Nang pawhin heng painkillers te hi i addicted em? Opioid Use Disorder chungchang hi han sawi ila!

Vawiin hian thupui sensitive deuh, mahse pawimawh tak mai kan sawi dawn a ni. Painkiller chi hrang hrang, fimkhur hle tur a awm tih i hre tawh mai thei. Hengte hi opioid an ti a . I hman dik loh chuan, chu chu Damdawi lam thurawn tel lova i ei tam lutuk emaw, thil dang atana i ei chuan i hriat loh pawhin i ruihhlo ngawih ngawih thei tihna a ni. Hei hi Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) kan tih chu a ni.

A awlsam zawngin, Opioid Use Disorder chu eng nge ni?

Doctor pakhatin natna engemaw zat atan opioid a pe che tih han ngaihtuah teh. Mahse, a zat tur aia tam i ei a, a nih loh leh hun bituk aia rei i ei bawk. Hun engemaw chen hnuah chuan ruihhlo tel lo chuan i nung thei tawh lova, ei ngai ang maiin i inhria a, i ei loh chuan i rilru hahdam lo leh harsatna i nei thin. Hei hian nitin i thiltih te, chhungte nena in inlaichinna te, i hnathawh te leh thil dang zawng zawngah nghawng a nei tan thin. A awlsam zawngin, hei hi i opioid hman dan chu a thunun theih loh a, i nunah harsatna a thlen hun a ni.

Hei hi degree hrang hrangin a thleng thei bawk. Mi thenkhat chuan symptoms na lo tak tak an nei thei a , thenkhat chuan symptoms moderate an nei thei a , thenkhat chuan symptoms na tak tak an nei thei bawk . Nun chhung zawnga natna (chronic) a ni thei bawk . Chuvang chuan hriat chian a, inenkawlna zawn hmasak a pawimawh hle.

Heng opioid te hi engte nge ni?

Opioids hi damdawi pawl pakhat a ni a, naturally occurring (Opiates) leh chemically produced (Opioids) te pawh a ni a, natna tiziaawmtu a ni. Kan nerve cell-a thawkin natna tihziaawmna turin hna an thawk a ni.

Doctor-te chuan hengte hi accident hnua natna nasa tak, operation hnua natna, leh a chang chuan hun rei tak chhunga natna awm thei tur ang chi thil atan an pe thin. Entir nan:

• `Oxycodone a ni` tih a ni
• `Oxymorphone` tih a ni
• `Morphine` tih a ni
• `Codeine` tih a ni
• `Fentanyl` tih a ni

Heng bakah hian Morphine atanga siam Heroin pawh hi dan loa ruihhlo a ni a, he category-ah hian a tel ve bawk.

Heng opioid te hian natna a tiziaawm mai bakah mi thenkhatah hlimna leh hahdamna (euphoria) a siam bawk. Hun kal zelah damdawi dose pawh tihpun a ngai a, chutiang bawka relief ( tolerance ) hmuh theih nan. Hei vang hian addiction risk a sang hle.

Mahse hre reng ang che, he damdawi hi doctor-in a tih angin hun rei lote chhunga ei apiang chu addict an ni vek dawn lo. Instruction dik taka i zawm chuan addiction hlauhawmna a tlem hle.

Addiction leh dependence hi eng nge a danglamna?

Heng pahnih hi a buaithlak deuh a, mahse hriatthiam a pawimawh.

Opioid dependence chu i taksain ruihhlo a hman thiam hunah a ni. Chumi awmzia chu hun kal zelah i dose ei kha a hlawk lo (tolerance) emaw, damdawi i ei tawh loh chuan withdrawal symptoms, nausea, vomiting, leh taksa na te i nei tihna a ni.Withdrawal symptoms a awm thei.

Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) hian a ti thui zawk a ni. Hetah hian ruihhlo hman dan i hman dan hian i nunah harsatna a thlen a, mahse i thunun thei lo. Hei hian taksa lama innghahna leh rilru lama innghahna a huam thei bawk. Chumi awmzia chu damdawi chuan i ngaihtuahna, i rilru put hmang leh i thiltih chu a luah khat a, chu chu ei duhna (craving) nasa tak i nei tihna a ni.

Hei hi tuin nge dawng? Engtiang chiahin nge a hluar?

Opioid hmansualna hi tu pawhah a awm thei a, kum, hnam, mipa leh hmeichhia, khawtlang dinhmun thliar lovin.

Prescription opioid painkillers ei thin zinga 3% leh 19% inkar chuan he natna hi an nei thei niin an chhut. Heng damdawi te hi hmuh a harsat chuan mi thenkhat chuan thil awlsam zawk, heroin ang chi lam an pan thin. Hei hian he natna hi a hlauhawm zia a tilang chiang hle.

Khawvel pumah mi maktaduai 20 chuang, leh United States-ah maktaduai 3 chuang zetin he natna hi an vei a ni. Ram thenkhatah chuan hripui a lo ni ta a ni. Heng opioid te hi khawvel pumah kum tin mi 100,000 chuang thihna thlentu a ni.

Opioid hmansualna (symptoms) chu engte nge ni?

American Psychiatric Association-in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) a tarlan dan chuan, he natna vei tu emaw hian heng natna lan chhuah dan thenkhat hi a lantir thei a ni:

• Opioids hi a pek aia tam emaw, a pek aia rei emaw ei.
• Opioid ei duhna emaw, duhna emaw nasa tak.
• Use tihtlem emaw control emaw tum mahse a hlawhchham.
• Khawtlang emaw, mimal emaw inlaichinnaah harsatna thlen mahse damdawi hman chhunzawm zel.
• Opioid zawng, hman, emaw, dam lehna atana hun tam tak hman.
• Opioid hman avanga hnathawhna hmun, sikul, in lama mawhphurhna hlen chhuah theih lohna.
• Thil pawimawh dang tih loh emaw tihtlem emaw.
• Taksa lama hlauhawm takah pawh opioid hman (e.g., lirthei khalh laiin).
• Taksa emaw rilru emaw lama harsatna nei chung pawha opioid hman chhunzawm zel, chu chu opioids te ngei atanga lo chhuak thei a ni.
• Hun a kal zel a, chutiang bawka effect ( tolerance ) neih theih nan dose sang zawk a ngai a ni.
• Damdawi ei tawh loh (opioid withdrawal syndrome) emaw, chutiang harsatna pumpelh nan opioid emaw chutiang chi emaw ei laia lungawi lohna.

Heng symptoms zinga pakhat emaw pahnih emaw i nei nia i hriat chuan a rang thei ang bera damdawi lam pan a pawimawh hle.

Opioid i ei tawh loh chuan withdrawal symptoms engte nge awm?

Taksa lama opioid i innghah chuan, tihtawp nghal mai chuan heng harsatnate hi a thlen thei a ni:

• Taksa zawng zawngah natna
• Chills, khawsik
• Pum a na
• Mitmeng (dilated pupils) a awm
• Restlessness, tihbuai
• Hlauhthawnna
• Nausea, luak chhuak
• Chakna
• Heart rate leh thisen sang a sang
• Thawmhnaw hak
• Mu thei lo

Engtin nge mi pakhat chu he natna hi a addicted theih?

Hei hi chhan hrang hrang a awm a. A buaithlak deuh.

• Opioids hian thluak chemistry a nghawng a: Opioids hian kan thluaka center te chu a tichak a, chu chuan nuam tihna leh lawmman ang chi thilte a thunun a ni. An ei chuan neurotransmitter `endorphins` an tih chu a chhuak a. Hei hian natna a tiziaawm a, hlimna a siam bawk. Damdawi nghawng a reh chuan chu hlimna pawh chu a bo ta vek a ni. Tichuan chu hlimna chu hre turin damdawi chu ei leh duhin i inhria a. Taksa lama innghahna hi kar 4 atanga kar 8 chhung pawhin hun rei lote chhungin a awm thei.
• Opioids exposure leh an awm dan: Exposure hi painkillers prescription hmanga tihpun a ni a, chhungte emaw thiante emaw hman a ni a, a chang chuan heroin ang chi ruihhlo dan loa hman a ni bawk. A chang chuan, dan anga ruihhlo hmuh ai chuan dan loa ruihhlo hmuh a awlsam zawk. Tunah chuan ruihhlo tam takah heroin, cocaine leh pill thenkhat anga hralh hian opioid hlauhawm tak fentanyl hi a tam thei hle. Chûngte chu nunna atana hlauhawm a ni thei.
• Genetic leh biological factors: Research atanga a lan dan chuan eng damdawi pawh addiction neih theihna 40% atanga 60% vel chu genetic factors vang a ni. I chhungte hnai ber (nu leh pa, unau) tu emaw chuan he natna hi a neih chuan nang pawhin i vei theihna a sang zawk.
• Rilru hriselna leh damdawi lam thil dang: Zirchianna atanga a lan dan chuan rilru natna nei zinga a chanve vel chu ruihhlo ngawlvei vei an hlauhawm a, ruihhlo ngawlvei zinga a chanve vel chu rilru natna vei an hlauhawm hle. Entirnan, depression , anxiety disorders , ADHD, bipolar disorder, leh PTSD ang chi dinhmunte hian hei hi a nghawng thei a ni. Tin, taksa natna, natna khirh tak tak nei te pawh hi opioid hmansualna (opioid use disorder) vei theihna an nei thei bawk.
• Naupan laia thil tawn \ha lo (ACEs): Nu leh pa leh fate inlaichinna \ha lo, chhungkuaa tharum thawhna, naupang tihduhdahna, leh nu leh pate lung ina tantir te pawh hi ruihhlo hman hlauhawmna tipungtu a ni.

Engtin nge hei hi i hriat chian?

Hei hi hriat theihna tur test pakhat mah a awm lo. Doctor chuan i medical history leh opioid i hman dan te uluk takin a enfiah ang. Damdawi test, prescription drug monitoring record leh thil dang tam tak pawh an hmang thei bawk.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) hi a hmaa kan sawi tawh DSM-5 symptom pahnih tal a awm chuan hriat theih a ni .

• 2-3 a nih chuan: Mild OUD
• Symptom 4-5 a awm chuan: OUD a tlem
• 6 aia tam chhinchhiahna: OUD na tak

Enkawlnate chu engte nge ni?

Vanneihthlak takin he natna hi enkawlna tha tak tak a awm a. Mahse, enkawl dan tur chu mi hrang hrangah a inang lo thei. Hei hi hun rei tak chhunga awm a nih avangin dam lehna leh natna lo lang leh tur venna atan enkawl chhunzawm zel a pawimawh hle.

Enkawl dan hrang hrang a awm a:

• Outpatient-te hnena counselling pek a ni
• Outpatient enkawlna nasa tak a awm
• Hun rei lote chhunga chenna in enkawl
• Hun rei tak chhunga therapeutic community, ruihhlo hmang lo community ang chi te

Chung zinga a hlawk ber chu damdawi leh counselling (Medication-Assisted Treatment - MAT) inkawp hi a ni.

OUD tan hian rilru lam enkawlna (psychotherapy) a ni

Hemi atana hman thin psychotherapy method lian ber chu Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) a ni. Hetah hian rilru lam doctor emaw counselor emaw chuan i ngaihtuahna leh i rilru put hmang chu thuk takin a sawi a. I ngaihtuahnain i thiltih a nghawng dân hrethiam tûrin an ṭanpui che a ni. Hemi hmang hian ngaihtuahna leh nungchang hrisel lote chu thlak danglamin ngaihtuahna leh tih dan hrisel tak tak siam turin an pui che a ni.

OUD tan mahni invenna programme hrang hrang

`Narcotics Anonymous` ang chi self-help group-a tel pawh hi enkawlna atana puihna ropui tak a ni. Chûngte hmang chuan mi pakhatin a dinhmun a hrethiam thei a, mi dangte hnênah thiltawn a sawi chhuak thei a, hmasawn tûrin a ṭanpui thei bawk.

OUD damdawi hman tur

He natna enkawlna atana pui thei damdawi thenkhat chu thluak chemistry thlak danglamin a pui thei a ni. Hengte hian duhthusam a tihziaawm thei a, withdrawal symptoms a tihziaawm thei a, opioids euphoric effects pawh a block thei bawk.

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-in a pawmpui damdawi chi thum a awm a, chungte chu:

• `Methadone` : Hei hian withdrawal symptoms leh cravings a ti tlem a ni. Specialized clinic atanga lak theih chauh a ni.
• Buprenorphine : Hei hian opioids te nghawng a titawp a, withdrawal symptoms leh cravings te a ti tlem a ni. Pill angin emaw, thla tin injection angin emaw ei theih a ni.
• `Naltrexone` : Hei hian opioid atanga hlimna i hmuh chu a block a ni. Pill angin emaw, thla tin injection angin emaw ei theih a ni.

Enkawlnaah hian harsatna a awm em?

Vanduaithlak takin OUD vei chu enkawl tan atanga kar li chhung leh enkawlna a chawlhsan hnu kar li chhungin thihna a sang ber a ni.

A chhan chu a hmaa an hman thin dose ang chiah kha ei an tum a, mahse taksain a tuar theihna a tlahniam avangin a dose a sang lutuk a, overdose a thlen thei a ni.

Engtin nge hei hi i pumpelh theih ang?

• Nangmah emaw, i chhungte zinga tu emaw chuan natna enkawlna i mamawh a nih chuan, i doctor nen non-opioid pain reliever emaw, enkawlna dang emaw chungchang sawipui rawh.
• Opioid i pek tawh chuan i doctor-in a hrilh ang chiah chiah, a pek zat leh a pek hun chhungin ei rawh. Extra dose ei loh tur. Pills te chu tichhia suh, tikehsawm suh, tihthianghlim suh.
• Damdawi chunga innghat anga i inhriat chuan, emaw, a dose pek hian i natna a thunun loh chuan, nangmah chauhin dose hi tipung ngai suh. Doctor hnenah hrilh nghal rawh.
• I damdawi hi midang hnenah share ngai suh. Naupangte hmuh theih lohna hmun him takah dah thin ang che.
• Enkawlna atanga opioid la awm i neih chuan him takin paih rawh. (I damdawi dawrah i zawt thei ang.)
• I fate hnenah opioid hlauhawmzia leh thupek ang chauha hman a tulzia sawipui rawh.

Enkawlna pek loh chuan eng nge thleng? (Prognosis) tih a ni.

Enkawl loh chuan OUD result a tha lo fo thin. OUD na tak nei te chu:

• Hliam tlu leh car accident ang chi te.
• Thisen atanga natna hrik `Hepatitis B (HBV), `Hepatitis C (HCV),` leh `HIV` te hi sharing needle hmanga kai theih a ni.
• Tân ina tantir theih a ni.
• Opioid hman tam lutuk.
• Opioid overdose avanga thihna.
• Mahni intihhlum.

OUD vei thihna rate hi mipui zawng zawng aiin a let 10 in a sang zawk a ni.

Mahse, OUD hi enkawl theih a ni tih hre reng ang che. Mahse, OUD vei mi 4 zinga 1 chauhvin professional treatment an dawng thin.

Damdawi hmanga enkawlna (MAT) hian opioid hmanna, overdose avanga thihna leh natna hrik darh zel te a ti tlem a ni. Social functioning leh treatment retention a tipung a ni.

Opioid overdose hian eng symptoms nge a neih?

Overdose hi mi pakhatin opioid a ei tam lutuk hian a thleng thei a, a nih loh leh opioid nena damdawi dang a ei hian a awm thei bawk. A lan chhuah dan chu:

• Chhân lêt lohna, hriatna hloh.
• Thâwk lak a slow emaw, a tawp emaw.
• Mit chhunga mitmeng dum (black pupils) te hi a te hle (`pinpoint pupils`).
• Snoring emaw, kawr atanga thawm lo chhuak emaw.
• Vun lum, clammy tak a ni.
• Blue hmui emaw kut zungtang emaw.

Chutiang dinhmunah chuan hmalak vat a ngai a ni. Overdose-in a nghawng chu `Naloxone` (brand name `Narcan®` tia hriat fo) tih chu pek a nih chuan a tidanglam nghal thei a ni. Amaherawhchu `Naloxone` pek a nih pawhin damdawi lam pan vat a ngai a ni.

I hriat miin hetiang harsatna a neih chuan engtin nge i tanpui theih ang?

I hmangaih mi pakhatin OUD a vei tih hriat chu thil harsa tak leh lungngaihthlak tak a ni thei. Chutiang mi tanpui nan thil i tih theih thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Thu sawi hmasa rawh: OUD vei chuan enkawlna a hmuh hma chuan a tha zawk. I ngaihtuahnate chu sawipui la, enkawlna zawng turin pui rawh.
• Khawngaihna nen enkawl rawh:I pawm lo a nih pawhin an thusawi chu ngun takin ngaithla la. An thusawi i ngaihthlâk tam poh leh an ring zual ang che.
• Dawhthei rawh: He harsatna hi inbiakna pakhat emaw, thiltih pakhat emaw hmanga chinfel theih beisei suh. OUD hi natna khirh tak, hun rei tak chhunga awm thei a ni.
• Nangmah pawh ngaihtuah teh: OUD vei chhungte leh ṭhiante pawhin lungngaihna, lungngaihna, lungngaihna, leh mahni chauha awm an nei thei bawk. Nangmahni rilru hriselna pawh ngaihtuah teh. I mamawh chuan tanpuina dawng rawh.
• Naloxone (Narcan®) hi i kutah dah la: I hmangaih takin a overdose chuan Naloxone hian nunna a chhanhim thei a ni. A theih chuan Naloxone hi engtik lai pawhin i kutah dah reng tur a ni.

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?

Opioid damdawi i ei tawh a, i addicted nia rinhlelhna tlemte pawh i neih chuan i doctor nen inbia nghal rawh.

I fa emaw, i ṭhian emawin opioid a hmang sual nia i rinhlelh chuan a rang thei ang bera damdawi lam ṭanpuina zawng rawh.

Opioid hmansualna hi rilru leh thluak lama harsatna khirh tak a ni. Opioid hian i thluak leh thutlukna siam theihna a nghawng a ni. Heng inthlak danglamna te hian opioid ei tawh loh chu a ti harsa thei a, i duh pawh nise. Nangmah emaw, i hmangaih tu emaw hian he natna hi i neih chuan a rang thei ang bera doctor pan rawh. Doctor trained chuan i mamawh enkawlna kawngah a kaihruai thei che a ni.

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur

• Opioids hi natna tidamtu chak tak a ni a, mahse hman dik loh chuan hlauhawm takin a addictive thei a ni.
• Damdawi lam thurawn tel lo chuan hengte hi hmang ngai suh. Dosage leh duration tih ang chiah kha zawm rawh.
• Nangmah emaw, mi dang emawin ruihhlo ngawlvei chhinchhiahna i hmuh chuan zak leh hlau suh la, damdawi lam thurawn zawng nghal rawh.
• Enkawlna leh damna a awm. Chuvangin nangmah chauhin hrehawm tuar suh, tanpuina dil rawh.
• Midangte zirtirna pawh hi he harsatna dona kawnga puitu a ni.

He thu hi in tan a tangkai ngei ka beisei. Hemi chungchanga zawhna dang i neih chuan doctor biak hreh suh.

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