Kan mit chanchin mak tak mai: Khawvel hi rawng hrang hranga entir thei photoreceptor leh khawvel hi dum leh var hmanga entir thei

Pangpar huan mawi takah i awm angin han mitthla teh. A pangpar chu rawng hrang hrang a ni vek... sen, sen, sen... A va mawi em! Tunah chuan zanah huanah i chhuak ang tih han mitthla teh. A rawng te chu i hmu chiang thei lo a, mahse engkim hi a dum leh var ang maiin a lang. Khawvel hi chhun lamah rawng hrang hranga min hmuhtir a, zanah dum leh var hmanga min hmuhtir? Kan mit chhunga hnathawk team tenau tak mahse pawimawh tak a ni. Vawiin hian heng cell mak tak tak photoreceptors an tih te hi kan sawi dawn a ni.

Heng photoreceptor te hi engte nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, photoreceptor hi kan mit hnung lama retina- a awm, light-sensing cell chi khat a ni. A hming awmzia chu "light receiver" tihna a ni. An hna ber chu mit chhunga êng lut chu la in kan thluak hriatthiam theih tur electrical leh chemical signal-ah chantir hi a ni.

Kan nervous system hi nerve cell neurons an tih atanga siam a ni. Mak tak mai chu heng photoreceptor te hi neuron chi khat bik tak an ni bawk. Tin, kan retina te lo thanglian dan avang hian heng cell te hi technically chuan kan central nervous system, thluak leh ruhro (spinal cord)-a tel anga ngaih an ni bawk.

Hêng cell-te hi eng nge thleng tak tak?

Kan mit hi khawvela camera changkang ber angin han ngaihtuah teh. Dik tak chuan tûn laia digital camera-te hi mihring mit hnathawh dân entawn tûra siam a ni.

I phone hmanga thlalak i lak hian i phone-a sensor chuan light chu a capture a, computer code-ah a chantir a ni. Tichuan i phone-a chip te tak te chuan chu code chu a la a, thlalak mawi takah a chantir a, a rawn entir che a ni.

Kan mit chhungah pawh hetiang bawk hian a thleng thin. Kan retina hian kan phone-a sensor ang maiin hna a thawk a. Retina chhunga photoreceptor cell te hian light an man a, nerve signal ah an chantir thin. Chumi hnuah chuan heng signal te hi optic nerve hmangin thluak lamah an thawn chhuak leh thin. Thluak hian chu signal te chu a "decode" a, a nih loh leh a hrethiam a, kan hmuh thin image chu a siam ta a ni. Chuvangin he thil kalphung zawng zawng hi chu photoreceptor cell te tak te atang chuan a intan a ni.

Rods leh Cones: Kan Mit Superhero pahnih (Rods leh Cones) .

Mihring mit ah hian photoreceptor chi hnih lian tak a awm a. An pianzia avanga hming an vuah a ni.

Rods Cells: Zan khat vengtu te

Heng cell te hi cylindrical, a nih loh leh tube ang chi an ni. Eng tlem berah pawh an sensitive hle. Rod cells hian kan mit chhunga photoreceptor 95% a siam a, chu chu maktaduai 100-125 vel a ni.

Zanah light awm loh laiin in chhunga kal lai kha han mitthla teh. Thil awm dan leh mihring pianzia kan hmu thei a, mahse a rawng erawh chiang takin kan hmu thei lo a ni lawm ni? Chutih lai chuan heng rod cell te hian i hmu thei thin. Heng cell te hian êng tlem leh zan (zan lama mit hmuhna)-a hmuh theihna tura mawhphurtu ber an ni. Mahse, thil chipchiar tak tak leh rawngte chu an thliar hrang thei lo. Heng cell te hian êng tlem zawka kan hmuh theihna tura min puih hi medical science-ah chuan scotopic vision an ti a.

Cones: Color khawvela Artist te

Heng cell te hi cone ang maia awm an ni a, chu chu a chung lam hawiin a hnuai lamah a zungbun tihna a ni. Rod cell aiin an hnathawh theih nan light an mamawh tam zawk. Mahse, an tih chuan, rawng leh thil chipchiar ṭha tak takte chu kan hmu thei a ni .

Painting mawi tak i en chuan a rawng inthlauhna fiah lo tak tak leh line tenau ber pawh chiang takin i hmu thei a ni. Chu chu hetiang khawpa sharp, detailed vision min petu chu a ni. Heng cone cell te hi retina hmun bik macula an tih ah an awm tam ber a ni . Chuvang chuan kan mit hmuhna lairil chu a chiang a, a rawng pawh a mawi hle.

Engtin nge rawng kan hmuh?

Kan mit ah hian cone cell chi thum a awm a, an thawk hovin rawng khawvel min hmuhtir thin. Heng cone cell te hian a takah chuan rawng direct takin an hmu lo. Eng wavelength hrang hrang an hmuchhuak a, chu chu thluak hnenah an hrilh thin. Chu information chu thluak chuan rawng siam nan a hmang thin.

Hei hi rainbow i en hian hriatthiam a awlsam hle. Red hian wavelength a sei ber a, chuvang chuan rainbow pawn lamah a awm a ni. Violet hian wavelength tawi ber a nei a, chuvang chuan a chhungah a awm.

A tlangpuiin mi hrisel mit hian cone cell chi thum a nei vek a. Hei hi trichromacy an ti a .

Chu chi thum chu:

• Wavelength tawi (blue) atanga sensitive .
• Wavelength lian lo (green) atanga sensitive .
• Wavelength sei tak (red) atanga sensitive .

Heng cone chi thum te hi rawng hrang hranga specialized ni mahse, an sensitivity te hi a inzawm tlat a ni. Thluak hian heng cone chi thum atanga signal lo chhuak danglamna fiah lo tak takte chu a khaikhin a, chu chuan rawng a hre thei a ni. Hetiang thil mak tak avang hian mi pangngai chuan rawng maktaduai khat vel a thliar hrang thei a , a hre thei bawk .

Eng natnain nge heng cell te hi a nghawng?

Kan rod leh cone cell te hi a nghawng thei thil engemaw zat a awm a, a then chuan retina hmun dang pawh a nghawng bawk.

• Color blindness : Colour vision a then emaw a bo vek emaw, black leh white vision chauh a awm(Achromatopsia) a awm thei.
• Cone-rod natna (cone-rod dystrophy) a ni
• Macular tihchhiatna (Macular degeneration) a ni
• Retinitis pigmentosa a awm thei
• Solar retinopathy : Ni lam hawia chhiatna thleng.
• Usher syndrome tih hi a ni

Engtin nge a symptoms te hi kan hriat theih ang?

Heng cell-te natna vei chhinchhiahna ber chu mit hmuh lohna a ni a, mahse a hloh nasat zia chu a tuar cell chi hrang hrang a zirin a inang lo.

Vawi tam tak chu macular degeneration ang chi dinhmunah hian heng cell chi hnih hi a rualin a nghawng thei a ni.

Chûng cell hlu tak takte vênhim nân eng nge kan tih ang?

Kan photoreceptor cells te hi retina-a tel an nih avangin kan mit leh mit (retina) hrisel taka vawn hi kan mit humhalh nan a pawimawh hle.

• Mit enfiah fo rawh: Hei hi i mit tan taksa pum checkup ang a ni. Mi zawng zawng tan, glasses vuah chauh ni lovin, kum hnih danah vawi khat tal mit doctor pan a pawimawh . Hei hian natna tam tak a lan chhuah hmain a hriat theih nan a pui thei a ni.
• Medical checkup neih fo thin ang che: Natna khirh tak tak thenkhat chuan kan mit a nghawng nghal vek. Bik takinThisen sang (Hypertension) leh Type 2 Diabetes (Type 2 Diabetes) . Kum tin medical check-up neih hian heng natnate hi mit a tihchhiat hmain hriatchhuah leh control theih a ni.
• Nicotine pumpelh: Meizial zuk, vaping, leh zuk leh hmuam ei hian kan thisen kalna kawng a tichhe a. Mit retina-a thisen pe chhuaktu thisen kalna kawng nalh tak takte hian hei hi an sensitive hle a ni.
• Ei leh in tha hi dah pawimawh hmasa rawh: Vitamin A hi photoreceptor cells hnathawh nan a pawimawh hle. Carrot, sweet potato, spinach ang chi ei tur te hian vitamin A a pai tam hle a, ei leh in inthlau tak ei hi i hriselna zawng zawng leh i mit atan a tha hle.
• I taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh: Hemi atan hian i doctor hnen atangin kaihhruaina i mamawh ang.