Accident na tak i tawk tawh em, surgery lian tak i neih a ngai tawh em? I doctor chuan i natna tuar theih loh khawpa natna tidamtu damdawi chak tak tak a pe che a ni mai thei. Heng painkillers te hi cancer ang chi natna khirh tak tak, natna khirh tak tak enkawlna atan pawh hman a ni. Vawiin hian he natna tidamtu class chak tak, opioid an tih hi kan sawi dawn a ni. Natna tihziaawmna mak tak tak pe mah se, pawisa fai lehlam leh an hlauhawmnate kan hriat chian vek a pawimawh hle.
A awlsam zawngin, heng Opioid te hi engte nge ni?
Opioids hi damdawi chi khat bik a ni a, natna khirh tak atanga natna khirh tak enkawlna atana hman thin a ni. A chang chuan "narcotics" an ti bawk. Heng opioid thenkhat hi naturally siam a ni ( entir nan , poppy plant atanga siam), thenkhat erawh chu laboratory-a synthetically siam a ni thung.
Hengte hian mak tak maiin hna an thawk a ni. I taksa hmun dangah hliam i neih chuan chu hmun atang chuan nerve kaltlangin thluak lamah thuchah a kal a, "Hei hi natna a ni," tih hi han ngaihtuah teh. Opioids hian chu thuchah kengtu nerve cells te chu a nghawng a, chu thuchah chu thluaka kal chu a titawp a ni. Message an block ang mai a ni. Chuvangin damdawi hian a thawh hma loh chuan natna chu i hre lo.
Mahse, heng ruihhlo hian thil dang a ti ve tho. Kan thluaka lawmman pek dan (reward system) an tichak a, chuvang chuan mi thenkhat chuan heng damdawi te hi an ei hian hlimna nasa tak, lightness leh floating (euphoria) te an nei thei a ni.
Hei vang hian opioids addiction risk a sang em em a ni. Damdawi ei kha bansan duh mah la, i thluak chuan a phal lo ang che. Chu hlimna chu a dil reng a ni. Hun a kal zel a, rilru leh taksa lamah ruihhloah hian i innghat thei a ni.
Buaina dang chu hun kal zelah taksain he damdawi (tolerance) hi a lo hmang thiam ta a ni. Hei hian a tir lama dose atanga natna tihziaawmna hmuh chu a tawk tawh lo tihna a ni. Chutiang bawka hahdamna dawng tur chuan damdawi dose pawh zawi zawiin tihpun a ngai a ni. Hetiang dinhmun hian overdose hlauhawm tak a thlen theihna a tipung a ni.
Hetianga addiction hlauhawmna sang tak avang hian doctor-in opioid a pe che a nih chuan uluk takin an ti ang. Anni hian uluk takin an enkawl ang che a, zawi zawiin a dose chu an taper ang a, chu chuan withdrawal symptoms a tih tlem theih nan.
Opioid chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?
Opioid chi hrang hrang za chuang zet a awm. An siam chhuah dan azirin pawl lian pathum-ah then theih an ni:
- Natural: Hengte hi poppy thing chi atanga thil lakchhuah atanga siam a ni. Chungte chu Opiates an ti bawk. (Entirnan: Morphine, Codeine tih te hi a ni).
- Semi-synthetic hmanga siam chhuah a ni.Hengte hi laboratory-a natural opioids (e.g., heroin, hydrocodone) siam danglam hmanga siam a ni.
- Synthetic: Hengte hi laboratory-a siam vek a ni a, natural ingredients (e.g. Fentanyl) engmah a awm lo.
A hnuaia table-ah hian opioid hman tlanglawn leh sawiho ber thenkhat tarlan a ni.
| Opioid damdawi hming | Thuhmahruai tawi te |
|---|---|
| Codeine a ni | Natna na lo leh na lo tak leh khuh chi thenkhat control nan pek a ni tlangpui. |
| Morphine a ni | Natna nasa tak tan, a bik takin zai hnua cancer natna atan te hman a ni nasa hle. |
| Oxycodone a ni | Natna hniam lam atanga natna nasa tak tan damdawi chak dang. |
| Fentanyl a ni | Morphine aiin a let 50-100 velin a chak zawk a, natna khirh tak tak tan chauh damdawi lam enkawlna hnuaiah pek thin a ni. |
| Methadone a ni | Painkiller atan pawh hman a ni a, opioid dang (a bik takin heroin) addict te enkawlna atan pawh hman a ni bawk. |
| Heroin a ni | Hei hi damdawi phal loh, damdawi lam damdawi in a hmuh theih loh a ni. Addiction theihna a nei sang hle. |
Eng dinhmunah nge doctor-te hian opioid an pek thin?
Doctor chuan hetiang damdawi chak tak hi engmah lovah a pe lovang. Natna nasa tak, natna tidamtu dangin a thunun theih loh tan chauh an ni.
- Acute pain: Hun rei lote chhunga natna khirh tak, accident na tak, ruh tliak emaw, operation lian tham emaw hnua lo awm thin.
- Cancer kaihhnawih natna: Cancer vei te natna nasa tak leh rei tak awm thei te enkawl.
- Chronic pain: A then phei chuan hun rei tak chhunga natna, enkawlna dangin a thunun theih loh tan.
- Palliative care: Damlo tihdam theih loh natna nei damlote natna leh hrehawmna tihziaawmna tur leh an rilru hahdam taka awm theihna tura puitu.
Heng opioid te hi chi hrang hrang a awm a, tablet/capsule, oral solution, injection, leh suppositories te hi a ni.
Opioid nena hman loh tur thil thenkhat chu engte nge ni?
Hei hi a pawimawh hle. Opioid i ei a nih chuan i doctor hnenah damdawi dang i ei zawng zawng, vitamin leh herbal products te pawh hrilh vek a pawimawh. Tin, i ei tur thil dang eng pawh, zu ang chi chungchangah pawh rinawm takin awm rawh. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu opioid nena hman dun a nih chuan ngaihtuah phak loh khawpa hlauhawm a ni thei.
A hnuaia tarlan te hi opioid nena inzawmna tha lo nei thei thil thenkhat tarlan a ni.
| Thil inzawmkhawm theih a ni | Risk awm thei |
|---|---|
| Zu | Mutthilh nasat, hriatna hloh, thawk hah lutuk emaw, thawk tawp emaw, thihna thlengin a thleng thei. Zu hi opioid nen in ngai suh. |
| Benzodiazepines leh mutna damdawi te | Hei hi zu ang bawka hlauhawm a ni. Thâwk harsa leh mutthilhna nasa tak a thlen ṭhin. |
| Muscle tih hahdamna a ni | Mutthilh leh luak chhuak a tipung. |
| Antibiotics leh antifungal thenkhat | Hengte hian taksaa opioid level hlauhawm takin a tisang thei a ni. |
| Anti-seizure damdawi thenkhat | Opioids natna tihziaawmna a tihtlem thei a, a side effect pawh a tipung thei bawk. |
Opioids hian eng side effects leh complications nge a neih?
Damdawi dang ang bawkin opioid hian side effect a nei a. Ṭhenkhat chu kum tling lo an ni a, ṭhenkhat erawh chu hlauhawm tak an ni thei thung.
| Opioid hman avanga side effect leh harsatna lian tak tak awm thei | |
|---|---|
| Side effect awm fo thin | |
| Mutthilh leh zawi te | Ngaihtuahna leh thiltih a slow. |
| Nausea leh luak chhuak | A bik takin damdawi i hman tan tirh hian a awm fo thin. |
| Ek khal | Hei hi side effect a awm fo a, a chhan chu bowel function a tihziaawm vang a ni. |
| Luak chhuak (vertigo) . | Taksa balance a tichhe thei a ni. |
| Complication na tak tak fimkhur tur | |
| Overdose a ni | Hei hi medical emergency a ni. A lan chhuah dan chu thawk a thuk lo hle a, thinlung a na a , a hriatna a bo bawk. Damdawi in pakhata Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)-ah hruai nghal tur a ni. |
| Taksa lama Innghahna | Withdrawal symptoms, thawmhnaw, taksa na, leh hahdam lohna te hi damdawi ei tihtawp emaw, a hman zat tihtlem emaw a nih chuan a thleng thin . |
| Thluak lama harsatna nei | Lung hian boruak a dawng tlem thei lo mai thei. Thisenah carbon dioxide level a sang thei hle. |
| Dawhtheihna | Hun a kal zel a, chutiang bawka natna tihziaawmna tur chuan dose sang zawk a ngai a ni. |
Mi pakhat, a bik takin naupang tê têin heng damdawi zinga pakhat hi a ei palh nia i rinhlelh chuan emergency a ni. Hospital-a i hruai nghal laiin Colombo National Hospital-a National Poisons Information Center-ah thurawn dil rawh.
Opioids hi hun rei tak i ei chuan eng nge thleng?
Hun rei tak chhunga opioid hman hian harsatna dang tam tak a thlen thei bawk.
- Chronic constipation a awm thei
- Immune system a chak lo
- Lungngaihna
- Heart attack vei theihna a tipung
- Addiction leh overdose risk a sang hle
- Sexual dysfunction leh duhna tlahniam
- Mut kaihhnawih harsatna
- Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: Hei hi thil mak deuh a ni. Natna damdawi i ei hian damdawi avang hian taksa natna hriatna a tipung a ni. Hei hian natna tlemte pawh hi a na zual tan tihna a ni.
Opioid hi damdawi chi khat chak tak leh tangkai tak a ni a, mahse doctor enkawlna hnuaiah chauh hman tur a ni a, a zat tur leh hun bituk chhung atan chauh hman tur a ni.He damdawi hi addict tawh ang maia i inhriat chuan, emaw, i nun a nghawng nia i hriat chuan zak leh hlau suh. I doctor nen sawiho nghal rawh. Ṭanpuina dawn theih dan a awm.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Opioids hi natna tidamtu chi khat chak tak a ni a, natna khirh tak tan chauh pek thin a ni.
- Hengte hi addiction neih theihna a sang hle. Chuvangin, i doctor-in a pek aia tam emaw, hun bituk aia rei emaw hmang ngai suh.
- I opioid pek tawhte chu eng chhan pawh nise midang hnenah pe suh. Nunna atana hlauhawm tak a ni thei.
- Opioid i ei a nih chuan i doctor hnenah damdawi dang zawng zawng, zu leh thil dang i hman zawng zawng chungchangah rinawm takin sawi rawh.
- Damdawi innghahna emaw, ruihhlo ngawlvei emaw i nih chuan zak suh la, i doctor nen inbia la, tanpuina zawng rawh.
- Overdose chhinchhiahna, thawk harsatna, mutthilh lutuk emaw, hriatna hloh emaw i hmuh chuan emergency-ah ngai la, damlo chu damdawi in Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)-ah hruai nghal rawh.
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