Kan nu leh pate hnen atanga kan rochun thilte hi kan thlak danglam thei lo niin kan ngai a ni lawm ni? Mit rawng, sam rawng, vun rawng, san zawng chauh ni lovin, natna thenkhat vei theihna tur pawh... Heng zawng zawng hi kan genes atanga lo chhuak a ni tih kan hria. Chuvângin, heng gene-te hi lunga phun, tihdanglam theih loh, kan thunun theih loh thil ang mai niin kan ngai a ni. Mahse... kan nunphung, kan ei leh in leh kan thil tih hmangin heng genes te "hnathawh dan" hi kan thlak danglam thei tih min hrilh a nih chuan mak i ti ang em? Hemi chungchang sawina scientific field thar ber leh mak ber chu Epigenetics a ni.
A awlsam zawngin, Epigenetics chu eng nge ni?
Hei hi scientific term ang deuhin a lang thei a, mahse a takah chuan concept hi a awlsam khawp mai. `Epigenetics` tih thumal hi han then ila. `Epi` tih hi Greek tawngin "a chunglam, a chhehvel, pawn lam" tihna a ni. `Genetics` hi genes science a ni. Tin, `Epigenetics` hi "genes chunglam" awm control chungchang a ni bawk.
Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh. I genes te hi i in chhunga light bulb ang mai a ni. Chu bulb te chu eng nge an nih leh khawiah nge an awm tih chu i thlak thei lo. I rochun thil an ni. Mahse, chu bulb chu on leh off loh tur switch chu i nei a ni. Chu bulb chuan dimmer switch a nei a, chu chuan a on leh off a ni mai thei.
Chutiang bawkin, `Epigenetics` hi kan taksaa genes te activate (on/off), emaw, an activity tihtlem (dimmed) leh tih loh, genes an tih light bulb thlak danglam ngai lovin, "chemical switch" system chungchang a ni.
Heng chemical switch te hi thil tam takin a nghawng a, chung zingah chuan kan nunphung te, kan ei leh in te, kan chenna boruak te, leh kan rilru hahna te pawh a tel. A chang chuan heng inthlak danglamna te hi kan taksa tan a tha a, natna lakah min veng a ni. A châng dangah chuan kan hrisêlna tichhe thei a ni.
Genes leh DNA hi eng nge ni tih tlem han inhriat nawn tir leh teh ang?
Hei hi hrethiam tur chuan gene leh DNA te hi tawi te tein han thlir hmasa ila.
I `DNA` sequence zawng zawng hi recipe book lian tak angin ngaihtuah rawh . He lehkhabu lian takah hian i taksaa cell tinte’n an hna dik taka an thawh theihna tura an mamawh thupek zawng zawng a awm vek a ni. Cell te hian he ``DNA`` lehkhabu hi ``chhiar`` hmangin tih tur leh tih dan tur an zir thin.
Kan taksaah hian cell tluklehdingawn tam tak a awm a. Vun cell, thinlung cell, thluak cell leh a dangte. Heng cell tin hian ``DNA'' recipe book pumpui copy a keng tel vek a ni.
Mahse, cell tin hian he lehkhabu pumpui hi an chhiar vek lo. A ngai lo. Ngaihtuah teh, vun cell hian hnathawh dan tur chu heart cell atanga thupek a mamawh lo. Cake hian sambol siamna recipe a mamawh lo ang bawkin.
Chu recipe bu lian takah chuan genes hi mimal recipe te chu a ni.Tan. Gene chu lehkhabu pakhata bung pakhat, hna bik thawk tûra hrilh che ang a ni. Chuvangin, vun cell hian vun atana instruction (genes) chauh a chhiar thin. Heart cell hian thinlung atana instruction chauh a chhiar thin.
`Epigenetics` hian a tih chu cell tin hian eng recipe nge an chhiar tur tih leh eng recipe nge an chhiar loh tur tih an rel thin. Recipe book phek thenkhatah "Use this now" tih leh page dang thenkhatah "Don't look at this now" tih sticker dah ang mai a ni.
Eng thilin nge kan Epigenome hi a nghawng?
`Epigenome` hi kan genes leh chu genes hnathawh dan control tu `chemical switches` atanga siam system a ni. A pawimawh ber chu he `epigenome` hi a ding reng lo. Hun kal zelah a danglam zel a, kan nuna thil thlengte nen.
Chûng inthlâk danglamnate nghawngtu thilte chu kan pian hma pawhin a inṭan a ni. A hnuaia table-ah hian eng nge an nih en rawh.
| Thiltihtheihna thlentu factor | Hrilhfiahna leh entirnan awlsam tak |
|---|---|
| Naupai laia nu dinhmun | Nu ei leh in, a rilru hriselna, leh a harsatna tawh ang chi thilte hian nausen pum chhunga naute genetic activity a nghawng thei a ni. |
| Naupan laia ei leh in leh thil tawn te | Nausen leh naupan laia ei leh in, nu leh pate hmangaihna, venhimna leh zir theihna hun remchangte hian epigenetic mark a siam a, chu chuan naupang hmalam hun hriselna a nghawng a ni. |
| Ei leh in | Puitling kan nih laia kan ei leh in, a bik takin processed foods, sugary drinks, leh fatty foods te hian nghawng tha lo tak a nei a, eitur tha tak tak, thlai, thei leh legumes te hian nghawng tha tak a nei thung. |
| Insawizawi | Taksa tihchakna hian hriselna tichaktu genes a tichak thei a, hrisel lo genes te chu a titawp thei bawk. |
| Environment toxins leh chemicals te pawh a awm thei | Lirthei exhaust, cigarette meikhu, plastic-a chemical (BPA) ang chi te, agrochemicals, leh heavy metals lead ang chi te nena inzawmna hian gene-ah chhinchhiahna tha lo tak a belhchhah thei a ni. |
| Rimtawng | Hun rei tak, stress lutuk hian kan taksa genetic function a tibuai thei a, natna engemaw zat a thlen thei bawk. |
| Zu leh ruihhlo | Zu, zuk leh hmuam leh ruihhlo dang hman hian kan epigenome chu direct-in a tichhe a ni. |
Eng natna nge epigenetics nena inzawm theih?
Scientist-te chuan he thil hi an la zirchiang mek a, mahse tuna hriat chhuah chu epigenetic changes hi natna engemaw zat nen a inzawm tih hi a ni.
- Cancer: Ngaihtuah teh, kan taksaah hian cancer cell te lo thang chak lohna tur gene kan nei a. Mahse he gene hi nunphung tha lo avanga ‘turn off’, chu chu silenced a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang? Cancer cell te hi thunun theih lohvin an thang lian theihna hun remchang pek an ni.
- Thluak natna: Epigenetic changes hi kum upa lam natna, Parkinson’s disease leh Alzheimer’s disease te bakah rilru lam natna thenkhat leh rilru lama harsatna nei te nen a inzawm tih finfiahna a awm.
- Metabolism: Zunthlum leh thau lutuk ang chi dinhmun hi kan genes hnathawh dan hian a nghawng a ni. Kan ei leh in hian heng genes te hnathawh dan hi a thlak danglam thei a ni.
- Kum upa lam: Heng ‘epigenetic’ chhinchhiahna te hian tar chakna leh a kaihhnawih natna te pawh a nghawng a ni.
- Immune system natna: Hengte hi `autoimmune` natna, Asthma leh arthritis te nen pawh a inzawm a, chu chu taksa immune system-in a cell a beih nana natna tihna a ni.
Hemi chungchanga zirchianna an neih chhunzawm zel avangin scientist-te chuan he ‘epigenome’ hi target tur damdawi leh enkawlna thar an hmuh theih an beisei.
Chuvangin kan epigenome hi a tha zawngin kan thlak thei ang em?
Ni e, a ti thei ngei ang!Chu chu chanchin lawmawm tak a ni. Kan rochun genes te hi kan thlak danglam thei lo nain, chu genes te hnathawh dan chu a tha zawngin kan nghawng thei a ni. Chutianga tih theihna tur kawng khat, chiang tak a awm loh laiin, scientist-te chuan a hnuaia thil tih hian ‘epigenetic’ lama inthlak danglamna \ha tak kan siam thei niin an ngai:
Mahni tana i tih theih thilte
- Chaw tha ei: In lama siam chaw tam thei ang ber, thlai, thei, green, whole grains, leh sangha te pawh telh bawk ang che. Ei tur packaged, processed, leh sugar tamna, oily foods te tihtlem.
- Nitin thil tihnaah exercise telh la: Ni khatah minute 30 tal kea kal, tlan, emaw cycle khalh ang chi thil ti rawh. Amaherawhchu, exercise la thar i nih chuan i doctor nena inbiak hmasak a pawimawh a, eng ang exercise nge i tana tha ber tih hriat a pawimawh.
- Zu khap la, zu in loh vek rawh: Hengte hi kan `DNA` leh `epigenome` direct-a tichhe thei thilte an ni.
- Stress enkawl dan: Meditation, yoga, music tha ngaihthlak, i hobby nuam tak tih te, leh i thian rintlak tak nena inbiakna te ang chi thil tih hian stress i tihziaawm thei a ni.
Nu leh pa i nih chuan i fate tana i tih theih tur thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:
Kan `epigenome` hian kan dam chhung kum hmasa berah hian inthlak danglamna a tawk nasa ber a, chuvangin nu leh pate tan chuan hei hi hriat a pawimawh hle.
- I fate chu ei leh in dik tak pe rawh: Hemi chungchangah hian naupang enkawltu doctor rawn rawh.
- I fate chu zir leh khelh theihna hun remchâng pe rawh: I fate chu biak la, lehkhabu chhiar la, thumal thar zirtîr la, thluak tichak thei infiamna hmanrua pe rawh.
- Hmangaihna leh himna hmun siam rawh: In lamah naupangin himna, hmangaihna leh ngaihsak a nihna hmun siam rawh.
- Ei leh in lama harsatna, in lama harsatna, a nih loh leh chhungkaw buaina ang chi harsatna i tawk a nih chuan doctor emaw, official dik tak emaw hnenah tanpuina dil rawh . Nang leh i fate mamawh puihna dawng turin an kaihruai ang che.
`Epigenetics` tih concept kan hriat hian kawng khatah chuan mak tihna, beiseina leh hlauhna tlem kan nei thei. Kan taksa chhunga thil thlengte kan ngaihtuah hian, chutiang thilte chu kan thunun theih loh ang maia kan inhriat hun a awm thin. Mahse `Epigenetics` chuan kan thunun theih loh thil awm mah se, kan hriselna chungchangah thutlukna siam thei tur leh inthlak danglamna tha tak siam turin thiltihtheihna engemaw zat kan nei tih min zirtir a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- I nu leh pate hnen atanga i rochun gene te chu i thlak thei lo nain, chu genes on/off dan chu i thlak thei a ni.
- I ei leh in, exercise, stress, leh i awmna hmun ang chi thilte hian i genes hnathawh dan a nghawng nghal vek a ni. Hei hi epigenetics an ti a.
- Heng inthlak danglamna thenkhat hi i hriselna atan a hlawkpui thei a, thenkhat erawh chuan cancer leh zunthlum ang chi natna a thlen thei bawk.
- Ei leh in tha tak ei te, exercise lak te, meizuk leh zu in loh te, leh stress control te hian i genes ah nghawng tha tak a nei thei a ni.
- Naupangin ei leh in leh enkawlna an dawn hian, a bik takin an nun tirh lamah hian hun rei tak chhung chu an hmalam hun hriselnaah nghawng a nei a ni.
- Hemi chungchanga zawhna dang i neih chuan i chhungkaw doctor nen inbia ang che.
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