Thisen sugar sang i nei em? Hyperglycemia chungchang hi i zir vek ang u!

A chang chuan i rilru a hahdam lo ang maiin i inhria em? Chau mai mai nge, tuihal reng reng em? Hengte hi i thisen sugar level a sang deuh tih chhinchhiahna a ni thei. Vawiin hian he thisen sugar sang, emaw doctor-te'n ``Hyperglycemia'' an tih hi kan sawi dawn a ni.Lungngai suh, hei hi mi tam takin an neih a ni a, hriat reng a pawimawh hle.

Thisen sugar sang hian eng nge a awmzia? (Hyperglycemia) tih a ni.

A awlsam zawngin `(Hyperglycemia)` tih hian i thisenah sugar, a nih loh leh glucose a tam lutuk tihna a ni. Hei hi kan taksain insulin a neih tlem lutuk hian a thleng thin , emaw kan taksain insulin a hmang tha thei lo (hei hi insulin resistance an ti) .

Hyperglycemia hian zunthlum i nei tihna a ni fo . Zunthlum vei te hian thisen sugar level sang tak an nei fo thin. He thisen sugar level sang hi rei tak enkawl loh chuan i nerve, thisen kalna kawng, tissue leh taksa peng hrang hrang a tichhe thei a ni.

A châng chuan thisen sugar level a san lutuk chuan natna hlauhawm tak, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) tih chu a thlen thei a ni. Hei hi zunthlum vei insulin ei thinte tan leh type 1 diabetes hmuhchhuah lohte tan chuan a hlauhawm hle. Hei hian damdawi lam pan vat a ngai a ni.

Thisenah hian sugar engzat nge ‘high’ anga ngaih?

Hei hi tlem tal sawifiah ngai a ni.

• Zunthlum vei hmuhchhuah loh tan chuan darkar 8 tal chaw nghei hnua an thisen glucose level 125 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) aia sang a nih chuan ``Hyperglycemia'' anga ngaih a ni.
• Mi pakhatin chaw nghei a glucose level chu 100 mg/dL leh 125 mg/dL inkar a nih chuan prediabetes anga ngaih a ni. Chumi awmzia chu zunthlum vei theihna a sang hle tihna a ni.
• Fasting glucose level hi 125 mg/dL aia sang reng reng a nih chuan diabetes mellitus hi hmuhchhuah a ni tlangpui – a tam zawkah chuan hei hi type 2 diabetes a ni. Mite chu type 1 diabetes an vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan an thisen sugar level hi a sang hle (250 mg/dL aia tam) a ni tlangpui.

Zunthlum vei tan chuan chaw ei hnu darkar khat emaw darkar hnih emaw chhunga thisen glucose level 180 mg/dL aia tam chu ``Hyperglycemia.`` anga ngaih a ni.Mahse, heng value te hi i thisen sugar tum a zirin a danglam thei a ni. I thil tum dik tak hriat tumin i doctor nen inbia tur a ni.

Thisenah hian he ‘sugar’ (Glucose) hi eng nge ni?

Glucose, a nih loh leh ‘sugar’ mai mai hi kan taksa tana chakna petu ber a ni a, kan ei carbohydrates atanga lo chhuak a ni. Hei hi kan taksa chakna bulpui ber a ni. He glucose hi i thisen atanga i taksa cell tinah a kal a, chakna atan hman a ni.

Diabetes i neih loh chuan kan taksaa natural process engemaw zat hian thisen glucose level chu hrisel level-ah a awm tir thei a ni. Chutianga titu ber chu hormone insulin , kan pancreas siam a ni.

Thisen thlum sang hi insulin tlakchham vang emaw, insulin resistance tlakchham vang emaw a ni fo thin. Hei hi zunthlum thlentu a ni. Zunthlum vei te hian an thisen sugar level control nan damdawi (oral medication emaw synthetic insulin emaw) ei a ngai a,/ emaw nunphung tihdanglam a ngai bawk.

Hetiang dinhmun hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?

Hyperglycemia leh zunthlum hi a tam hle. Entirnan, America rama mi sawm zinga pakhatin zunthlum a vei a. Zunthlum vei zingah pawh thisen sugar sang hi a tam hle. Hetiang dinhmun hi tunah chuan kan ramah a hluar hle tawh a ni.

Thisen sugar sang hi eng symptoms nge ni?

Thisen sugar level a san chuan symptom lian tham i hmu nghal lo mai thei. Mahse, heng symptoms te hi zawi zawiin i hre tan mai thei.

Symptoms lang nghal vat thin:

• Tuihal lutuk (polydipsia) leh/ emaw riltam lutuk.
• Zun fo a ngai.
• Lu na (lu na).
• Tlem a fiah lo deuh.

Hun kal zelah sugar level a san chuan symptoms awm thin:

• Chau lutuk tih hriat mai mai.
• Weight loss (a chhan awm lovin).
• Hmeichhia hian vaginal yeast infection an nei tam zawk .
• Vun natna a awm thei .
• Hliam dam nan hun a duh thin.

Nangmah emaw, i fa emaw hian heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan doctor pan a, thurawn lak a pawimawh hle.

Zunthlum vei te hian an natna lan chhuah tan dan glucose level hi mi hrang hrangah a inang lo. Mi tam zawk chuan an thisen sugar 250 mg/dL aia sang a nih hma chuan symptom lian tak tak an nei lo. Mahse, zunthlum vei la hriat lohte chuan a hniam zawkah symptoms an nei thei a ni.

Insulin emaw, zunthlum damdawi dang emaw i ei chuan thisen thlum sang chhinchhiahna hmasa ber hriat chian a pawimawh a, i thisen sugar level enfiah fo a pawimawh. Enkawl loh chuan he natna (hyperglycemia) hian zunthlum ketoacidosis (DKA) a thlen thei a ni.Hei hian natna hlauhawm tak ketoacidosis an tih chu a thlen thei a ni. Hei hi insulin tlakchhamna leh ketones an tih thil tam lutuk avanga thisen acidic a nih lai a ni. Hei hian type 1 diabetes hmuhchhuah lohte pawh a nghawng thei bawk. Hei hi emergency a ni thei a, coma emaw, thihna emaw pawh a thlen thei.

Thil hlauhawm tak: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) natna lan chhuah dan:

• Nausea leh luak chhuak.
• Dehydration - taksaa tui hloh.
• Pum natna.
• Fruity rimtui tak thawk.
• Thâwk thuk, thawkrim tak emaw thawk rang (Kussmaul thawk) emaw.
• Thinlung thawk chak tak.
• Buaina leh ngaihtuahna buai (disorientation) a awm.
• Thil hriatna hloh.

Nang emaw i fa emaw hian heng `(DKA)` chhinchhiahna te hi i neih chuan damdawi lam tanpuina zawng nghal rawh!

Engvangin nge thisen sugar hi hetiang hian a pung? A chhante chu engte nge ni?

Thisen sugar sang chhan ber chu insulin tlakchham vang a ni. Hei hi insulin resistance vang emaw, insulin siamtu kan pancreas-a harsatna vang emaw a ni thei.

Hormone dangte pawhin thisen sugar sang a thlen thei bawk. Entirnan, cortisol ("stress hormone" tia hriat bawk) emaw growth hormone emaw secretion tihpun hian thisen sugar a tisang thei bawk.

Insulin laka inven theihna

Hyperglycemia thlentu ber chu insulin resistance a ni . Hei hi i taksa ruh, thau leh thin cell-te’n insulin an dawn that loh lai a ni.

I cell ten insulin an dawn that loh chuan i taksain i thisen sugar control nan insulin a mamawh tam zawk a ni. I taksain insulin a siam tlem chuan (a nih loh leh insulin i ei tlem chuan i thisen sugar level a sang chho thin.

Insulin resistance hi type 2 diabetes thlentu ber a ni. Amaherawhchu, zunthlum vei lo leh zunthlum chi dang nei te tan pawh a awm thei bawk. Hun eng emaw chen atan emaw, hun rei tak emaw pawh a ni thei.

Insulin resistance thlentu tlanglawn thenkhat:

• Thau lutuk: Scientist te chuan thau lutuk, a bik takin pum chhung leh taksa peng hrang hranga thau tam lutuk ( `visceral fat` kan ti) hi insulin resistance thlentu lian tak a ni an ti.
• Taksa tihchak lohna.
• Processed tam tak, carbohydrate tamna ei tur leh saturated fats ei tur.
• Damdawi thenkhat: Entirnan , corticosteroids, thisen sang damdawi thenkhat, HIV enkawlna thenkhat, leh rilru lam damdawi thenkhat. Hengte hian insulin resistance a thlen thei a, hun eng emaw chen emaw, rei tak emaw pawh nise, i ei rei dan azirin a ni.

Hormonial condition thenkhat hian insulin resistance a thlen thei bawk:

• Cushing’s syndrome (cortisol tihpun) a ni.
• Acromegaly (a thang chakna hormone tihpun).
• Naupai: Naupai lai hian nausen atanga hormone chhuak hian insulin resistance a siam thei a. Hei hian mi thenkhatah gestational diabetes a thlen thei a ni.

Inherited genetic condition thenkhat pawh insulin resistance nen a inzawm bawk:

• `Rabson-Mendenhall natna` tih a ni
• `Donohue syndrome` tih a ni
• `Myotonic dystrophy natna a ni` tih hi a ni
• `Alström syndrome` tih a ni
• `Werner syndrome` tih a ni

Pancreas lama harsatna nei

I pancreas a chhiat chuan insulin siamchhuah a tlahniam thei a, chu chuan hyperglycemia a thlen thei a ni. Pancreatic natna thenkhat, hyperglycemia leh diabetes thlen thei te chu:

• Autoimmune disease: Type 1 diabetes ah chuan i immune system hian i pancreas chhunga insulin siamtu cell te chu a chhan hriat lohvin a bei thin. Hei hian i pancreas hian insulin a siam thei tawh lo tihna a ni a, chu chuan hyperglycemia a thlen tihna a ni. Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) tih natna pawh hi autoimmune reaction vang a ni a, mahse type 1 diabetes aiin a lo thang zawi zawk.
• Chronic pancreatitis: He natna hian hun rei tak chhung pancreas a ti na a, chu chuan insulin siamtu cell te a tichhe thei a ni. Hei hian insulin tlakchhamna (hyperglycemia) a thlen thei a ni. Pancreatitis hi Type 3c diabetes thlentu hriat lar tak a ni .
• Pancreatic cancer: Pancreatic cancer hian insulin siamtu cell te a tichhe thei a, insulin tlakchhamna (hyperglycemia) a thlen thei a ni. Pancreatic cancer vei zinga 25% vel chu cancer hmuhchhuah hma thla 6 atanga thla 36 chhungin zunthlum an vei tih hmuhchhuah a ni.
• Cystic fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis vei te hian an pancreas ah hian mucus siam tam lutuk vangin scarring an nei thei a. Hei hian an pancreas-in insulin a siam chhuah zat a tihtlem a, hyperglycemia leh cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) a thlen a ni.

Hun engemaw chen chhunga sugar spike awm chhan

A then phei chuan zunthlum vei leh nei lote chuan thisen sugar level (hyperglycemia) chu rei lo te chhung atan a sang chho thei a ni.

• Taksa lama harsatna, natna emaw, operation emaw, hliam emaw ang chiteHei hian hun eng emaw chen atan thisen sugar a tisang thei a ni.
• Acute emotional stress , traumatic event emaw hnathawhna avanga stress emaw ang chi te hian thisen sugar level a tisang thei bawk. Hei hi hormone cortisol leh/ emaw epinephrine (adrenaline) tih chhuah vang a ni.

Zunthlum vei te thisen sugar sang thlentu chhan bik

Zunthlum vei te hian thisen sugar level sang an neih theih chhan hi chhan hrang hrang a awm a. Hei hi ei leh in leh zunthlum damdawi ang chi thil a inthlau a nih chuan a thleng thei a ni.

Zunthlum vei te zingah ``Hyperglycemia`` thlen thei dinhmun tlangpui:

• Insulin ei tlem te, insulin chi dik lo ei te, insulin expired ei te, insulin injection na hmuna harsatna (e.g., insulin pump hmangtu tan injection na hmuna harsatna) te.
• Insulin leh carbohydrate ei hun dik lo.
• Carbohydrates i ei zat hi i taksain insulin a siam chhuah zat emaw, insulin i inject zat emaw nen a inmil lo mai thei.
• I oral diabetes damdawi i ei tlem hle a ni.
• A tlangpui aia active lo zawk.
• Dawn phenomenon: Zingkar hmasa lama thisen sugar a san.

Thisen sugar a san zel chuan eng harsatna nge thleng thin?

Kum tam tak chhung thisen sugar level sang (chronic hyperglycemia) i neih chuan i thisen kalna kawng leh tissue te a tichhe thei a ni. Hei hian harsatna chi hrang hrang a thlen thei a ni. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu:

• Retinopathy, mit tichhe thei .
• Nephropathy, chu chuan kal (kidney) a nghawng a ni .
• Neuropathy, chu chuan nerve a tichhe .
• Gastroparesis, chu chuan pum chhunga thil hring chhuah a tikhawtlai .
• Lung natna .
• Thai .

Hriat reng tur pawimawh tak chu thil dang, genetic influence leh zunthlum i vei rei tawhna te pawhin zunthlum harsatna lo awm dan a nghawng thei bawk.

Thisen sugar sang tak leh na tak (acute hyperglycemia) chuan nunna atana hlauhawm tak , diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) tih chu a thlen thei a ni.

Engtin nge hei hi i diagnose?

Doctor-te chuan thisen test turin thupek an pe a, hyperglycemia a awm leh awm loh enfiah tur leh zunthlum vei an hriat theih nan. Heng test-ah hian:

• Chaw nghei glucose test neih thin.
• Glucose tolerance test a ni.
• A1c test a ni.

Zunthlum vei te hian an thisen sugar chu in lamah (glucose meter hmangin) an test thin. Hei hian an thisen sugar level a enfiah thei a, hyperglycemia a awm leh awm loh a enfiah thei bawk. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system i hman chuan i thisen sugar a san chuan a hriattir thei che a ni. Mahse, he technology hi a chang chuan a dik lo thei a, chuvangin CGM reading te hi i hriat dan nen a inmil lo a nih chuan glucose meter hmanga i thisen sugar enfiah a pawimawh hle.

Thisen sugar sang hi engtin nge kan control theih ang? (Tihdamna)

I zunthlum control nan insulin i ei chuan thisen sugar sang enkawl dan ber chu insulin inject hi a ni. Mi tinin insulin hi a zat inang lo tak tak kan mamawh a ni. Nang leh i doctor chuan i tan thisen sugar sang enkawlna leh venna tur dose tha ber chu i rel dun ang. Dietary change leh exercise plan hian i thisen sugar control nan leh hyperglycemia venna kawngah a pui thei bawk.

Type 2 diabetes vei, insulin ei ngai lote chuan an hyperglycemia chu nunphung thlak danglam (ei leh in leh exercise ang chi) leh zunthlum damdawi ei hmangin an control thei a ni. I tan eng ruahmanna nge tha ber tih chu nang leh i doctor in in rel ang.

Hetiang dinhmun nen hian eng ang beiseina nge i neih theih ang?

Hyperglycemia vei te tan prognosis chu an zunthlum zawng zawng an control that danah a innghat a ni.

Miin a zunthlum a thunun theih dan tur chu thil engemaw zatin a nghawng a:

• Hriselna lama rawngbawlna hmuh theihna.
• Diabetes chungchanga zirtirna dawn theihna.
• Diabetes management technology leh damdawi hman theihna.
• Ei leh in hrisel leh exercise lama hmanraw tangkai tak tak hmuh theihna.
• Hmangaihte hnen atanga tanpuina.
• Rilru hriselna dinhmun (e.g. lungngaihna, lungkhamna).
• Taksa hriselna dinhmun dangte.

Hun rei tak chhunga hyperglycemia hian harsatna lian tak a thlen thei a, heng harsatnate hi a let leh theih loh fo bawk. Zirna engemaw zatah chuan hun rei tak chhunga hyperglycemia enkawl loh chuan dam rei zawng a ti tawi a, nunphung a tichhe bawk.

A pawimawh ber chu zunthlum vei hian nun hrisel takin i nung thei tih hriat hi a ni. Hêng thilte hi thlirna ṭha neih nân a pawimawh hle a ni:

• Nunphung a inthlak danglam thin.
• Exercise neih fo thin.
• Ei leh in lama inthlak danglamna.
• Thisen sugar enfiah fo (a bik takin insulin ei thinte tan).

Zirna hrang hrangah chuan zunthlum vei te chuanA1C level 7% hnuai lam vawn reng chuan harsatna awm theihna a ti tlem thei a ni.

Thisen sugar sang fo thin hi engtin nge kan ven theih ang?

Vanduaithlak takin zunthlum i neih hian thisen sugar level sang lutuk hi pumpelh vek a harsa hle. Mahse, thisen sugar level sang lutuk tihtlem tumna atan i diabetes management plan-ah inthlak danglamna i siam thei a ni.

Hei hi i thisen sugar sang chhan chu nang leh i doctor-in in hriat chian hnuah tih a awlsam zawk. I thisen sugar a san apiangin i doctor hnenah a theih ang anga chipchiar takin pe rawh. A châng chuan buaina chinfelna chu i damdawi ei hun, i ei hun, a nih loh leh exercise i tih hun tihdanglam ang maia awlsam a ni thei.

Heng step te hian thisen sugar sang venna kawngah a pui thei a ni:

• I damdawi zawng zawng chu a pek angin ei vek rawh.
• Diet leh exercise chungchanga doctor thurawn zawm rawh.
• I thisen sugar kha enfiah fo thin ang che.

Thisen sugar sang chungchangah engtikah nge doctor i hmuh ang?

Zunthlum i vei a, thisen sugar sang tak i neih fo chuan i zunthlum enkawltu doctor pan rawh. I management plan siamrem turin a pui thei che a ni. Hei hian i damdawi ei dan, ei tur ruahmanna, a nih loh leh exercise tih dan tihdanglamna a huam thei a ni.

Engtikah nge Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ah i kal ang ?

`(DKA)` (e.g. luak chhuak leh tuihal lutuk leh thisen sugar sang) i neih chuan emergency room-ah kal nghal rawh. `(DKA)` ah hian damdawi lam pan vat a ngai a ni.

Thisen sugar sang (Hyperglycemia) leh thisen sugar hniam (Hypoglycemia) te hi eng nge an danglamna?

• Hyperglycemia hi thisen sugar tihpun a ni. "Hyper-" tih awmzia chu "sang" emaw "a aia tam" emaw tihna a ni.
• Hypoglycemia hi thisen sugar tlahniam a ni. "Hypo-" tih awmzia chu "low" tihna a ni.

Zunthlum vei zingah Hyperglycemia hi a hluar hle. I thisen sugar enfiah fo leh zunthlum doctor hmuh hian i zunthlum leh hyperglycemia a enkawl thei a ni. Thisen sugar sang hi i tih reng tur a ni lo tih hre reng ang che. Chumi laka invenna tur thil i tih theih a awm tih hria ang che. I zunthlum enkawlna avanga harsatna i neih chuan i doctor nen inbia ang che. In thawhhona chuan in management tumte thlen theihna tur ruahmanna in siam thei a ni.

Take-Home Thuchah a ni

Chuvangin, kan sawiho tawh atang hian thisen sugar sang, a nih loh leh ``Hyperglycemia'' tih hi eng nge a nih, a chhan, a natna lan chhuah dan leh a control dan tur i hrethiam tur a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan doctor pan hi a ni. A hmaa hmuhchhuah a nih a, uluk taka enkawl a nih chuan nun hrisel, hlim tak i hmang thei ang.

• I thisen sugar level kha fimkhur rawh.
• Damdawi pek chu dik takin hmang rawh.
• Ei leh in hrisel tak ei rawh .
• Exercise neih fo thin ang che.
• Stress tihziaawm tum ang che .

Heng thilte hi dik taka i tih chuan ``Hyperglycemia`` leh zunthlum avanga harsatna awm thei laka invenna kawngah nasa takin a pui ang che. Nangmah chauh i ni lo va, he zinkawngah hian tanpui thei tur che mi tam tak an awm bawk.

` Hyperglycemia, zunthlum, thisen sugar, insulin, symptoms, DKA, Insulin Resistance