Naupan laia chickenpox i vei lai khan i nu leh pate'n, "I kai leh tawh ngai lovang" an tih thin kha i hre reng em? A nih loh leh, measles vei tawh chuan a vei leh tawh ngai lo vang tih i hre tawh mai thei. A nihna takah chuan chu thawnthuah chuan thudik tam tak a awm. Kan taksa hian natna a do a, chu indonaah chuan hnehna a chan hnuah chuan chu natna hriatrengna chu a vawng reng thin. Chu chu natural immunity kan tih mai chu a ni. Kan taksa chhungah superhero nei ang mai a ni. Vawiin hian he superhero chungchang hi i hriatthiam theih tur awlsam takin kan sawi dawn a ni.
A awlsam zawngin, he natural immunity hi eng nge ni?
Kan taksa hi kulh lian tak ang maiin han ngaihtuah teh. He kulh pawnah hian hmelma (i.e., virus, bacteria, etc.) te chuan beih an nghak reng a. Hmelma pakhat chu engtin emaw takin he kulh chhungah hian a lut a nih chuan, i.e., kan damlo a nih chuan kan taksa chhunga sipai, i.e., immune system , chu indona atan an inpeih ta a ni.
He sipai hi an fing hle mai. He hmelma tihchhiat nan hian ralthuam bik an siam mek a ni. Heng ralthuamte hi antibodies kan ti a . Heng antibodies te hian chu natna hrik te chu an do a, an tichhia a, min ti hrisel a ni.
Mahse thawnthu hi chutiang chuan a tawp lo. Chutah chuan thawnthu dik tak chu a intan a ni.
He indona a zawh hnu hian kan immune system-a sipai pawl bik, memory cells , an tih chuan hmêlma hmasa pianzia, a chipchiar zawng zawng chu an hre reng a ni. Hmelma thlalak an la a, an vawng reng ang maiin an che thin. Scientific lamah chuan chu hrik chunga chhinchhiahna chiang tak chu an hre reng a ni. Antigen an ti a ni .
Heng memory cells te hian natna atanga kan dam leh hnuah pawh kan taksa hi an patrol chhunzawm zel a. An hna awm chhun chu hmelma hlui lo kir leh tur en reng hi a ni. Chuvangin, ni khat chu chu hrik hlui tho chu kan taksaah luh a tum leh a nih chuan, heng hriatrengna cell-te hian an hmuh veleh an hre nghal a, sipai zawng zawng hnenah, "Hmelma hlui chu a lo kir leh ta!" Tichuan kan immune system chuan antibody te chu a hma aia chak leh chak zawkin a siam a, natna engmah min thlen hmain natna hrik chu a tichhia a ni. A tam zawkah chuan kan hre lo.
Kan huana hnim buaithlak tak kan lak chhuah ang bawkin a pianzia kan hre reng thin. A lo seilian leh chuan buaina siamtu tho a ni tih kan hria a, rang takin kan la chhuak a, a dik em? Chutiang chuan heng memory cell te hian hna an thawk a ni.
Chuvangin i hmu em, natural immunity hi pek mai mai a ni lo. Natna do a, hneh a, chu thil tawn hriatrengna hmangin kan taksain a nei a ni .
Kan immune system-a invenna line lian pahnih
Kan taksa defence system, immune system hi hmunpui pahnih ah then theih a ni. Defense ring pahnih ang mai a ni.
| Immune chi hrang hrang | A awlsam zawngin a thawk thei. |
|---|---|
| 1. Pianpui atanga invenna (Inte Immunity). | Hei hi kan line of defense hmasa ber a ni . Kulh bang ang mai a ni. Kan vun ang chi thil te, kan hnar leh kan kawr chhunga mucus membrane te hi hei hi a ni. Chungte chuan taksaa hrik lut tur a veng a ni. Engtin emaw tak natna hrik a luh chuan he system chhunga cell (natural killer cell ang chi) te hian rang takin an kal a, an do thin. Mahse, hriatrengna an nei lo. Hmelma zawng zawng hi inang tlangin an enkawl a ni. A chang chuan he insual hian natna a tidam thin. A hlawhtlin loh chuan special force an ko lut thin. |
| 2. Adaptive Immunity a ni | Hei hi kan special force te hi a ni . Sawi tawh ang khan hmelma hriat thiam, target leh hriatreng thiam tak an ni. He force-a sipai lian ber chu T-cell leh B-cell te an ni. A hmaa kan sawi tawh memory cell te kha he group-a super hero te hi an ni. Hmelma hlui pakhat hre thuai a, inbeihna bul tantu an ni. |
Mi tam zawk chuan he immunity chi hnihna hi "natural immunity" tiin an sawi a, a chhan chu chu natna a lo awm hnua chu natna atana hriatrengna bik siamtu a nih vang a ni.
Natural immunity chungchanga thil dang pahnih
He natural immunity hi kan neih dan azirin hmun hnih ah then belh theih a ni.
1. Natural Active Immunity a awm thei
Hei hi kan sawi rei tawh chu a ni. "Active" tih awmzia chu kan taksa hian he immunity siam turin active takin hna a thawk tihna a ni. Chu chu kan damloh hian keimahni taksa chakna (immune system) hian nasa takin hna a thawk a, antibodies leh memory cells a siam a, chu immunity chu a siam ta tihna a ni. Sum hmuh tumin kan thawkrim ang mai a ni.
2. Natural Passive Immunity hmanga invenna (natural Passive Immunity) a ni
"Passive" tih hian kan taksa hian hetah hian immunity siam turin a thawkrim lo tihna a ni. Chu ai chuan kan tan thilpek a ni zawk.Chumi entirnan tha ber chu nu atanga naupangin immunity a dawn hi a ni.
- Naupai lai: Nu taksaa antibody tam tak chu nausen (placenta) kaltlangin naute hnenah a kal chhuak thin.
- Pian hnu: Nau hnute i pek chuan i naute pawhin nu hnute hmangin antibody hlu tak tak a dawng bawk ang.
Chutianga immunity a neih chuan naute chu a taksa hriselna a lo thanglian that hma loh chuan natna laka a humhim thei dawn a ni. Mahse hei hi hun eng emaw chen atan a ni. Mi pakhat hnen atanga pawisa loan lak ang mai a ni. Hun engemaw chen hnuah chuan chu antibody te chu a bo vek ang.
He natural immunity hi eng chen nge a awm?
Hei hi natna a zirin a danglam thei a, i taksa hriselna a zirin a danglam thei bawk.
- Lifelong immunity: Natna thenkhat, vawi khat i neih tawh chuan i kai leh tawh ngai lovang. Entirnan , measles leh hepatitis A te hi a ni.
- Short-term immunity: Natna dang pawh a awm a, chu chu natural immunity hi rei lo te chauh a ni. Hei vang hian kan nunah hian common cold , influenza (flu) , leh COVID-19 ang chi natna hi vawi tam tak kan vei thin.
Engvangin nge chu chu? A chhan chu heng virus te hi an finthlak hle a ni. An hmel an thlak danglam reng (mutate). Tichuan kan hriatrengna cell te hian an hre thei lo. Rukru pakhatin hmul leh sam a ti sei a, inthuam danglam tak a rawn kal ang bawkin hriat a harsa hle.
Natural immunity nge vaccine pek? Eng nge tha zawk?
Hei hi mi tam takin zawhna an neih a ni. Natural immunity leh vaccine atanga lo chhuak immunity te hi "active immunity" chi khat an ni. Chu chu, a pahnih hian kan taksa hian antibodies leh memory cells a siam chhuak tihna a ni. Mahse hei hi a chhan chu a dang a ni.
| Mihring ziarang | Natural immunity a ni | Vaccine atanga invenna (immunity) a awm |
|---|---|---|
| Ti per | Hriselna dik tak chu taksaah a lut a , natna tak tak a thlen thin . | Taksa tana hrik (germ emaw protein chak lo, tihhlum) peng hlauhawm lo tak pek. Natna a thlen lo . |
| Himna | Natna i kai hnuah a chang chuan a na hle a, harsatna a awm a, chutah chuan i dam hnuah immunity i nei ta a ni. Hei hi zinkawng hlauhawm tak a ni . | Natna khirh tak neih theihna tur hlauhawm lovin him takin immunity i nei thei a ni. |
A awlsam zawngin natural immunity neih tur chuan natna i neih a ngai a ni. Mahse natna thenkhat, entirnan, polio, measles, leh whooping cough te hian i vei chuan nunna atana hlauhawm harsatna emaw, thihna hial emaw a thlen thei a ni. Chuvangin, natna khirh tak i neih hma nghah a, a lo awm zel tur nghah ai chuan, vaccine lak a, chu immunity chu him taka neih chu a finthlak fo thin .
Khawtlang pakhata mi tam tak chu pianpui emaw, vaccine hmanga natna laka him lo an nih chuan chu natna darh zel chu a tawp ta a ni. Hei hi herd immunity kan ti a ni . Hei hi tih theih dan him ber leh tha ber chu vaccine pek hi a ni.
COVID-19 leh natural immunity chungchang hi a bik takin sawi ila
COVID-19 hripui leng nen chuan mi tam takin he natural immunity chungchang hi an sawi tan ta a ni. "COVID ka vei a, tunah chuan ka kai leh tawh lo ang" tih ngaihtuah thin an awm. Mahse doctor kan nih angin COVID-19 laka natural immunity chauh rinchhan hi kan thlawp lo tak zet a ni . Chutiang a nih chhan hi eng emaw zat a awm.
- COVID-19 hi hriat lawk theih loh natna a ni: He hripui hian mi pakhat a nghawng dan tur dik tak chu tumahin an sawi lawk thei lo. Ṭhenkhat tân chuan khawsik tlêm tê ang maiin a lang thei a, ṭhenkhat tân chuan pneumonia na tak, damdawi ina dah, leh thihna thlengin a thlen thei bawk. Thla tam tak emaw kum tam tak emaw chhunga awm thei harsatna a awm bawk a, chu chu hun rei tak chhunga COVID . Chuvangin chutiang risk la a, immunity nghah chu awmzia a nei lo.
- Virus hi a danglam reng a: Covid variant Delta leh Omicron ang chi te kha i hre reng mai thei. Hetianga virus a mutate hian variant pakhat atanga natural immunity i hmuh hian variant dang lakah a venghim lo mai thei. Mahse vaccine hi variant thar awm theihna turin update reng a ni.
- Autoimmune natna vei theihna: Zirchianna thenkhatah chuan COVID-19 kan vei hian kan taksain autoantibodies a siam chhuak thin tih an hmuchhuak.Hengte hi kan cell hrisel tak takte beitu antibodies an ni. Hei hian autoimmune natna vei theihna a siam a ni. Research-ah chuan vaccination leh heng autoantibodies chi hrang hrangte hi inzawmna a awm tih a chiang lo.
Chuvangin COVID-19 i lo vei tawh a nih pawhin, a him ber chu i Doctor nen inbia a, vaccine lak hi a ni. Vaccine hian natna khirh tak, damdawi ina dah, thihna hlauhawmna awm lovin immunity chak tak a pe thei che a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Natural immunity hi natna tak tak leh kan taksain a do theih dan hriatrengna a ni. Hei hi kan taksain theihna mak tak a nei a ni.
- Natna \henkhat (measles ang chi) hian damchhung invenna a pe a, thenkhat (common cold, Covid ang chi) te chuan hun eng emaw chen invenna a pe bawk.
- Natural immunity neih tur chuan natna i neih hmasak a ngai a ni. Natna thenkhat hi a nasat em avangin hei hi a hlauhawm em em a ni.
- Vaccine hi natna khirh tak hlauhawmna awm lovin him tak leh rintlak taka immunity neih theihna kawng tha ber a ni.
- Natural immunity chauh rinchhan loh tur, a bik takin COVID-19 ang natna chungchangah hian. I doctor nen vaccine lak chungchang sawipui la, he natna hi i lo vei tawh a nih pawhin.
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