He pātai āu mō te rewharewha? Me kōrero taipitopito tātou mō tēnei!

Kua rongo pea koe i te mate rewharewha. Engari tera pea he pātai āu mō te aha te mate, te mōrearea o mua, me te take kāore tātou e manukanuka ai mōna i nāianei. I tēnei rā, ka kōrerohia e tātou i roto i te huarahi māmā kia mārama ai koe. He kōrero roa tēnei, engari he maha ngā mea ka akohia e koe.

He aha te mate rewharewha?

He kupu ngāwari noa iho, he mate tino kino, he mate whakamate te rewharewha i mua. I mate ai te miriona tāngata. Ina pāngia koe e tēnei mate, ka puta he pupuhi mārō, kī tonu i te wai i tō tinana. Ahakoa ka ora, ka waiho e rātou ētahi koha kino ki tō mata me tō tinana. Whakaarohia, ki te pāngia koe e tēnei mate , i te toharite, tata ki te kotahi i roto i te toru tāngata ka mate. Koinā te kino o tēnei mate.

Engari he rongo pai tēnei. Mai i te tekau tau atu i 1960, kua kaha te mahi a te World Health Organization (WHO) ki te whakakore i te mate rewharewha i te ao. Mā te whakamahi i te werohanga me te whakahaere i te horapa o te mate, kua angitu rātou. Nō te tau 1980, kua whakakorea te mate rewharewha i te ao. Ko te keehi tūturu whakamutunga o te mate i pūrongohia i te tau 1977.

Kei te noho tonu te mate pukupuku i te ao?

Kāo. Kāore anō kia pāngia te tangata e te rewharewha mō ngā tau neke atu i te 45. Kāore e horapa noa iho. Heoi, ko ngā tauira o te huaketo e puta ai te rewharewha ka puritia mō ngā kaupapa rangahau anake i roto i tētahi taiwhanga i te United States me tētahi atu i Rūhia. Engari ehara tēnā i te mea hei wehi.

I pēhea tātou i whakakore ai i te mate pukupuku i te ao?

He whakatutukitanga nui tēnei. Tērā pea i taea te whakakore i te mate rewharewha nā ētahi āhuatanga:

• Ko te tangata anake ka pāngia e tēnei mate. Kāore e horahia e ngā kararehe, e ngā pepeke rānei. Nō reira, he torutoru noa ngā huarahi e taea ai te hora i te mate.
• He māmā noa te kite i te mate. Ko te hunga katoa i pangia e te rewharewha, i kitea ngā tohu, inā koa ko aua ira. Arā, kāore tetahi i te mōhio kei a rātou te mate (kāore he kaikawe tohu kore).
• I pōturi te horapa o te mate. I te nuinga o te wā ka tīmata te horapa o te rewharewha i te wā e tino mate ana te tūroro, kāore e taea te haere ki waho. I te nuinga o te wā ka horapa i waenga i te hunga e noho ana i te whare kotahi.
• I whakahaerea te horapa mā te "Mīhini Werohanga Ring". Nā te mea i horapa noa te mate i waenga i te hunga e tata ana te whakapā atu, i taea e ngā āpiha hauora te aukati i te horapa mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga e kīia nei ko ngā "mīhini werohanga ring". Arā, ina kitea he tangata mate, ka werohangahia anake te hunga kua tata te whakapā atu ki taua tangata (pērā i te "mīhini werohanga" e karapoti ana i te tangata mate).
• He mate tēnei kua roa e noho ana. Nō reira, kua whai ārai mate te hunga kua ora mai i te rewharewha. Ko te tikanga he iti ake te hunga e hiahiatia ana kia werohangahia hei aukati i te horapa o te mate.

Whakaarohia, nā ēnei āhuatanga i taea ai te whakakore i te rewharewha, tētahi o ngā mate tino kino o taua wā, i te ao.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate rewharewha?

Ina pāngia te rewharewha, ka maha ngā wāhanga ka whanake te mate. Ko ngā tohu matua ko:

• Te kirika nui.
• Te mamae nui o te upoko.
• Mamae tuara.
• Mamae puku.
• Te ngenge nui me te ngoikore.
• Te ruaki.
• Ngā ira e tīmata ana i roto i te waha, kātahi ka horapa ki te mata, kātahi ki te tinana katoa.
• Ka huri ēnei ira hei mariao, hei puku mārō (pustule).

Ko ngā tohu pēnei i te kirika, te ānini, me te ngenge ka puta tuatahi mai. Ka roa pea mō ngā rā e rua ki te whā. I ētahi wā ka mau tonu te kirika, ka hoki mai rānei ahakoa kua puta ngā ira. Kātahi ka puta mai ngā ira. Ahakoa i taua wā, ka pai haere i ētahi wā.

He aha te āhua o ngā ira o te rewharewha?

Ka puta tuatahi ngā whara o te rewharewha ki roto i te waha me te mata, kātahi ka horapa tere ki te tinana katoa. Ka tīmata hei ira whero, kātahi ka huri hei puku mārō ka kiripaka, ka taka. I roto i te momo rewharewha tino noa ('rewharewha noa'), ka whanake ngā whara i roto i ētahi wāhanga:

1. Ngā wāhanga tōmua: Whai muri i ngā tohu tuatahi, ka puta ngā ira i te arero, i roto i te waha, me te korokoro. Ka huri ngā ira whero o te waha hei mariao, ka pakaru.

2. Ngā ira e horapa ana: Kātahi ka horapa ēnei ira ki te mata, ki ngā ringa, ki ngā waewae, ki te tuara, me te uma. I muri i te rā kotahi, ka horapa ki te tinana katoa, tae atu ki ngā kapu me ngā kapu o ngā waewae.

3. Ngā puku kī tonu i te pūhā: Kua kī tonu ngā puku i te kiri i te pūhā (he wai matotoru). Tērā pea he kōhao iti (`dent`) kei waenganui o ia puku. E rua ngā rā ka kī tonu ēnei puku i te pūhā.

4. He ponana me ngā hakihaki: Ka huri ngā puku hei puku mārō, porotaka (ngā pustules). I roto i ngā rā tekau e whai ake nei, ka puta he hakihaki ki runga i ēnei pustules.

5. Ngā pāpaka e marere ana: Ka marere ēnei pāpaka i muri i te wiki pea, engari kei te toe tonu ngā kōpura.

He rerekē ngā momo mate pāwera?

Ae, he maha ngā momo rewharewha. He rerekē anō hoki ngā tohu i puta mai i a rātou:

• Te rewharewha noa: Koinei te momo tino noa. Nāna i puta ngā tohu kua whakaahuatia i runga ake nei. Tata ki te 85% o ngā mate rewharewha katoa i ahu mai i tēnei momo. Tata ki te kotahi i roto i te toru o ngā tāngata i pāngia e te rewharewha noa i mate.
• Te rewharewha momo whakarerekē: Ka puta tēnei momo rewharewha i ētahi wā i roto i te hunga kua werohia i mua. He rite ki te rewharewha noa, engari kāore te ponana i te tino kino, ā, kāore e roa. Ka ora te nuinga o te tangata i tēnei mate.
• Te rewharewha momo papatahi (kino): He kino ake ngā tohu tōmua o tēnei i te rewharewha noa. I honoa ngā pona mai i ngā ira, ā, kāore i whakapakeke, kāore hoki i kī i te wai. Nō reira, i puta he ponana papatahi, maeneene, kāore he kiripaka. Ko tēnei momo te mea tino kitea i roto i ngā tamariki. Tata tonu ka mate.
• Te rewharewha toto: He mea noa tēnei i waenga i ngā wāhine hāpu. He kino ngā tohu tōmua. Kāore ngā ira e mārō, e kī tonu rānei i te wai. Engari, ka toto te kiri i raro, ka āhua mangu, ka wera rānei te ira. Tērā pea ka puta te toto o roto me te ngoikore o ngā okana. Tata tonu te mate o te rewharewha toto.

He aha te take o te mate rewharewha?

Ko te mate rewharewha i puta mai i te huaketo e kiia nei ko te huaketo Variola . E rua ngā momo o te huaketo variola: ko te Variola nui me te Variola iti (e mōhiotia ana ko te Variola alastrim). Ko te nuinga o ngā mate me ngā mate i puta mai i te Variola nui. He rite tonu ngā tohu engari he iti ake te kino. Neke atu i te 30% o ngā mate i puta mai i te Variola nui, engari ko te 1% noa iho o ngā mate i puta mai i te Variola iti.

I pēhea te horapa o te rewharewha?

I horapa te mate rewharewha mā te pā tata, kanohi ki te kanohi. Hei tauira, ka taea e te tangata whai rewharewha te pangia tetahi e tata ana i a ia e maremare ana, e kōrero ana rānei. Ka taea hoki te horapa mā te pā ki ngā taonga pēnei i te moenga me ngā kākahu i whakamahia e te tangata pangia.

He aha ngā raruraru pea ka pā mai i te mate rewharewha?

Ko te raruraru tino noa o te rewharewha ko te whara kino. Ko ētahi atu raruraru ko:

• Matapo.
• Mate roro (Encephalitis).
• Te mate urutā o ngā pēke hau iti i roto i ngā pukahukahu (Bronchopneumonia).
• Ngā mate pāwera huakita.
• Te mate rumatiki.

He aha i tino whakamate ai te rewharewha?

Ahakoa kāore ngā tohunga i te tino mōhio, tera pea i puta te mate i te rewharewha nā te huinga o ngā āhuatanga:

• He nui ngā pūtau ka patua e te huaketo (cytotoxicity).
• Te ngoikore o te whatukuhu.
• Ko te niumōnia he kino ki ngā pukahukahu. Ka uaua te manawa, ka kore hoki he hāora ki ngā kiko.
• Te ohorere hypovolemic. Te toto me te ngoikore o ngā okana nā te rewharewha toto.

Kei te werohanga tonu tātou i te mate rewharewha?

Kāore ngā tākuta e werohanga ana i te marea whānui mō te rewharewha. Heoi anō, kei te hoatu tonu ētahi kairangahau me ngā hōia i ngā werohanga rewharewha ki ētahi rōpū kua tohua. Kei te pupuri te kāwanatanga o Amerika i tētahi puranga o ngā werohanga rewharewha, kia rite ai ki te whakamahi mēnā ka horapa anō te mate.

Nōnahea i mutu ai te tuku kano ārai mate rewharewha a Amerika?

I te Hononga o Amerika, i whakamutua te werohanga rewharewha i ngā kaupapa werohanga o ia rā i te tau 1972. Ko te pakarutanga whakamutunga o te rewharewha i te Hononga o Amerika i te tau 1949.

Ka roa te ora o te kano ārai mate pāwera?

E ai ki ētahi rangahau ka taea e te kano ārai mate rewharewha te whakarato tiaki mō ngā tekau tau. Mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whiwhi i te kano ārai mate rewharewha nā te mahi, e taunaki ana te US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) kia whiwhi i tētahi horopeta whakanui i ia toru tau.

Ko te rewharewha te mate tuatahi i kitea ai he kano ārai mate?

Āe. I te mutunga o te rautau 18, i whakaūhia e te tākuta ko Edward Jenner te kōrero mō ngā kaimahi miraka i pangia e te rewharewha kau, he mate rite ki te rewharewha heihei, i tiakina mai i te rewharewha. E mōhio ana tātou ināianei he tino rite ngā huaketo o te rewharewha kau me te rewharewha. Nō reira, i te wā i pangia ai te tangata e te rewharewha kau, he mate iti nei, ā, ka āraihia rātou e te rewharewha, ka āraihia hoki rātou e te rewharewha.

I tīmata a Jenner ki te pangia ngā kau ki te rewharewha hei ārai i te mate rewharewha. Koinei te kano kano tuatahi o te ao. Ko te kupu "vaccine" i ahu mai i te kupu Latina mō te kau, "vacca."

I ēnei rā, he huaketo te kano ārai mate rewharewha e kiia nei ko te `vaccinia`. Nā te mea he rite ki te rewharewha, ka whakaratohia he ārai mate me te kore e puta he rewharewha.

He aha tēnei 'Variolation'?

Ko te variolation te momo werohanga tuatahi. I akiakihia te tangata kia pāngia e te rewharewha (rewharewha) mā te werohanga i te huaketo Variola ki roto i ō rātou tinana. I mahia tēnei mā te waru i te kiri me te hū mai i ngā mate rewharewha, mā te hongi rānei i te paura i hangaia mai i te scabies. Ko te mate i puta mai i te variolation he iti ake te kino i te rewharewha e tupu noa ana, ā, i muri mai ka whakawhanakehia e te tangata te ātete ki te rewharewha. E whakaarohia ana he rau tau te pakeke o tēnei tikanga.

He aha te take e waiho ai he koha e te kano ārai mate rewharewha?

He rerekē ngā kano ārai mate hou i ngā kano ārai mate rewharewha, he huaketo ora, kāore i whakarerekētia, he rite ki te rewharewha (e kiia nei ko te 'vaccinia'). Engari i te werohanga ki te ngira, ka tōia e te kaimahi hauora he 'ngira wehe' ki roto i tō pakihiwi ka werohanga ki roto i tō ringa. Kātahi ka pangia te wāhi i werohangahia ki te 'vaccinia'. Ka puta he mirumiru i tēnei mate, ā, ka waiho he koha i muri mai.

Me tiaki pai te wāhi i werohia ai te hunga e whiwhi ana i tēnei momo kano ārai mate rewharewha. Ki te kore, ka pangia pea tētahi atu e rātou ki te `kano ārai mate`. Ko ēnei momo kano ārai mate ko `ACAM2000®` me `APSV`.

Ko te kano ārai mate `JYNNEOS™` (e whakamahia ana hoki mō te `mpox`) he mea hanga mai i tētahi huaketo kua ngoikore (`whakaitihia`). Ka hoatu hei werohanga auau. He iti ake ngā pānga taha i ērā atu kano ārai mate rewharewha. Ka hoatu hei horopeta e rua i raro i te kiri, e whā wiki te wehe.

He rongoā kei te wātea mō te mate rewharewha?

He maha ngā rongoā ārai huaketo kua whakaaetia mō te rewharewha. Ko ēnei:

• `Tecovirimat (TPOXX®)`
• `Brincidofovir (TEMBEXA®)`
• `Cidofovir (Vistide®)`

I whakawhanakehia ēnei i muri i te whakakorenga o te rewharewha, nō reira kāore anō kia whakamatautauria ki te hunga kua pangia e te rewharewha. Engari, i runga i ētahi atu rangahau, e whakaaro ana ngā tohunga ka taea te whakamahi hei rongoā mēnā ka horapa anō te rewharewha. Kua whakamatautauria hoki mēnā he haumaru mō te tangata.

I pēhea te tātaritanga o te mate rewharewha?

I ngā wā o mua, i tātaritatia te mate rewharewha e ngā tākuta i runga i te āhua o ō ira me te tauira o ō tohu. Ka taea hoki e rātou te whakamātautau i ngā tauira o tō toto, o tō kiri rānei. Ka tukuna ngā tauira ki te taiwhanga hei rapu i te 'DNA' o te huaketo, i ngā paturopi rānei (antibodies) e hangaia ana hei ārai i te rewharewha. I te tau 1978 i kitea ai te mate rewharewha.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te rewharewha, te Mpox, me te rewharewha?

Nō te whānau kotahi o ngā huaketo te rewharewha (`Smallpox`) me te Mpox e kiia nei ko te `Orthopoxvirus`. He rite tonu ngā tohu o rāua, engari he iti ake te kino o te mate a te `Mpox` i te rewharewha. Ka taea e te kano ārai mate `Vaccinia` te tiaki i ngā mea e rua.

Ahakoa te kupu "pox" i roto i tōna ingoa, ko te rewharewha heihei i puta mai i te huaketo e kiia nei ko Varicella-zoster, kāore e pā ana ki te rewharewha, ki ētahi atu Orthopoxvirus rānei. Nō reira, he mate tino rerekē te rewharewha heihei.

Hei whakamutunga, ētahi mea hei maumahara

Mō ngā rautau, ko te rewharewha tētahi o ngā mate tino whakamate o te ao. Engari i ēnei rā, ko te nuinga o tātou kāore e whakaaro ana ki tēnā. Kāore anō kia pāngia tetahi e te rewharewha i roto i te tata ki te rima tekau tau. Nā ngā mahi hauora tūmatanui, kua rite ngā whenua pēnei i te Hononga o Amerika ki ngā maimoatanga me ngā kano ārai mate hei whakatau i te tūponotanga o te horapa anō o te mate.

Nō reira, he mate kua tāpirihia ki te hītori te rewharewha, engari he maha ngā akoranga kua akohia mai e ia. He tauira pai hoki tēnei mō te kaha o te pūtaiao me te hauora tūmatanui ki te whakahaere i te mate kino rawa atu.

` Rewharewha, Rewharewha, Kano ārai mate, Ngā tohu, Rewharewha, Huaketo, Whakakorenga