I fa hian a ruh ah lump a nei em? HMO (Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas) chungchang hi i zir dawn teh ang!

I fa tê taksaah, a bîk takin an ke ruhteah chuan hnim hring te te i hmu tawh mai thei. A châng chuan hengte hi a na thei a, a hrehawm lo thei bawk. Don't worry , lumps zawng zawng hi a hlauhawm vek lo. Amaherawhchu, vawiinah hian heng symptoms langsar thei dinhmun kan sawi dawn a, chu chu a tam vak lo nain kan zavaia kan hriat chian a pawimawh em em a ni. Hetiang dinhmun hi HMO an ti a, chu chu `Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas` tihna a ni.

HMO (Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas) hi eng nge ni tak tak?

A awlsam zawngin, HMO hi genetic condition a ni . Kan genes-a inthlak danglamna tlemte, a nih loh leh mutation emaw, kan taksa thanlen dan tur tichiangtu blueprint bulpui emaw avanga lo awm a ni. He inthlâk danglamna hian kan ruh ṭhenkhatah chuan natna ṭha lo, a nih loh leh hlauhawm lo, tumor , damdawi lama kan tih chu osteochondroma , a siam a, chu chu a tam hle ṭan a ni. Hengte hi a takah chuan cancer an nih loh avangin ngaihtuahawm tur a awm lo.

He HMO hming dang a awm em?

Ni e, he dinhmun hi i zawn hian hming dang engemaw zat i hmu mai thei. Doctor-te chuan heng hmingte hi an hmang \hin:

• `Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas (HMO)` (tunah hian hei hi hman tlanglawn ber a ni) .
• `Multiple Hereditary Exostoses` (a hma chuan hei hi a hming tlanglawn ber a ni) .
• `Diaphyseal aclasis` tih a ni

Eng hming pawh hmang ila, damdawi lam dinhmun inang a ni. Chuvangin heng hming zinga pakhat i hmuh chuan buai suh, okay?

Chuti a nih chuan he osteochondroma hi eng nge ni?

Osteochondroma hi ka sawi tawh ang khan cancer ni lo, thu dangin sawi ila, benign, ruh natna a ni . Ngaihtuah teh, heng tumor te hi kan ruh chhunga cell te hi a tlangpuiin an lo thang lian ai chuan a danglam deuh, a pangngai lo deuha an lo thang tan hian a lo awm thin a ni.

Heng tumor te hi ruh flat surface-ah emaw, ruh tawp lama cartilage an tih flexible tissue-ah emaw a lo awm tlangpui a, chu chu growth plate an ti a, chu chuan naupangte chu a ti thang lian a, an ruhte chu a ti thang lian thei a ni. Heng tumor te hi cartilage cap in a khuh bawk. A pawimawh ber chu cancer an ni lo , chuvangin taksa pum puiah an darh lo. Chu chu thlamuanna ropui tak a ni lo maw?

He natna hi tuin nge nei thei ang? Engtiang chiahin nge a hluar?

Doctor te hian naupan lai emaw tleirawl lai emaw ah HMO hi an hmuchhuak tlangpui thin . Hmeichhia leh mipa naupangte pawh inang tlangin a nghawng thei a ni.

Mahse, HMO hi a awm fo lo . A tlangpuiin mi 50,000 zinga pakhat velin a nghawng a ni. Chuvangin i la hre lo a nih chuan mak a ti lo.

HMO hi eng thilin nge a thlen? Genetic link a awm em?

Ni e, HMO hi a bul berah chuan genetic disease a ni . Chu chu kan genes nen a inzawm tihna a ni.

HMO vei zaa 90 (90%) chuan `EXT1` emaw `EXT2` emaw an tih genes (heng genes te hi kan taksain protein pawimawh thenkhat siam dan tur hrilhtu kan `DNA`-a thupekte an ni) ah hian inthlak danglamna, emaw mutation , a awm chuan an vei thin. Vanduaithlak takin za zela 10 dang (10%) dangte nghawngtu genetic cause dik tak chu hmuhchhuah a la ni lo.

A tam zawkah chuan heng genetic mutations te hi nu leh pa atanga fate hnenah a inthlak thin . Chumi awmzia chu nu emaw pa emaw pawhin mutation a neih chuan naupang pawhin a nei thei tihna a ni. Mahse, HMO vei thenkhat chuan an nu leh pa zingah mutation nei an nei lo. Chumi awmzia chu chhungkuaa tumahin HMO nei lo mah se, a chang chuan mi tu emaw chuan a vawi khatna atan he natna hi a nei thei tihna a ni. Hei hi mutation thar an ti a.

HMO natna lanchhuahna chu engte nge ni? Eng ang thil nge i hmuh?

HMO hian ruh pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw-ah natna hrik a siam thei a ni . Heng lumps te hi osteochondroma an ti a. Chu bakah, symptoms te pawh i nei thei bawk:

• Ruh lian tham lo , kut hmawr ruh inthlak danglamna te pawh a tel. A châng chuan kut chu a sei deuhin a lang thei bawk.
• Ruh tliak leh growth plate tihchhiat fo thin.
• Limb sei zawng inang lo . Ke pakhat chu a dang aiin a tawi deuh emaw, a kut pakhat chu a dang aiin a tawi deuh emaw tih hi han ngaihtuah teh.
• Joint tha taka che thei lo, ruh a nghet lo tih hriat.
• Nerve pinched hi ruh spurs vang a ni thei a, chu chuan rilru hahna leh natna a thlen thei a ni.
• Premature osteoarthritis , chu chu kum naupan lai atanga ruhkawr te a hun hmaa vuah tihna a ni.
• Ankle emaw khup emaw harsatna, kal laiin na.
• Hun rei lote leh hun rei tak chhunga natna . He natna hi a chang chuan tuar harsa tak a ni thei.
• A sei zawng tawi .

Naupang thenkhat chuan heng tumor te hi thisen kalna emaw nerve emaw bulah an lo awm chuan natna an nei tam zawk thin. Mahse, a chang chuan heng tumor te hi natna nei lo leh lump ang maia lang thei an ni.

Pawimawh: I fa taksaah hetiang lumps i hmuh chuan, emaw, i fain ruh na a complain fo a nih chuan doctor pan rawh.

He HMO natna hi mi pakhat atanga mi dang kai theih em?

Ni lo, HMO hi natna hrik kai theih a ni lo . Chumi awmzia chu khawsik emaw, hnaih taka awm emaw, khawsik ang maia mi pakhat atanga mi dangah a darh lo tihna a ni. Genetic condition a ni vek a ni.

Mahse, HMO i neih chuan he natna thlentu gene mutation hi i fa hnenah i pass theihna chance 50% vel a awm .Awle. Chumi awmzia chu naupai apiangah 50% chance a awm tihna a ni.

Doctor-te hian engtin nge HMO dinhmun hi an hriat theih?

Nang emaw i fa doctor emaw chuan ruh chungah emaw, a bulah emaw lump a awm tih i hmu thei a, HMO symptom dang (e.g., swelling swelling, pain) emaw i hmu thei bawk. Doctor-te chuan a hmasa berin:

1. Chhungkaw damdawi lam chanchin ngun taka zawh . Chhungkaw zingah hian hetiang natna hi an nei tawh em tih enfiah.

2. Taksa enfiahna kimchang . Lump awm leh awm loh, a lian leh te, leh joint movement te enfiah.

Eng ang medical test nge tih thin?

Taksa enfiah hnuah doctor-te chuan HMO dinhmun finfiah nan imaging test neih an rawt tlangpui.

• A hmasa ber chu X-ray a ni fo thin . X-ray hmangin heng osteochondroma tumor te hi chiang takin a lang thei a ni.
• A châng chuan, tumor chungchâng hriat belh duh chuan, emaw, nerve ang chi thil a nghawng em tih hriat nân, heng test-te hi i tih a ngai mai thei bawk:
• `CT scan` tih a ni
• `MRI` (M.R.I.) tih a ni.

Heng test atanga information an hmuh atang hian doctor ten HMO neih leh neih loh an rel thin.

HMO hi engtin nge enkawl a nih? Eng nge duhthlan tur awm?

HMO enkawl dan hi mi zawng zawng tan a inang vek lo. I natna lan chhuah dan te, tumor awm zat te, an awmna hmun te, leh an nghawng danah a innghat a ni . Doctor-te chuan enkawl dan tur an rawt thei a, chungte chu:

• Tumor enfiah / fimkhur taka nghah: A chang chuan, tumor hian harsatna lian tham emaw, natna emaw a thlen loh chuan, doctor-te chuan tumor hi a lo thang lian em tih leh harsatna a thlen em tih en turin rei vak lo nghah a rawt mai thei. Hei hi "watchful waiting" an ti a.
• Natna enkawl dan: Natna a awm chuan a thunun nan damdawi (paracetamol emaw ibuprofen emaw) pek theih a ni. A châng chuan natna tidamtu chak zawk a ngai mai thei.
• Physical therapy: Physical therapist chuan ruh inzawmna (joint mobility) vawng reng tur leh taksa ruh tichak turin exercise a zirtir thin. Hei hian natna tihziaawmna kawngah pawh a pui thei bawk.
• Inzai:
• Tumor pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw lakchhuahna tur surgery: Tumor pakhatin tuar theih loh khawpa natna a thlen a, nerve a press a, ruh chetna a tibuai a, a nih loh leh tumor chu cancer a ni thei tih rinhlelhna a awm chuan operation hmanga lakchhuah theih a ni.
• Ke leh ke leh ke tha lo sei emaw tihdik emaw tur surgery: HMO avanga kut emaw ke emaw a tawi emaw, a inzawm emaw a nih chuan siamthatna tur special surgery a awm thin.

Enkawlna atang hian harsatna a awm thei em?

Mi thenkhat chuan osteochondroma tumor lakchhuahna tur operation an neih chuan hliam an nei thei a ni.Surgery dang ang bawkin, natna kai emaw, nerve tihchhiat emaw theihna a tlem hle. Mahse, doctor-te chuan heng hlauhawmnate hi tih tlem tumin theihtawp an chhuah a ni.

HMO dinhmun pumpelh dan tur a awm em?

Dik tak chuan HMO hi genetic condition a nih avangin venna tur engmah a awm lo .

Mahse, i chhungkuaa mi pakhatin HMO a nei tih i hriat a, fa i beisei a nih chuan, i naute hian he natna hi a rochun em tih hriat nan naupai laiin prenatal genetic testing neih i ngaihtuah mai thei. Entir nan:

• ``Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) lak a ni a, a man pawh a tlawm hle.
• `Genetic amniocentesis` tih a ni

Heng test te hian embryo hian HMO a neih leh neih loh hriat hmasak a pui thei a ni. A then phei chuan artificial insemination method (IVF ang chi) i hman chuan preimplantation genetic testing pawh hi a tha thei hle. Hemi chungchang hi i doctor nen sawiho la, a tam zawk hriat duh chuan.

Engtin nge ka fa hi HMO vei theihna hlauhawm a nih leh nih loh ka hriat theih ang?

Nang emaw, i pasal/nupui emaw, chhungkaw hnai tak emaw HMO in nei a nih chuan, naute pawh hi a hlauhawm thei a, i doctor hriattir a pawimawh hle.

Chhungkaw history a awm loh chuan naupangin HMO a vei theihna a tlem hle. Mahse, ka sawi tawh ang khan mutation thar vang pawh a ni thei a, chuvangin thil theih loh tluk a ni lo.

Ka fain HMO a neih chuan eng nge ka beisei theih ang?

I fain HMO a neih chuan naupang hrang hrangah a dinhmun a inang lo thei. Naupang thenkhat chuan osteochondroma tumor tlemte chauh an nei thei a, tumor tam tak an nei thei bawk.

Thu lawmawm tak chu , a tam zawkah chuan naupang thanna plate te khar hnuah, chu chu naupang san zawng leh ruh sei zawng a san tawh loh tihna a ni a, heng tumor te hi an thang tawh lo vang.

Mahse mi thenkhat tan chuan growth plate te khar hnuah pawh a lo lang leh thei. A tlem deuh a ni.

HMO hian symptom dang a thlen thei bawk. Naupang leh puitling ṭhenkhat chuan hahna , natna, leh an taksa tihchet emaw, hna thawh emaw harsatna an nei thei a ni.

HMO nei zawng zawng hian enkawlna an mamawh vek dawn lo. Mahse ṭhenkhat chuan operation emaw, physical therapy emaw an mamawh mai thei. Doctor-te chuan natna tihreh nan damdawi emaw, enkawlna dang emaw an rawt thei bawk.

Hetiang dinhmun hi eng chen nge a daih ang?

HMO hi dam chhung zawnga awm tur a ni . Chumi awmzia chu a dam kim thei lo tihna a ni. Mahse, heng benign osteochondromas vei tam zawk hi chuan dam rei zawng pangngai an nei .Nun theih a ni. A pawimawh ber chu a natna lan chhuah dan thunun a, a tul anga enkawl a, nunphung tha vawng reng hi a ni. I fa hrisel leh hlim taka awm theihna tura enkawl dan tur chungchangah i doctor nen inbiakna nei fo ang che.

Osteochondroma tumor hi cancer a ni thei em? Hei hi mi tam takin an hlauh ber chu a ni.

Hei hi zawhna pawimawh tak a ni tak zet a ni. Yes, very rarely , that is, very rarely , HMO vei te zingah osteochondroma tumor hi malignant a lo ni thei. HMO vei zinga 2% leh 5% inkar (chu chu mi 100 zinga 2 leh 5 inkar) chuan he cancer chi hi an vei thin. Chutiang a nih chuan heng benign tumor te hi ruh cancer- ah an chang a, chu chu `chondrosarcoma` emaw `osteosarcoma` emaw an ti a ni.

I doctor chuan osteochondroma hi cancer a ni thei tih a ringhlel thei a, chu chu:

• I fain a puitlin hnuah moles thar a nei a nih chuan , emaw, mole awm tawh chu a lo thang chak nghal vat a nih chuan.
• Tun hmaa natna nei lo osteochondroma chu a na nghal a nih chuan , emaw, natna awm tawh chu a na hle a nih chuan.
• Tumor chunga cartilage cap chu centimetre 2 aia thuk a nih chuan (hei hi MRI scan hmanga hmuh a ni).

Cancer natna tam tak chu surgery hmangin lakchhuah theih a ni. Cancer stage a zirin, a darh tawh leh (metastasized) a nih leh nih loh a zirin i fa hian enkawlna dang (chemotherapy emaw radiotherapy emaw ang chi) a mamawh lo mai thei. Chuvang chuan checkup neih reng a pawimawh.

HMO vei naupang enkawl dan tur? Nu leh pa kan nih angin eng nge kan tih theih?

I fain HMO a neih chuan i fate natna lan chhuah dan ngaihven a pawimawh hle .

• I fain symptoms thar eng emaw a neih chuan , a bîk takin a lump lian tham tak a inthlak thut a, a na a pung a, a rilru a buai a nih chuan i doctor hnenah hriattir nghal rawh.
• Doctor thupek (damdawi ei dan tur te, exercise lak dan tur te, test tura lo kal hun tur te) dik takin zawm rawh.
• I fa chu a na a nih chuan tuar chhuak suh. I doctor nen inbia la, a natna enkawl dan tur zawng rawh.
• I fa rilru hriselna pawh ngaihtuah bawk ang che. Hetiang dinhmun nena nun hi a chang chuan naupang tan chuan harsatna a ni thei. I fa nen inbia la, i fa chu thlawp rawh.

Ka fain HMO a neih chuan engtikah nge damdawi lam thurawn ka lak ang? Eng emergency nge ni?

I fa chu HMO a vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan a hnuaia thil thlengah hian damdawi lam thurawn la nghal rawh:

• Naupangin tumor thar a neih chuan .
• Lump chu a lian nghal vek ang tih i hriat chuan .
• Natna a lo zual thut a nih chuan emaw, natna thar, na tak a lo awm chuan (a bik takin puitlin hnuah).
• Lump awmna hmunVun a sen a, a hring a, a lum a nih chuan (hei hi natna kai chhinchhiahna a ni thei).
• Kut emaw ke emaw ah natna emaw chak lohna emaw i neih chuan.

Heng symptoms te hi ngaihthah suh. Doctor hmuh hma hian harsatna lian tham a thlen loh nan a veng thei a ni.

HMO vei naupangte hian autism an nei thei em?

Nu leh pa thenkhat chuan he thu hi an zawt ve bawk. Medical expert-te chuan naupang HMO vei leh `autism spectrum disorder` an tih natna vei engemawzat an report tawh a ni. Mahse, chu condition pahnih inkarah hian inzawmna chiang tak, direct tak a awm em tih erawh an la hre chiang lo. HMO thlentu genetic mutations (`EXT1`, `EXT2` genes) te hian autism lo awm chhan pawh a pui em tih zirchiangtute chuan an la zirchiang mek a ni. Tunah hian hemi chungchangah hian thutlukna nghet tak siam a la ni lo.

A tawp berah chuan i hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte

HMO hi `Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas` (a then chuan `Multiple Hereditary Exostoses` tia koh) tihna a ni a, hei hi genetic condition a ni a, naupang leh puitling naupangte ruh bulah leh growth plate-ah benign tumor (osteochondromas) a lo awm thin.

HMO hi dam chhung zawnga natna awm ni mah se, natna leh ruh inthlak danglamna a thlen thei a ni. Mahse, surgery, physical therapy, leh natna tihdamna ang chi enkawlna hian natna lan chhuah dan nasa takin a tiziaawm thei a, ruh chhiatna a siam tha thei a, nun tha tak i neih theih nan a pui thei bawk.

A pawimawh ber chu i fain heng symptoms a neih chuan hlauthawng emaw, hlauthawng emaw ni lovin, a rang thei ang bera doctor thiam tak pan hi a ni. Doctor nen zalen takin inbiakna nei la, i fain eng test nge a mamawh tih leh eng enkawlna tha ber nge tih chu rel rawh. I thlawpna leh hriatthiamna hi i fa tan he dinhmun hi hlawhtling taka a nunpui theih nan chakna ropui tak a ni ang.

` Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas, Multiple Hereditary Exostoses, Osteochondromas, Ruh Tumor, Genetic Diseases, Naupang Natna, Ruh Na