I doctor hian nangmah emaw, i chhungte tu emaw hnenah ‘FISH test’ nei turin a ti em? Chu hming i hriat chuan tlemin i hlauthawng em, i hlauthawng deuh em? "Hei hi eng ang fiahna mak tak nge ni?"? Chutianga inhriat chu thil pangngai tak a ni. Mahse, lungkhamna tur a awm lo. I ngaihtuah angin a buaithlak lo a, hlauh tur pawh a ni lo. Vawiin hian he FISH test hi eng nge a nih, eng nge a zawn a, engtin nge a tih dan, awlsam takin, kan tawngin kan sawi dawn nia.
A hmasa berah chuan he FISH test hi eng nge ni?
A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, FISH hi specialized laboratory test a ni a, kan taksa cell chhunga gene leh chromosome-a inthlak danglamna emaw, tihsual emaw a zawng thin. Kan taksa genetic map kan enfiah ang mai a ni.
Hei hi tlem tal hrethiam zawk tur chuan kan taksa hi library lian tak angin han mitthla ila.
- Chromosomes: Chromosomes hi chu library-a lehkhabu dahna ang mai a ni. Mihring cell tin hian heng lehkhabu dahna pair 23 an nei vek a.
- Genes: Shelf-a lehkhabu awmte chu genes an ni. Heng lehkhabuah hian kan taksain a thawh theihna tura a mamawh instruction zawng zawng a awm vek a. Kan sam rawng, mit rawng, san zawng chauh ni lovin, kan taksaa hnathawh zawng zawng hi heng lehkhabu-a gene an tih thute hian a thunun a ni.
- DNA: Heng lehkhabu-a lehkha leh thumal inziak te hi DNA a ni. Chu chu kan taksa mamawh thupek kimchang tak chu DNA-ah a awm tihna a ni.
Tunah chuan he library-a lehkhabu (gene) thenkhatah hian phek bo (deletion), thenkhat dah belh (amplification), emaw, shelf pakhata awm tur lehkhabu pakhat chu shelf dangah sawn (translocation) a ni tih han ngaihtuah teh. Chutiang chu lo thleng ta se eng nge thleng ang? Taksain thupek a dawn chu a dik lo ang. Chutiang thupek dik lo avang chuan cancer leh genetic natna dang ang chi natna a lo chhuak thin.
FISH test hi "super detective" ang mai a ni a, coloured light hmangin genetic code-a khawiah nge a inthlak tih leh eng nge a inthlak tih chiang takin a hre thei a ni.
He FISH test hian engtin nge hna a thawh?
Methodology hi scientific deuh mahse, entirnan awlsam tak hmangin ka hrilhfiah ang che.
Lehkhabu lian takah sentence bik i zawn a ngai tih han ngaihtuah teh. Engnge i tih? Chu sentence chu i hmu a, highlighter rawng hrang hrang hmangin i mark a. Tichuan hmuh leh a awlsam tawh.
Hei hi FISH test-ah chuan a thleng thin. Lab-ah chuan scientist-te chuan i cell sample-a an zawn duh gene hmun bik nena inmil DNA chi hrang hrang an siam a. Chungte chu ‘probes’ an ti a. Tichuan, heng DNA piece siamteah hian fluorescent label an dah a. Hengte hi highlighter pen ang mai an ni.
A dawtah chuan i cell (thisen emaw tissue emaw ang chi) sample an la a, heng rawng hrang hranga ziak ‘probes’ te hi an dah tel bawk. Tichuan thil mak tak mai a lo thleng ta a. ‘Probe’ hian a nena inmil gene awmna hmun dik tak a zawng a, chu chu a hybridize ta a ni.
Tichuan, pathologist-in microscope bik (fluorescent microscope) hmanga a en chuan, chu gene segment-a ‘probes’ inzawmte chu êng rawng hrang hrang ang maiin an eng a, thimah arsi eng ang maiin an eng chhuak a ni.
- Cell pangngaiah chuan: Color light beisei zat chu hmun dik takah hmuh theih a ni.
- Cell pangngai lo takah: Beisei aia tam rawng i hmu thei (amplification), a nih loh leh i hmuh duh rawng i hmu lo mai thei (deletion), a nih loh leh rawng pahnih awm dun tur, mahse inhlat taka awm i hmu thei bawk (translocation).
Chu glowing light pattern chu enin doctor-te chuan i genes-a inthlak danglamna awm chu chiang takin an hrilh thei che a ni.
FISH test hian eng thil nge a zawn ber?
FISH test hi chhan hrang hrang avangin tih a ni ber. Genetic changes a hmuhchhuah theih dan leh a kaihhnawih natna te hi han thlir ila.
| Genetic variation hriat theih a ni | Ngaihtuahna mai mai a ni |
|---|---|
| Amplification tih a ni | Beisei aia tam gene copy neih. Lehkhabu phek khat vawi tam tak copy leh paste ang chi. Microscope hmanga en chuan rawng khata êng tam tak i hmu a. |
| Translocation tih a ni | Chromosome pakhata awm tur gene pakhat chu a inthen a, chromosome dang a zawm ta a ni. Lehkhabu pakhat atanga bung khat la chhuakin bung dangah paste ang mai a ni. Light rawng pahnih a inhnaih ai chuan an inhlat hle niin a lang. |
| Deletion a ni | Chromosome atanga gene section pakhat tihbo emaw, bo vek emaw. Lehkhabu phek khat phek chhuah ang mai a ni. Microscope hmanga en chuan êng rawng chi khat chu a awmna tur hmunah a lang tawh lo. |
Heng inthlak danglamna hmang hian eng natna nge hriat theih?
FISH test hi natna chi hrang hrang, a bik takin cancer hriatchhuahna atan leh enkawl dan tur ruahmanna siam nan a pawimawh hle.
- Cancer chi hrang hrang: 1.1.
- Breast Cancer: A bik takin, gene (HER2) amplification zawng rawh. Chutiang amplification a awm chuan chu gene chu a bik taka target treatment bik pek theih a ni.
- Leukemia: Acute leh chronic leukemia chi hrang hrang hriatchhuah.
- Lymphoma natna (Lymphoma) a ni
- Ruhro cancer (Multiple Myeloma) a ni a, a rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah em em bawk a.
- Lung, pum, leh bladder cancer te
- Nau neih hma leh nau neih hnua genetic conditions: Naute chu a pian hma emaw, a pian hnuah emaw test la, chromosomal abnormalities, Down syndrome ang chi a neih leh neih loh enfiah rawh.
- In vitro fertilization (IVF): Hetiang method hi embryo te hi in vitro fertilization (IVF) hmanga an transfer hmain chromosomal abnormalities test nan pawh hman a ni.
Engtin nge FISH test atan ka inbuatsaih ang?
He test atana i inbuatsaih dan hi i sample lak danah a innghat a ni. Hemi atan hian sample lak theih chi hrang hrang a awm a.
- Thisen Test: I doctor-in nangmah emaw, i fa emaw hian genetic condition i nei nia a rinhlelh chuan he test hi a hma ang bawkin thisen tlem te ei la, tih theih a ni. Hei hian inbuatsaihna bik a ngai lo.
- Prenatal Testing: Naupai laiin naute genes test a nih chuan doctor chuan ``amniocentesis'' tih test a ti ang a, chu chu nu pum atanga amniotic fluid tlemte lak a ni ang.
- Biopsy: Cancer rinhlelh a nih chuan tumor emaw bone marrow atang hian tissue te tak te te chu test nan lak chhuah a ni (a bone marrow biopsy). Biopsy lak hmain i doctor chuan a inbuatsaih dan tur a hrilh ang che, anesthesia a ngai a ni.
- Urine Test: A chang chuan zun sample hmangin bladder cancer hriatchhuah emaw, enfiah emaw a ni.
A pawimawh ber chu i doctor nen chiang taka sawiho la, eng ang sample nge i lak dawn tih leh chu chu engtin nge i inbuatsaih ang.
Test report dawn hnuah eng nge thleng?
FISH test result hmuh nan hian kar khat atanga kar li inkar a ngai tlangpui. Hemi hun hi i doctor chuan a hriattir lawk ang che.
A rah chhuah chu ‘positive’ a ni.A sawi chuan i cell sample-ah hian genetic emaw chromosomal abnormality engemaw zat a awm tihna a ni.
Hetiang result i hmuh hian hlauhna leh lungkhamna i neih hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, he result hi i dinhmun hriatthiamna chiang zawk neih theihna hun remchang a ni tih hre reng ang che. Tin, he thu hi a\ang hian i doctor chuan i tana enkawlna \ha ber, targeted treatment chu a rel thei ang.
Entirnan, he test hian cancer-a genetic mutation a hmuhchhuah chuan, chu mutation chu target turin targeted therapy pek theih a ni a, chu chuan side effect a tlem zawk a, a hlawhtling zawk bawk.
Chuvangin, a result ngaihtuah buai a, mahni chauha lungkham ai chuan, i doctor nen uluk takin inbia la, a awmzia leh a hnua i hmalakna tur chu chiang takin hrethiam rawh.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- FISH test hi test bik a ni a, i genes leh chromosomes inthlak danglamna te a enfiah thin. Hei hi hlauh a ngai lo.
- Hei hi i DNA-a thu pawimawh tak takte chu colored highlighter hmanga chhinchhiah ang a ni.
- He test hian cancer leh genetic condition dangte hriatchhuahna kawngah a pui hle a, enkawl dan tur ruahmanna siamnaah pawh a pui hle bawk.
- I doctor hnenah test atana inbuatsaih dan tur leh result hmuh theih nan eng chen nge a ngaih dawn tih zawt rawh.
- Test result eng pawh ni se, i doctor hnena zawhna emaw, ngaihtuahna emaw i neih apiang chu inhawng takin sawi rawh. Thu leh hla dik leh kaihhruaina i neih chuan eng dinhmun pawh i hmachhawn thei a ni.
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