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Hartmann-a Procedure chu eng nge ni? Ngaihtuah buai suh, awlsam takin sawi ila.

Hartmann-a Procedure chu eng nge ni? Ngaihtuah buai suh, awlsam takin sawi ila.

I doctor hian nangmah emaw, i chhungte zinga mi emaw hnenah "Hartmann's Procedure" tih procedure i neih a ngai tih a hrilh tawh em? Chu hming i hriat chuan hlauhna tlem i nei tawh mai thei. A tam hle mai. Mahse hei hi surgery pawimawh tak, nunna chhanhim tura tih a ni. Chuvangin vawiinah hian awlsam takin, a chungchanga zawhna leh hlauhthawnna i neih zawng zawngte chu paih bo vek turin i sawi ang u.

A awlsam zawngin Hartmann-a Procedure chu eng nge ni?

Kan digestive system hi tube sei tak angin han ngaihtuah teh. He tube tawp lam hi colon kan tih hi a ni. Hartmann procedure-ah chuan colon tawp natna leh chhia (sigmoid colon an tih) leh a chang chuan rectum thenkhat, bawlhhlawh dahna hmun chu lakchhuah a ni.

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, hei hi surgery lian tak (colectomy) thenkhat lakchhuahna a ni. Mahse, a specialty chu section pakhat lakchhuah a nih hnuah chuan intestine hmun dang pahnih chu a inzawm leh nghal lo.

Chu ai chuan surgeon chuan hetiang hian a ti zawk a ni:

1. Rectum nena inzawm intestine tawp chu sewn closed a ni.

2. I colon hrisel tak, chunglam atanga lo chhuak chu i pum vunah hawnna te tak te (stoma an tih) nen a inzawm a.

Tichuan, he hawnna pawnah hian colostomy bag dah a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan i bawlhhlawh chu i taksa atangin he bag chhungah hian a kal chhuak ang. Hei hi inthlak danglamna lian tak angin a lang thei a, mahse a tlangpuiin hun rei lote chhung atan a ni. I ril a dam hnuah thla 6 atanga thla 12 vel hnuah operation dang tih leh theih a ni a, bag chu la chhuakin i ril hmun hnih chu inzawm leh theih a ni.

Engvangin nge hetiang surgery hi neih a ngai?

Hartmann procedure tih a nih chhan lian tak pahnih a awm. Pakhat chu intestine thenkhat lakchhuah a ni. A dang chu colostomy bag dah a ni. Heng zawng zawng hi a chhan hrang hrang han thlir ila.

Engvangin nge intestine thenkhat chu cut chhuakin lakchhuah a nih?

Mi pakhat chu a hnuaia thil awmte avang hian a colon thenkhat lakchhuah a ngai mai thei:

  • Intestinal obstruction: Intestinal hmun thenkhat chu tumor, cancer emaw, thil dang emaw avanga block vek a nih chuan chu part chu lakchhuah a ngai dawn a ni.
  • Intestinal Perforation: Infection emaw accident emaw avanga intestine-ah khur a awm a, chu chuan ek chu pum chhungah a luang lut a nih chuan nunna atana hlauhawm a ni. Chuvang chuan a chhe lai chu lakchhuah nghal a ngai a ni.
  • Infection emaw natna emaw thunun theih loh: Infection thenkhat (entir nan, diverticulitis na tak) emaw cancer ang chi natna darh zel tur tihtawp nan chuan natna hmun chu paih vek a ngai a ni.

Engvangin nge colostomy bag hi dah a nih?

Intestine section pakhat lakchhuah a, a bak pahnih chu surgery khata inzawm leh chu "primary anastomosis" an ti. Mahse, chutiang ti tur chuan damlo dinhmun a tha hle tur a ni a, hri kai theihna a awm lo tur a ni.

Mahse Hartmann procedure hi emergency-ah tih a ni fo.Chu chu damloin a pum chhunga natna hrik emaw, inflammation emaw na tak a neih chuan a ni. Chutiang dinhmun hlauhawm takah chuan intestine peng hnih hi inzawmkhawm a nih chuan stitches te chu a dam tha lo thei a, stool chu a leak leh thei a, chu chuan thil a ti na zual thei a ni.

Chuvangin, surgeon-in a tih chu a harsatna nghal mai chu a hmachhawn hmasa a (natna hmun chu a paih chhuak) a, chu chu bowel chu a dam theih nan hun a pe a ni. Chu chu colostomy bag hian a ti thin. Tichuan, engkim a dam tawh chuan a hun takah a pangngaia a awm leh theih nan surgery dang neih theihna hun remchang a awm ta a ni.

Hartmann surgery tih chhan berte chu engte nge ni?

Damdawi lam harsatna engemaw zat a awm a, chu chu he operation hi tih ngai fo a ni.

Damdawi lam dinhmun Hrilhfiahna awlsam tak
Diverticulitis natna khirh tak a ni Intestine lian bang chhunga bawm te te chu natna hrik an kai a, an puak a, chu chuan natna chu pum chhung zawng zawngah a darh (peritonitis). Hei hi dinhmun pawi tak a ni.
Colorectal Cancer a ni a, a natna hi a ni He surgery hi emergency-ah tih theih a ni a, chu chu cancer natnain intestinal obstruction, perforation, emaw thisen chhuah tam lutuk a thlen hunah tih a ni thei.
Chhan dang Surgery hmasa lama hliam vanga intestinal obstruction, intestine-a thisen supply hloh, accident na tak, surgery hmasa atanga stitches leak ang chi te.

Engtin nge surgery hi an tih thin?

Hartmann-a surgery hi kawng hnih a tih theih a ni.

1. Open Surgery: Hemiah hian a pum chhungah incision lian deuh deuh siamin, pum chhung (abdominal cavity) hawn a ni.

2. Laparoscopic hmanga zai: 1.1.Hei hi "keyhole surgery" an ti bawk. Surgery hi pum chhunga incision te te tlemte hmanga tih a ni a, camera (laparoscope) leh special instruments te dah a ni bawk. Hetiang method hian scarring a awm tlem a, recovery time pawh a tawi zawk.

Mahse, i dinhmun a nasat dan azirin laparoscopic approach hmangin i tan thei a, chutah chuan i tih laiin open surgery-ah i inthlak thei bawk. Hei hi i surgeon-in a rel ang.

Surgery neih hmain eng nge thleng?

  • Surgery hma darkar 6-12 chhungin ei leh in kha bansan turin an ti ang che.
  • I dinhmun azirin i intestines tihfai nan in tur bik pek i ni thei bawk.
  • Damdawi inah i dah chuan i kut vein pakhatah IV catheter dah a ni.
  • Doctor chuan painkiller chu a hrilhfiah lawk ang che.

Surgery neih chhung hian eng nge thleng?

General anesthesia pek i ni dawn a, chuvangin engmah i hre lovang. Surgery hi darkar hnih atanga darkar li vel a ni thei. Surgeon chuan intestine natna hmun chu a la chhuak ang a, kan sawi tawh ang khan colostomy a siam ang a, a incision te chu a sew up ang.

Operation hnuah eng nge beisei tur?

Surgery hnuah recovery room-ah hruai hmasa phawt ang che. I dinhmun a nghet tawh chuan ward pakhatah sawn i ni ang.

  • Damdawi ina awm: A tlangpuiin ni 7-10 vel damdawi inah i awm a ngai dawn a ni.
  • Chaw: A tir lamah chuan liquid food chauh pek thin a ni. Zawi zawiin chaw pangngaiah an inhmelhriattir ta a ni.
  • Natna: Intravenous painkillers hi ni hmasa berah pek a ni a, chutah chuan tablet-ah thlak a ni.
  • Bowel function: Operation hnuah bowels hian hna a thawk leh theih nan ni engemaw zat a la ngai thei.
  • Colostomy Bag: A bik taka training nei nurse (stoma nurse) chuan a hman dan, a tihfai dan leh a thlak dan tur a entir ang che. Lungngai suh, i thiam theih nan hun engemaw chen a la ngai dawn a ni.

Engtikah nge ka haw theih ang?

  • I heart rate leh blood pressure ang chi thil a normal leh hunah.
  • Tumah puihna tel lova i tho thei a, i kal theih hunah.
  • Colostomy bag chhunga stool a leak tan chuan.
  • Pill hmanga natna control theih hunah.
  • Colostomy bag chu nangmah ngeiin i thlak theih hunah.

A hlauhawmna leh a nghawng tha lo awm thei te chu engte nge ni?

Surgery dang ang bawkin, hlauhawmna a awm a, hengte hi doctor nen sawiho a pawimawh hle.

  • Harsatna awm thei: Hliam natna, pneumonia, chhungril thisen chhuak, thisen zam, hernia siam, etc.
  • Side effects awm thei te:
  • Temporary intestinal dysfunction (Ileus): Operation hnuah chuan intestines hnathawh a tikhawtlai thei. Chumi ni atan chuan saline hmangin nutrition pek a ni.
  • Rectal discharge: Stool a chhuak lo a nih pawhin a chang chuan mucus ang chi tui a chhuak thei a, chu chu rectum hmun la awm atang hian a chhuak thei bawk.
  • Sexual function-a nghawng: A tam lo hle a, operation tihna hmuna nerve tihchhiat hian sexual sensitivity emaw function emaw a tidanglam thei a ni. Hemi chungchangah hian ngaihtuahna i neih chuan i doctor nen inhawng takin sawi rawh.

Colostomy bag hi lakchhuah leh theih a ni em? (Reversal Surgery tih a ni) .

Hei hi mi tam takin an harsatna lian ber a ni. Ni e, mi tam tak chuan hei hi a pangngaiah an hruai kir leh thei a ni.

Hartmann procedure atanga thla 6 leh thla 12 inkar ah i doctor chuan i hriselna a enfiah leh ang. I dam tha a, damdawi lam harsatna dang pawi tak i neih loh chuan, colostomy bag chu lakchhuah a, i intestine hmun hnih inzawm lehna tur operation dang tih leh theih a ni.

Mahse, mi thenkhat chuan he operation vawi hnihna hi an nei thei lo mai thei. Entir nan:

  • Cancer hian taksa peng dangah a darh tawh a nih chuan.
  • Natna khirh tak dang, thinlung natna emaw, lung natna emaw i neih chuan.
  • Kum upat emaw, thau lutuk emaw avanga operation dang i tih theih loh chuan.

I surgeon hi he thutlukna siamtu tha ber a ni.

Take-Home Thuchah a ni

  • A Hartmann’s Procedure hi hlauh tur a ni lo. Nunna atana hlauhawm thil, cancer emaw, natna kai na tak emaw atanga chhanchhuah nan an ti fo thin.
  • Colostomy bag hmanga nun dan thiam nan hun engemaw chen a ngai a, mahse a enkawl theih a ni. Hospital chuan i mamawh thurawn leh puihna a pe ang che.
  • A pawimawh ber chu mi tam zawk tan chuan hei hi hun eng emaw chen atana awm tur a ni. Thla engemaw zat hnuah operation dang an neih leh hnuah an dam leh theihna chance a awm.
  • Zawhna, hlauhna, rinhlelhna i neih apiang chu i doctor nen zalen taka inbiakna neih chu i dikna a ni.

Hartmann’s Procedure, colostomy, colostomy, colon surgery, colon cancer, diverticulitis, surgery, stoma tih te hi a ni

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Engvangin nge intestine thenkhat chu cut chhuakin lakchhuah a nih?

Mi pakhat chu a hnuaia thil awmte avang hian a colon thenkhat lakchhuah a ngai mai thei:

Engvangin nge colostomy bag hi dah a nih?

Intestine section pakhat lakchhuah a, a bak pahnih chu surgery khata inzawm leh chu "primary anastomosis" an ti. Mahse, chutiang ti tur chuan damlo dinhmun a tha hle tur a ni a, hri kai theihna a awm lo tur a ni.

Surgery neih chhung hian eng nge thleng?

General anesthesia pek i ni dawn a, chuvangin engmah i hre lovang. Surgery hi darkar hnih atanga darkar li vel a ni thei. Surgeon chuan intestine natna hmun chu a la chhuak ang a, kan sawi tawh ang khan colostomy a siam ang a, a incision te chu a sew up ang.

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Hartmann-a Procedure chu eng nge ni? Ngaihtuah buai suh, awlsam takin sawi ila.
Surgery neih a niJuly 7, 2026

Hartmann-a Procedure chu eng nge ni? Ngaihtuah buai suh, awlsam takin sawi ila.

I doctor hian nangmah emaw, i chhungte zinga mi emaw hnenah "Hartmann's Procedure" tih procedure i neih a ngai tih a hrilh tawh em? Chu hming i hriat chuan hlauhna tlem i nei tawh mai thei. A tam hle mai. Mahse hei hi surgery pawimawh tak, nunna chhanhim tura tih a ni. Chuvangin vawiinah hian awlsam takin, a chungchanga zawhna leh hlauhthawnna i neih zawng zawngte chu paih bo vek turin i sawi ang u.

A awlsam zawngin Hartmann-a Procedure chu eng nge ni?

Kan digestive system hi tube sei tak angin han ngaihtuah teh. He tube tawp lam hi colon kan tih hi a ni. Hartmann procedure-ah chuan colon tawp natna leh chhia (sigmoid colon an tih) leh a chang chuan rectum thenkhat, bawlhhlawh dahna hmun chu lakchhuah a ni.

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, hei hi surgery lian tak (colectomy) thenkhat lakchhuahna a ni. Mahse, a specialty chu section pakhat lakchhuah a nih hnuah chuan intestine hmun dang pahnih chu a inzawm leh nghal lo.

Chu ai chuan surgeon chuan hetiang hian a ti zawk a ni:

1. Rectum nena inzawm intestine tawp chu sewn closed a ni.

2. I colon hrisel tak, chunglam atanga lo chhuak chu i pum vunah hawnna te tak te (stoma an tih) nen a inzawm a.

Tichuan, he hawnna pawnah hian colostomy bag dah a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan i bawlhhlawh chu i taksa atangin he bag chhungah hian a kal chhuak ang. Hei hi inthlak danglamna lian tak angin a lang thei a, mahse a tlangpuiin hun rei lote chhung atan a ni. I ril a dam hnuah thla 6 atanga thla 12 vel hnuah operation dang tih leh theih a ni a, bag chu la chhuakin i ril hmun hnih chu inzawm leh theih a ni.

Engvangin nge hetiang surgery hi neih a ngai?

Hartmann procedure tih a nih chhan lian tak pahnih a awm. Pakhat chu intestine thenkhat lakchhuah a ni. A dang chu colostomy bag dah a ni. Heng zawng zawng hi a chhan hrang hrang han thlir ila.

Engvangin nge intestine thenkhat chu cut chhuakin lakchhuah a nih?

Mi pakhat chu a hnuaia thil awmte avang hian a colon thenkhat lakchhuah a ngai mai thei:

  • Intestinal obstruction: Intestinal hmun thenkhat chu tumor, cancer emaw, thil dang emaw avanga block vek a nih chuan chu part chu lakchhuah a ngai dawn a ni.
  • Intestinal Perforation: Infection emaw accident emaw avanga intestine-ah khur a awm a, chu chuan ek chu pum chhungah a luang lut a nih chuan nunna atana hlauhawm a ni. Chuvang chuan a chhe lai chu lakchhuah nghal a ngai a ni.
  • Infection emaw natna emaw thunun theih loh: Infection thenkhat (entir nan, diverticulitis na tak) emaw cancer ang chi natna darh zel tur tihtawp nan chuan natna hmun chu paih vek a ngai a ni.

Engvangin nge colostomy bag hi dah a nih?

Intestine section pakhat lakchhuah a, a bak pahnih chu surgery khata inzawm leh chu "primary anastomosis" an ti. Mahse, chutiang ti tur chuan damlo dinhmun a tha hle tur a ni a, hri kai theihna a awm lo tur a ni.

Mahse Hartmann procedure hi emergency-ah tih a ni fo.Chu chu damloin a pum chhunga natna hrik emaw, inflammation emaw na tak a neih chuan a ni. Chutiang dinhmun hlauhawm takah chuan intestine peng hnih hi inzawmkhawm a nih chuan stitches te chu a dam tha lo thei a, stool chu a leak leh thei a, chu chuan thil a ti na zual thei a ni.

Chuvangin, surgeon-in a tih chu a harsatna nghal mai chu a hmachhawn hmasa a (natna hmun chu a paih chhuak) a, chu chu bowel chu a dam theih nan hun a pe a ni. Chu chu colostomy bag hian a ti thin. Tichuan, engkim a dam tawh chuan a hun takah a pangngaia a awm leh theih nan surgery dang neih theihna hun remchang a awm ta a ni.

Hartmann surgery tih chhan berte chu engte nge ni?

Damdawi lam harsatna engemaw zat a awm a, chu chu he operation hi tih ngai fo a ni.

Damdawi lam dinhmun Hrilhfiahna awlsam tak
Diverticulitis natna khirh tak a ni Intestine lian bang chhunga bawm te te chu natna hrik an kai a, an puak a, chu chuan natna chu pum chhung zawng zawngah a darh (peritonitis). Hei hi dinhmun pawi tak a ni.
Colorectal Cancer a ni a, a natna hi a ni He surgery hi emergency-ah tih theih a ni a, chu chu cancer natnain intestinal obstruction, perforation, emaw thisen chhuah tam lutuk a thlen hunah tih a ni thei.
Chhan dang Surgery hmasa lama hliam vanga intestinal obstruction, intestine-a thisen supply hloh, accident na tak, surgery hmasa atanga stitches leak ang chi te.

Engtin nge surgery hi an tih thin?

Hartmann-a surgery hi kawng hnih a tih theih a ni.

1. Open Surgery: Hemiah hian a pum chhungah incision lian deuh deuh siamin, pum chhung (abdominal cavity) hawn a ni.

2. Laparoscopic hmanga zai: 1.1.Hei hi "keyhole surgery" an ti bawk. Surgery hi pum chhunga incision te te tlemte hmanga tih a ni a, camera (laparoscope) leh special instruments te dah a ni bawk. Hetiang method hian scarring a awm tlem a, recovery time pawh a tawi zawk.

Mahse, i dinhmun a nasat dan azirin laparoscopic approach hmangin i tan thei a, chutah chuan i tih laiin open surgery-ah i inthlak thei bawk. Hei hi i surgeon-in a rel ang.

Surgery neih hmain eng nge thleng?

  • Surgery hma darkar 6-12 chhungin ei leh in kha bansan turin an ti ang che.
  • I dinhmun azirin i intestines tihfai nan in tur bik pek i ni thei bawk.
  • Damdawi inah i dah chuan i kut vein pakhatah IV catheter dah a ni.
  • Doctor chuan painkiller chu a hrilhfiah lawk ang che.

Surgery neih chhung hian eng nge thleng?

General anesthesia pek i ni dawn a, chuvangin engmah i hre lovang. Surgery hi darkar hnih atanga darkar li vel a ni thei. Surgeon chuan intestine natna hmun chu a la chhuak ang a, kan sawi tawh ang khan colostomy a siam ang a, a incision te chu a sew up ang.

Operation hnuah eng nge beisei tur?

Surgery hnuah recovery room-ah hruai hmasa phawt ang che. I dinhmun a nghet tawh chuan ward pakhatah sawn i ni ang.

  • Damdawi ina awm: A tlangpuiin ni 7-10 vel damdawi inah i awm a ngai dawn a ni.
  • Chaw: A tir lamah chuan liquid food chauh pek thin a ni. Zawi zawiin chaw pangngaiah an inhmelhriattir ta a ni.
  • Natna: Intravenous painkillers hi ni hmasa berah pek a ni a, chutah chuan tablet-ah thlak a ni.
  • Bowel function: Operation hnuah bowels hian hna a thawk leh theih nan ni engemaw zat a la ngai thei.
  • Colostomy Bag: A bik taka training nei nurse (stoma nurse) chuan a hman dan, a tihfai dan leh a thlak dan tur a entir ang che. Lungngai suh, i thiam theih nan hun engemaw chen a la ngai dawn a ni.

Engtikah nge ka haw theih ang?

  • I heart rate leh blood pressure ang chi thil a normal leh hunah.
  • Tumah puihna tel lova i tho thei a, i kal theih hunah.
  • Colostomy bag chhunga stool a leak tan chuan.
  • Pill hmanga natna control theih hunah.
  • Colostomy bag chu nangmah ngeiin i thlak theih hunah.

A hlauhawmna leh a nghawng tha lo awm thei te chu engte nge ni?

Surgery dang ang bawkin, hlauhawmna a awm a, hengte hi doctor nen sawiho a pawimawh hle.

  • Harsatna awm thei: Hliam natna, pneumonia, chhungril thisen chhuak, thisen zam, hernia siam, etc.
  • Side effects awm thei te:
  • Temporary intestinal dysfunction (Ileus): Operation hnuah chuan intestines hnathawh a tikhawtlai thei. Chumi ni atan chuan saline hmangin nutrition pek a ni.
  • Rectal discharge: Stool a chhuak lo a nih pawhin a chang chuan mucus ang chi tui a chhuak thei a, chu chu rectum hmun la awm atang hian a chhuak thei bawk.
  • Sexual function-a nghawng: A tam lo hle a, operation tihna hmuna nerve tihchhiat hian sexual sensitivity emaw function emaw a tidanglam thei a ni. Hemi chungchangah hian ngaihtuahna i neih chuan i doctor nen inhawng takin sawi rawh.

Colostomy bag hi lakchhuah leh theih a ni em? (Reversal Surgery tih a ni) .

Hei hi mi tam takin an harsatna lian ber a ni. Ni e, mi tam tak chuan hei hi a pangngaiah an hruai kir leh thei a ni.

Hartmann procedure atanga thla 6 leh thla 12 inkar ah i doctor chuan i hriselna a enfiah leh ang. I dam tha a, damdawi lam harsatna dang pawi tak i neih loh chuan, colostomy bag chu lakchhuah a, i intestine hmun hnih inzawm lehna tur operation dang tih leh theih a ni.

Mahse, mi thenkhat chuan he operation vawi hnihna hi an nei thei lo mai thei. Entir nan:

  • Cancer hian taksa peng dangah a darh tawh a nih chuan.
  • Natna khirh tak dang, thinlung natna emaw, lung natna emaw i neih chuan.
  • Kum upat emaw, thau lutuk emaw avanga operation dang i tih theih loh chuan.

I surgeon hi he thutlukna siamtu tha ber a ni.

Take-Home Thuchah a ni

  • A Hartmann’s Procedure hi hlauh tur a ni lo. Nunna atana hlauhawm thil, cancer emaw, natna kai na tak emaw atanga chhanchhuah nan an ti fo thin.
  • Colostomy bag hmanga nun dan thiam nan hun engemaw chen a ngai a, mahse a enkawl theih a ni. Hospital chuan i mamawh thurawn leh puihna a pe ang che.
  • A pawimawh ber chu mi tam zawk tan chuan hei hi hun eng emaw chen atana awm tur a ni. Thla engemaw zat hnuah operation dang an neih leh hnuah an dam leh theihna chance a awm.
  • Zawhna, hlauhna, rinhlelhna i neih apiang chu i doctor nen zalen taka inbiakna neih chu i dikna a ni.

Hartmann’s Procedure, colostomy, colostomy, colon surgery, colon cancer, diverticulitis, surgery, stoma tih te hi a ni

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Engvangin nge intestine thenkhat chu cut chhuakin lakchhuah a nih?

Mi pakhat chu a hnuaia thil awmte avang hian a colon thenkhat lakchhuah a ngai mai thei:

Engvangin nge colostomy bag hi dah a nih?

Intestine section pakhat lakchhuah a, a bak pahnih chu surgery khata inzawm leh chu "primary anastomosis" an ti. Mahse, chutiang ti tur chuan damlo dinhmun a tha hle tur a ni a, hri kai theihna a awm lo tur a ni.

Surgery neih chhung hian eng nge thleng?

General anesthesia pek i ni dawn a, chuvangin engmah i hre lovang. Surgery hi darkar hnih atanga darkar li vel a ni thei. Surgeon chuan intestine natna hmun chu a la chhuak ang a, kan sawi tawh ang khan colostomy a siam ang a, a incision te chu a sew up ang.

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Comment a la awm lo. Hetah hian i comment hi a vawikhatna atan add rawh.

I comment kha add rawh

Khawngaihin chhut la: 3 + 9 =