Mi tam tak chuan zunthlum hian thau leh thau lutuk te chauh a nghawng niin kan ngai. Mahse, keini ang South Asia ram, chu chu Sri Lanka-a mi pakhat tan chuan kan thau emaw, kan rihna pangngai emaw pawh ni ila, Type 2 Diabetes kan vei tam zawk tih i hria em? Dik tak chuan hnam dang nena khaikhin chuan kan risk hi a let li velin a sang zawk a ni. Hei hi mak kan ti takzet a ni. Chuvangin vawiinah hian engvangin nge hetiang thil hi a lo awm tih te, kan hriat chian a tulna te, leh he dinhmun laka kan invenna tur hian eng nge kan tih theih tih te hi han sawi ila.
Engvangin nge keini ang South Asia mite hi an hlauhawm zawk?
A chhan ber chu kan taksain thau a khawlkhawm dan a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, kan taksa peng pawimawh tak tak, liver leh muscle te vel ah hian hmuh theih loh thau layer a awm a. Damdawi lamah chuan hei hi (Visceral adiposity) an ti a. Hei hi chhungril lam atanga lo thleng thei a ni a, kan taksa hi a hring a, pawn lam atanga a lan dan ang lo pawh nise.
A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, he organ vel a thau layer avang hian kan taksa pancreas atanga hormone insulin siam hian hna a thawk tha thei lo. Insulin hnathawh ber chu cell-te thisen a sugar (glucose) la chhuakin chakna-ah a chantir a ni. Chuvangin, he thau layer avang hian insulin hian a hna a thawk tha thei lo a nih chuan insulin resistance kan ti thin. Hei hian thisen sugar level a tisang a ni.
Eng ang pawhin exercise la mah la, he thau hi taksa peng hrang hrangah a awm a nih chuan chu ruhte tan chuan thisen atanga sugar lakluh a harsa thin. Hei hi insulin resistance kawng khat a ni.
Harsatna pahnih kan hmachhawn: dodalna leh tlakchhamna
South Asian kan nih angin he thu hi kan tan chuan chhan pahnih vangin a buaithlak zual hle.
1. Insulin Resistance: A hmaa ka sawi tawh ang khan kan taksa hian insulin siam chhuak mah se, a thawk tha lo. Hemi chungchang sawitu specialist doctor pakhat chuan a mimal thil tawn a sawi a. Naupai laiin gestational diabetes a vei khan body mass index (BMI) pangngai nei mahse insulin tam tak a inject a ngai a ni. Chumi awmzia chu taksaah insulin awm mah se, a thawk tha lo a, chuvangin tam tak a ngai a ni.
2. Insulin tlakchhamna: Thil dang pakhat chu genetically-ah chuan kan pancreas-a insulin siamtu cell (beta cells) te hi an thawk tlem zawk a ni. Hei hi (beta cell blunting) an ti a.Chu chu kan ei hian kan thisen sugar level a sang chho tihna a ni. Tichuan pancreas chuan insulin siam chhuahna signal a hmu ta a ni. Mahse kan cell te hi a "lazy" deuh avangin thisen sugar level a san tak tak hma loh chuan insulin an siam chhuak lo. Chuvangin kawng khatah chuan insulin hnathawh that lohna buaina kan nei ve ve a, kawng dangah chuan insulin siam chhuah tlem chungchangah pawh kan nei ve ve a ni.
Diabetes test tur risk factors te chu engte nge ni?
South Asian kan nih angin zunthlum test-naah hian tehfung tlangpui nena danglam bikte kan fimkhur a ngai a ni. A bik takin i body mass index, a nih loh leh BMI hi 23 aia tam a nih chuan zunthlum test i neih a pawimawh hle a, khawthlang ramah chuan a vaiin 25 ni mahse, kan genetic danglamna avang hian BMI hniam zawkah pawh kan hlauhawm hle.
A hnuaia risk factor pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i neih leh neih loh en rawh.
| Risk Factor a ni | Hrilhfiahna |
|---|---|
| Taksa rih zawng tehna (BMI) . | I BMI 23 kg/m2 aia tam a nih chuan. |
| Chhungkaw chanchin | I nu, i pa, i unaupa emaw, i farnu emaw hian type 2 diabetes an nei a nih chuan. |
| Damdawi lam thil dang | I chhungkuaa mi pakhatin zunthlum, thinlung natna, thisen sang, emaw thisenah triglyceride level 250 mg/dL aia tam a neih tawh chuan. |
| A bik takin hmeichhia tan | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) i nei emaw i nei tawh emaw a nih chuan. |
Hemi chungchang hi engtin nge i doctor nen in inbia?
A pawimawh ber chu hma la la, i doctor nen hemi chungchang hi sawipui a ni. I taksa rihna pangngai i nih avangin i doctor chuan zunthlum test a duh lo mai thei. Mahse heng thilte hi i hrilhfiah thei a ni.
Doctor hmu tura i kal chuan, "Doc, ka BMI chu normal range-ah awm mahse, South Asian ka ni tih ka hria a, BMI hniam pawhin zunthlum vei theihna ka nei tih ka hria. Chuti a nih chuan ka A1c hi i check thei ang em?"
A1c (HbA1c) hi thla 2-3 kalta chhunga i thisen sugar level tehna a ni. He test hian zunthlum i neih leh neih loh emaw, zunthlum (prediabetes) vei theihna i neih leh neih loh a hriattir thei che a ni. I hriselna enkawl a pawimawh.
Ei leh in leh nunphung: Engtin nge kan tih ang?
Diabetes enkawlna kawngah i ei leh in hi 70% a pawimawh a ni. A bak 30% chu exercise a ni.
Mithiamte chuan, "Ka damlote chu ei duh ber ei kha bansan vek turin ka hrilh ngai lo. A pawimawh ber chu eng nge ei tlem tur, eng nge ei tam zawk tur tih leh ei tur inthlauhna tur hriatthiam hi a ni," an ti.
Sri Lanka kan eitur ber ah hian carbohydrates (starch) a tam fo thin. Buhfai, chhang, leh chhangphut atanga siam chaw kan ei tam ber. Heng carbohydrates chi hrang hrang zinga eng pawh hian thisen sugar level a tisang a ni. Chuvangin kan tih tur chu heng chaw ei hi kan bansan vek loh hi a ni.
- I buhfai plate i buatsaih dan tur thlak rawh: I plate hmun li a\anga hmun khat chu buhfai atan dah la, hmun li a\anga hmun khat chu protein (nga, vawk, artui, lentils, chickpeas) atan dah la, a chanve dang chu thlai leh green atan dah bawk ang che.
- Fiber tamna ei tur te pawh telh bawk ang che: Whole grains, oats, brown rice, thlai leh thei chi hrang hrang te hian thisenah sugar a dah chakna chu a ti hniam a.
- Processed foods leh sweetened drinks ei loh tur: Hengte hian thisen sugar level a tisang nghal vek a ni.
Diabetes hian i nun a thunun tir suh. Chu ai chuan he natna chungchang hi inzirtir la, i doctor rawn la , a tul anga thurawn pe la, nunphung thlak danglam rawh.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- South Asian, a bik takin Sri Lanka mi nih hi type 2 diabetes vei theihna tur risk factor lian tak a ni.
- He risk hi i taksa rih zawng pangngai emaw, i taksa rihna emaw pawh nise a bo lo.
- I BMI 23 aia sang emaw, i chhungte zinga mi pakhatin zunthlum a vei emaw chuan test i neih ngei ngei tur a ni.
- I hriselna enkawl la, i doctor hnenah zunthlum test turin hrilh rawh. A1c test chungchang zawt rawh.
- Diet hi a pawimawh hle. Carbohydrate (starchy) ei tam lutuk kha control la, protein leh fiber tamna ei tur ngaihtuah rawh.
- Ṭanpuina dil hlau suh. Hriatna leh enkawl dan dik tak nen chuan nun hrisel tak i hmang thei ang.
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