Cell Thihna hi eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin sawi ila!

Kan taksa chhunga cell te tak te te hi engtin nge an awm tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? A châng chuan keimahni ang bawk hian heng cell te hi an hun a ral chuan an ‘thi’ thin. Hei hi damdawi lama ‘cell thihna’ kan tih chu a ni. Hei hi hriat a hlauhawm deuh nachungin, a takah chuan kan taksa hrisel taka dam khawchhuahna atan a pawimawh hle a, a tam zawkah chuan a pawimawh hle. Chuvangin vawiinah hian he cell thihna hi eng nge a nih, engtin nge a lo awm tih leh kan taksa a nghawng dan hi han sawi ila.

Cell chu eng nge ni? Chu chu i hrethiam phawt ang u!

Awle, ‘cell thihna’ kan sawi hma hian heng ‘cell’ te hi eng nge an nih tih hi han thlir ila. Kan taksa hi in lian tak niin han ngaihtuah teh, cell te chu chu building siamtu brick te ber ang mai an ni. Dik tak chuan i ngaihtuah phak lo, kan taksaah hian cell tluklehdingawn 30 chuang a awm! Heng cell zawng zawng hi an inzawm khawm a, kan tissue leh organ te hi an siam chhuak vek a ni. A tlangpuiin cell pakhatah hian thil pawimawh pathum a awm a:

• Cell membrane: Hei hi cell venhimna fence, a nih loh leh gate ang a ni. Cell chhunga lut leh chhuak thei tur thutlukna siamtu leh thununtu a ni.
• Cytoplasm: Hei hi cell chhunga jelly ang chi liquid part a ni. Cell mamawh protein siam chhuah leh cell chhunga chemical process pawimawh tam tak thleng thin te hi he cytoplasm ah hian a thleng thin.
• Nucleus: Hei hi cell ‘control center’ emaw ‘brain’ emaw a ni. Kan genetic information, chu chu DNA (`DNA` - Deoxyribonucleic acid) hi he nucleus chhungah hian a awm ber a ni. Nucleus hian RNA (`RNA` - Ribonucleic acid) a siam bawk. He `RNA` hian `DNA`-a information awmte chu a copy a, cell-te chu an hnathawh leh an thanlenna atana an mamawh protein chi hrang hrang siam turin a pui a ni.

Tunah chuan cell chu eng nge a nih tih rough idea i nei ta.

Chuti a nih chuan, he cell thihna hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, cell thihna chu kan taksaa cell-te hnathawh tihtawp a, an hna an thawh zawh emaw, eng emaw chhan vanga a chhiat emaw avanga an thih hian a ni. Kan taksaa cell awmte hi siam mai mai a ni lo. An inthen darh reng a, cell thar an siam reng bawk. Hei hi ‘cell inthen darh’ (`Mitosis`) kan ti a ni. Mithiamte sawi dan chuan mihring cell hrisel tak chu hetiang hian vawi 50-60 vel a inthen thei a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan cell chu a upa a, a thi ta a ni.

Kan taksa hian cell hlui, chhe tawh leh thi mekte aiah cell thar a siam reng a ni. Thil hlui paih chhuah a, thil thar rawn luhtir ang mai a ni.

He natural cell thihna hian kan taksa hi a hrisel a, a thawk tha thei a ni. Mahse, he cell thihna hi beisei angin a thleng lo emaw, thi tur ni lo cell te chu an thih tan chuan harsatna a lo awm thin.

Engvangin nge kan cell te hi an thih? A chhan engte nge ni?

Cell thihna chhan hrang hrang a awm a. Ṭhenkhat chu pianpui an ni a, ṭhenkhat chu an ni lo. A chhan lian ber berte han thlir ila:

• Cell thenkhat chu an lo thang lian laiin an thi , an lo pian kim hmain.
• Cell hlui te chu an inthen theih tawh lohna kum an thlen chuan, chu chu an dam chhung a tawp tawh chuan an thi ta a ni. Hei hi thil kalphung pangngai a ni.
• Eng emaw ti taka siamthat theih loh khawpa chhia cell awm chuan an pianphungah an thi thin. Bawlhhlawh ang maiin taksaah an dah khawm thei lo.
• Natna te, hliam te, toxins te, leh enkawlna thenkhat te hian cell te a tichhe thei a, an thih phah thei bawk.

Tute nge cell thihna hlauhawm?

Dik tak chuan cell thihna hian min nghawng vek a – thil tha tak a ni fo bawk. A mak khawp mai, i vun hian ni khatah cell thi 40,000 vel a paih chhuak thin! Kan vun chunglam layer, epidermis , an tih hian heng cell thite aiah vun cell thar a siam chhuak reng a ni. Phên dangin sawi ila, he cell thihna hi thleng lo se chuan vun hrisel kan nei lo ang.

Cell thihna chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Cell thih dan azirin chi thum ah then theih a ni:

1. Apoptosis - Cell thihna tur ruahmanna siam

2. Autophagy - cellular recycle leh thihna

3. Necrosis - Accident avanga cell thi

Tunah chuan heng chi hrang hrangte hi chipchiar deuhin han sawi ila.

1. Apoptosis emaw programmed cell thihna emaw

Apoptosis hi pianphung atanga lo awm, ruahmanna siama cell thihna a ni . Hetiang karah hian cell te hian anmahni an tichhe vek a ni. Cell pakhat chu vawi tam ber a inthen hnuah, a inthen theih tawh lohna hmun a thlen chuan he process hmang hian a thi ta a ni (Apoptosis). He ruahmanna anga cell thihna hi kan taksa tan a hrisel hle a, beisei a ni.

He entîrna hi han ngaihtuah teh. Naute kut zungtang chu nu pum chhunga a lo pian hmasak ber hian an inkarah vun te tak te hmangin an inzawm khawm a ni. Duck ke ke ruh inkar vun ang maiin. Mahse naute a lo seilian chhoh zel chuan he ``Apoptosis'' kalphung hian chu kut zungtang inkara cell tul lo tak takte chu mumal takin a thi ta a ni. Chutah chuan kut zungtang te chu mawi takin an inthen a, kut zungtang hrang panga an siam ta a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, he ``Apoptosis'' hi a thleng dik lo a nih chuan engtin nge ni ang? Tichuan chu kut zungtang inkar vun chu a awm ang angin a awm thei ta a ni. Chu dinhmun chu ``Syndactyly'' kan ti a ni. En teh, a chang chuan heng cell te hi an thih a pawimawh thin.

`(Apoptosis)` hi thil thleng reng reng a ni. Hei hian kan taksa atanga cell hlui, chhe tawhte chu a paih chhuak a, cell naupang, hrisel tak takte tan hmun a siamsak a ni. Mahse, eng emaw chhan vanga he ruahmanna siam cell thihna hi a dik lo a nih chuan, chu cell hlui, chhia chu thunun theih lohvin an inthen tan ta a ni. Hei hi tumor leh cancer lo awm chhan lian tak a ni.

Tin, a chang chuan cell programming-a tihsual avang hian cell thi tur ni lo cell te pawh he ``Apoptosis'' process hmang hian an thi thei bawk. Entirnan, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease , emaw Alzheimer’s disease ang chi natna nei te tan chuan nervous system chhunga nerve cells (` `Neurons``) te chu an thi nasa lutuk thin. He cell thih hma hian ngaihtuahna leh chetna a nghawng thei a ni.

2. Autophagy emaw cellular recycling emaw a ni thei

Autophagy hi programmed cell thihna chi dang a ni. Mahse heihi chu a danglam bik. Taksa chu eng emaw zat stress, tension, emaw ei tur tlakchhamna a awm chuan a thleng tlangpui. Kan taksaa cellular level-a thleng ``recycling system`` ang mai a ni.

``Autophagy`` (chu chu ``mahni ei'' tihna a ni) kalpui danah chuan cell pakhat chuan a protein hlui, chhia, emaw, cytoplasm chhunga thil dang duh loh emaw chu a ``ei'' thin. Chumi hnuah chuan a chhe tawhte chu a recycle a, cell hnathawh pawimawh tak takte chu a thlawp a ni. I in chhunga thil hlui paih chhuah a, hman theih tur parts lak a, thil thar siam ang mai a ni.

Hetiang ``Autophagy'' kalphung hi a chang chuan a tangkai hle.

• Kan immune system hian natna thlentu virus leh bacteria ang chi thilte a tichhia a ni.
• Cell hrisel te chu cancer cell a nih loh nan a pui thei bawk.
• Hei hian harsatna dang lung natna te pawh a veng thei niin an ngai .

Mahse, a lehlamah chuan cancer i neih chuan he ``(Autophagy)`` kalphung hian a tichhe thei a ni. A chhan chu, he recycling process hian cancer cell te chu extra nutrients a pe a, chu chuan an than chakna a ti chak thei a ni. Chu mai pawh ni lovin, heng recycled cell te hian cancer enkawlna hmanga cancer cell tihchhiat a tibuai thei bawk.

Mi thenkhat chuan he ``Autophagy'' kalphung hi calorie tihtlem emaw, chaw nghei emaw hmangin tichak turin an bei a, chu chuan cell naupang, hrisel tak tak an siam chhuak thin. Mahse, hetianga artificially inducing ``Autophagy'' hi a hlawk tih sawi tur scientific evidence a la awm lo. Tin, ei leh in khap tlat hian hriselna atan a tichhe thei bawk.

3. Necrosis emaw, cell thih thut emaw

Necrosis hi Apoptosis emaw Autophagy emaw angin ruahmanna siam a ni lo. Accident emaw beisei loh emawa cell thihna a ni. Hei hian tissue thihna a thlen thin.A thleng thin. I kut emaw, i ke emaw-ah hliam na tak i nei niin han ngaihtuah teh. Chutih lai chuan cell hliamte chu a chhe vek a, a chhunga thil awmte chu a leak chhuak a, chu chuan an chhehvela cell hrisel tak takte chu a tichhe thei a ni. Hei hian a hring a, a sen a, a na a, a dangin cell dangte a tichhia a, a thih phah bawk.

A pawimawh ber chu, doctor-te chuan he tissue thi hi la chhuak thei mahse, ``necrosis`` avanga tissue thihna hi ``irreversible`` a ni.

Hetiang dinhmun, ``Necrosis,'' hi taksa peng thenkhata thisen supply leh oxygen supply tlahniam vang pawh a awm thei bawk. ``Necrosis'' hi kan thih hian cell te hian thisen, oxygen, leh nutrients te an dawn loh vang a ni.

`(Necrosis)` thlentu dang thenkhat chu:

• Accident leh hliam na tak (`Traumatic injuries`).
• Autoimmune natna te .
• Infection thlentu bacteria, virus leh fungi te.
• Poison, toxic substance leh dan loa ruihhlo hman.
• Cancer enkawlna tur radiation therapy ang chi te .

Necrosis chi hrang hrang

`(Necrosis)` hi a chhan leh taksa peng hrang hrang a zirin chi hrang hrang a awm a. A chi hrang hrang zingah chuan:

• Avascular necrosis emaw osteonecrosis (ruh tissue thihna) emaw a awm thei.
• Gangrene ( vun tissue thihna) .
• Pulp necrosis ( ha pulp thihna) .

Activation-Induced Cell Death (AICD) hi eng nge ni?

Hei hi thupui buaithlak tak a ni a, mahse a awlsam zawnga hriat a tha. Activation-induced cell death (AICD) hi cancer enkawlna chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy tih siam chhuahna atana harsatna awm thei a ni. Cancer cell thah puitu thisen var chi khat T-cells te chu a hun hmaa an thih hian a thleng thin.

`(CAR) T-cell therapy`-ah chuan doctor-te chuan hetiang hian an ti thin:

1. Leukapheresis hi damlo thisen atanga thisen var (T-cells telin) a tam lutuk lo pung te paih chhuahna a ni.

2. Tichuan heng T-cells te hi laboratory-ah activate a ni a, tihpun belh zel an tum a.

3. Heng lab-a seilian T-cells-ah hian genetic information thar dah belh a ni a, cancer cells an zawn chhuah theih nan leh an tihchhiat theih nan an thlak danglam thin.

4. A tawp berah chuan modified T-cells te chu damlo thisenah an lut leh thin. Chumi hnuah chuan cancer cells te chu an zawng chhuak a, an tichhia a ni.

Mahse, vanduaithlak takin heng T-cells te hi activate leh lab-a an lo thanglian hian a chang chuan he ``AICD'' cell thihna hi a thleng thei thin. Tichuan, cancer dona atana modified T-cell awm zat chu a tlahniam ta a ni.

Heng zawng zawng atanga kan hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

‘Cell thihna’ tih thumal hi hlauhawm deuhin a lang thei a, mahse tunah chuan hei hi kan taksaah hian a tam zawkah chuan a pianphung anga thleng thin a ni tih i hria a, kan hriselna atana pawimawh tak a ni

• Programmed cell death apoptosis tih hian cell hlui, chhia te chu a paih chhuak a, cell naupang, hrisel tak takte tan hmun a siamsak thin.
• Autophagy tih hmangin cell te hian an part te chu an recycle a, an thawk tha zawk thin.
• Mahse, necrosis ang chi accident avanga cell thihna hi a hlauhawm a, tissue tichhe reng thei a ni.
• Tin, a chang chuan `(Apoptosis)` leh `(Autophagy)` te pawhin cancer ang chi natna a thlen thei bawk.

Mahse, kan taksa hian cell chhia siam that leh thi tawhte thlak danglam kawngah a buai fo thin. Chuvangin he kalphung hi kan hriat chian a pawimawh hle. Hemi chungchangah hian zawhna leh ngaihtuahna i neih chuan doctor biak hreh suh.

` Cell thihna, cell, apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, taksa hnathawh, cell inthen darh