hnuah chemotherapy dose tlemte pek i ni ang. A hming chu lymphodepleting chemotherapy an ti a ni. Hei hian i taksaa immune cell awmsa te chu a tichhe a, super CAR T-cells thar, super CAR T-cells te hnathawh theihna tur boruak tha zawk a siam a ni.

4. Step: Super T cells taksaa rawn kir leh

Hei hi inkhawmpui ber a ni. Saline solution pek ang bawkin CAR T-cells siam tharte chu i taksaah vein (intravenous line - IV) hmangin an inject a ni. Hei hi minute 5 leh 30 inkar vel a ni. Heng cell te hi taksaa an luh veleh anmahni chauhin an pung tan a, cancer cells te chu an zawng chhuak a, an tichhe vek a ni. Heng cell te hi taksaah rei tak an awm a, cancer an do avangin mi thenkhat chuan he enkawlna hi "damdawi nung" an ti.

Enkawl hnuah eng nge thleng? Eng nge a hlauhawmna?

Hei hi enkawlna chak tak a nih avangin a chang chuan side effect na tak tak a awm thei bawk. Chuvang chuan damdawi inah i enkawl hnuah kar khat atanga ni sawm vel i awm a ngai dawn a ni. Doctor leh nurse ten uluk takin an lo vil reng ang che.

A Side Effect lian ber berte

He enkawlna hian side effect lian leh tam ber pahnih a nei a. Chûngte chu hlauhawm tak ni thei mah se, damdawi lam team-te chu enkawl tûrin an inpeih ṭha hle.

He enkawlna hi engtiang chiahin nge a hlawhtlin?

CAR T-cell therapy hian thisen cancer dotu mi tam tak tan beiseina thar a thlen a, a bik takin enkawlna dang dawng lote tan beiseina thar a thlen a ni.

• Entirnan, naupang 85% aia tam chuan childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) vanga he enkawlna hi an dawng a, enkawl hnuah an cancer chu a bo vek tawh a ni. Tin, an zinga 60% chu enkawl an nih atanga kum khat hnuah pawh cancer nei lo an la ni.

He technology hi a la thang zel a ni. Khawvel hmun hrang hranga zirchiangtute chuan he damdawi hi tihchangtlun tumin, side effects tihziaawmna tur leh cancer chi dang tan pawh hman theih a nih leh nih loh en turin an bei reng a ni.

Engtikah nge doctor i hmuh ang?

He enkawlna hian a nghawng tha lo, a bik takin Cytokine Release Syndrome leh thluak lam harsatna te hi nunna atana hlauhawm tak a ni thei . Chuvangin damdawi in i chhuahsan hmain i doctor hnenah eng symptom nge i hriat bik tur tih zawt hmasa phawt ang che.

Khawsik, khawsik, lu na, leh rilru hahna ang chi symptoms a awm reng chuan natna khirh tak a nihna chhinchhiahna a ni thei. Chutiang a nih chuan doctor ko nghal la, damdawi in Emergency Department (ETU) ah kal rawh.

Nangmah emaw i hriat mi emaw thisen cancer vei i nih chuan CAR T-cell therapy hi i tan a tha em tih i doctor nen inbia ang che. He enkawlna hi mi zawng zawng tan a nih loh laiin, mi dik tak tan chuan nun tidanglam thei a ni.