Kia ako tātou mō ngā "io" o roto i tō tātou tinana. He aha ēnei, ā, me pēhea tā rātou mahi? He māmā noa iho!

Kua whakaaro koe me pēhea tātou e rongo ai i te ngau a te waeroa, me pēhea rānei e neke ai ō tātou ringa, e kōrero ai rānei? Kei muri i ēnei katoa he whatunga karere whakamiharo i roto i ō tātou tinana. I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō aua "io" i roto i te reo Sinhala, io. He rite ēnei ki ngā waea e kawe ana i te au.

He aha tonu ngā "io"?

He whakarāpopototanga, he rite ngā io ki tētahi pūnaha taura hiko i roto i ō tātou tinana. Ko ēnei taura te hunga e tuku ana i ngā hikohiko mai i tō roro ki te toenga o tō tinana, ka hoki anō ki tō roro. Whakaarohia, ka āwhina ngā io i a koe ki te rongo i tētahi mea (hei tauira, ka pā tētahi ki tō ringa), ka neke i ō uaua (hei tauira, ka hiki ake tō ringa), me ērā atu mea. Ka āwhina hoki rātou ki te whakahaere i ngā mahi ā-roto kāore tātou e mōhio kei a tātou.

He mea hanga ēnei 'io' i ngā pūtau motuhake e kiia nei ko ngā 'neuron' . Kei roto i ō tātou tinana ēnei 'neuron', inā koa i roto i te roro me te taurakira. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta te kupu 'io' ina kōrero ana mō te pūnaha io i waho o tō roro me tō taurakira. Ka kiia tēnei ko te 'pūnaha io ā-taha' . Mā tō roro me tō taurakira ka hangaia te 'pūnaha io matua' . Nō reira, ina honoa ēnei e rua, ka hangaia tō tātou pūnaha io katoa.

He momo io kei reira? He aha ēnei?

Ae, e rua ngā momo 'io' matua. Kia kite tātou he aha ēnei.

He aha te mea ka pā ki ngā io pūoko?

He rite ēnei io ki ngā tutei i roto i tō tinana. Ka kohia e rātou ngā mōhiohio mai i ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō tinana (pēnei i tō kiri, kanohi, taringa, ihu, arero) – arā, te pā, te reka, te hongi, te tirohanga, te whakarongo – ka haria ki tō roro. Whakaarohia, ka ngaua tō ringa e te waeroa, ka rongo koe nā ēnei io pūoro . Ka tere te haere o taua karere ki tō roro.

He aha te mea ka pā ki ngā io nekeneke?

He rite ēnei io ki ngā hōia e whai ana i ngā whakahau a tō roro. Ka tangohia e rātou ngā karere mai i tō roro (hei tauira, 'tīkina tō ringa', 'rūrūtia tō waewae') ka tukuna atu ki ō uaua me ō repe. Koinei te wā ka taea e koe te neke me te mahi i ngā mahi rerekē. Hei tauira, ina hiahia koe ki te menemene, ka haere te karere mai i tō roro mā roto i ēnei io nekeneke ki ngā uaua o tō mata, koinei te take o taua menemene.

E rua atu ngā rōpū matua o ngā io...

Haunga ngā mahi a-tinana me a-tinana kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā io ki ētahi atu wāhanga matua e rua i runga i te putanga mai o ō rātou manga mai i tō tātou roro me te taurakira.

He aha ngā io angaanga?

Nāu tika ēnei.Ngā io e tīmata ana i te roro, ka toro atu ki waho. Tekau mā rua ngā takirua o ēnei io, kia tika. Ko te nuinga ka toro atu ki tō mata, ki tō upoko, me tō kaki. Kei ēnei 'io angaanga' te kaha ki te mahi i ngā mahi pūoro (hei tauira, te hongi, te tirohanga, te reka), ngā mahi nekeneke (hei tauira, te nekehanga kanohi, ngā āhua o te kanohi), ngā mea e rua rānei. Hei tauira, ko ngā 'io angaanga' e āwhina ana i a koe ki te whakaara i ō tukemata ina ohorere koe, ā, ko ngā 'io angaanga' e āwhina ana i a koe ki te hongi.

He aha ngā io tuaiwi?

Ka tīmata ēnei io i roto i tō taurakira . E 31 ngā takirua io e manga mai ana i te taurakira ki raro i tō tuaiwi. Ka taea e ēnei io tuaiwi te mahi i ngā mahi pūoro, ngā mahi nekeneke, ngā mahi e rua rānei. Hei tauira, ina pāngia koe e te ngoikore, te mamae rānei o ō waewae, ka haria e ēnei io te karere ki te taurakira. Waihoki, ko ētahi o ngā urupare ka mahia e koe me te kore e mōhio, pērā i te tango tere i tō ringa ina pā koe ki tētahi mea wera, ka whakahaerehia e ēnei io tuaiwi.

He aha ngā painga o ēnei io mō ō tātou tinana?

Inaianei pea kei te whakaaro koe, 'Āe, kei reira ēnei momo io, engari he aha tā rātou mahi mā tātou?' Ina hoki, me i kore ēnei karere e kiia nei ko ngā 'io', kāore e taea e tātou te mahi i tetahi mea. Tirohia te maha o ngā mea e whakahaerehia ana e rātou:

• Te nekehanga tūao: Ka whakahaere ēnei io i ngā nekehanga katoa e mahia ana e tātou me te mōhio, pērā i te hiki i ō tātou ringa, te neke i ō tātou waewae, te hikoi, me te kōrero.
• Te rongo i ngā mātā katoa:
• Pā - te kare ā-roto e pāngia ana koe e te tangata, e te hau rānei.
• Mamae - Ko te kare ā-roto ka pā ki a koe ina whara koe, ina pāngia rānei koe i tētahi wāhi.
• Te wera, te mātao rānei.
• Te rongo i te wiri.
• Te whakarongo.
• Te taurite - ka āwhina i a koe kia kore e hinga i a koe e hikoi ana.
• Te reka o te reka.
• Te kakara.
• Tirohanga.

Ka tukuna katoatia ēnei mea ki tō tātou roro e ngā 'io'.

• Te whakahaere i te toto toto.
• Te whakahaere manawa.
• Te whakahaere i te nakunaku.
• Te whakahaere i te tere o te ngakau.
• Te urupare ki te ahotea: Te whakarite i te tinana mō tētahi āhuatanga ohorere.

He pēhea te mahi tahi a ngā io me ētahi atu wāhanga o tō tātou pūnaha io?

Āe, kia kite tātou, kāore ēnei 'io' e mahi takitahi. Ka mahi tahi rātou i ēnei mea katoa me te toenga o tō tātou pūnaha io. Me pēhea tēnā e tupu ai?

Kua kōrero kē ahau i mua e rua ngā wāhanga matua o tō tātou pūnaha io:

1.Pūnaha Io o te Taitapa (PNS): Koinei te whatunga io e rere ana puta noa i te tinana. He rite ki ngā rori e rere ana puta noa i te whenua. Ka kohia e ēnei rori (io) ngā karere (ngā kare ā-roto) mai i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te tinana, ka haria ki te huarahi matua, arā, te taurakira.

2. 'Pūnaha Io Matua' (CNS): Koinei tō tātou pokapū whakahaere. Arā, ko te roro me te taurakira . Ko tēnei 'pūnaha io matua' e whiwhi ana i ngā karere katoa e puta mai ana i te 'pūnaha io taha', e mārama ana ki aua karere, ā, e whakatau ana 'me aha te mahi i muri mai?'. Kātahi ka hoki aua whakataunga ki ngā wāhi e tika ana mā roto i ngā 'io'.

Whakaarohia pēnei. Ka werohia he tataramoa ki tō waewae. Ka tukuna te karere mamae e ngā io o tō waewae (wāhanga o te PNS) ki tō taurakira (wāhanga o te CNS). Mai i te taurakira, ka haere te karere ki tō roro (te wāhanga kē atu o te CNS). Ka mārama te roro, "Āe, he tataramoa kua werohia ki ahau, e mamae ana." Kātahi ka tukuna e te roro he karere mā roto i ngā io ki ngā uaua o tō waewae, e kī ana ki a rātou kia "tangohia atu tō waewae." Ā, ka tangohia atu e koe tō waewae. Ka puta katoa ēnei mea i roto i te kimo o te kanohi!

I ētahi wā ka puta mai ēnei urupare hei mahi whakaata , arā, i mua i te whakaaroaro, i te taumata iti o te hinengaro. Hei tauira, ko te mahi i whakahuatia i mua ake nei ko te tango i te ringa mai i tētahi mea wera. Ka puta tēnei i mua i te taenga o te karere ki te roro, te wāhi e whakatau ai te taurakira, ā, ka whakatinanahia. Mā tēnei ka taea e tātou te mawhiti wawe i te kino.

He aha te mea ka tupu i roto i te io ina tukuna he karere?

Kāore tēnei whakawhitiwhiti karere e tupu noa iho. He tukanga tino uaua, engari he mea whakamiharo. Me titiro tātou ki ngā mea ka puta ina haere te hiko i roto i te io:

1. Tuatahi, ka haere tēnei tohu hiko i te taha o tētahi wāhanga roa, rite ki te waea, o te io e kiia nei ko te 'axon' . Whakaarohia he rite ki te iahiko e rere ana i roto i tētahi waea.

2. Ina tae ki te pito o te io, e kiia nei ko te 'axon hill' , ka huri tēnei tohu hiko hei tohu matū .

3. Kātahi, ka tukuna ngā karere matū motuhake e kīia nei ko ngā neurotransmitters mā tēnei tohu matū. Ka tukuna ēnei mai i tētahi neuron (pūtau io) ki roto i tētahi āputa iti i waenganui i te neuron e whai ake nei, i tētahi uaua rānei. Ka kiia tēnei āputa he synapse . He rite ki tētahi piriti.

4. Ka haere aua matūriki 'neurotransmitter' i tukuna ki ngā 'kaiwhakawhiwhi' motuhake i te 'neuron', i te uaua rānei e whai ake nei, ka piri atu ki aua matūriki. Pērā i te kī e uru ana ki roto i te raka.

5. Mā tēnei hononga, ka huri anō taua tohu matū hei tohu hiko.

6. Kātahi ka haere tēnei tohu hiko hou i taua 'neuron' tuarua.

7. Pēnei, ka haere tonu tēnei tukanga kia tae rā anō te karere ki tōna ūnga – arā, ki tētahi wāhi pērā i te roro, i te uaua, i te repe rānei.

Whakaarohia te tere o tēnei katoa! E miriona ngā karere pēnei ka whakawhitiwhitihia i roto i ō tātou tinana i roto i te hēkona kotahi.

Kei hea i roto i tō tātou tinana ēnei io?

Ina hoki, kei ngā wāhi katoa o te tinana ngā io! Pērā i ngā oko toto kei ngā wāhi katoa. Ko te nuinga o ngā io ka tīmata i roto i tō tātou taurakira. Ko ētahi ka tīmata tika i roto i te roro. Kātahi ka horapa puta noa i te tinana.

Anei ētahi o ngā wāhi matua o ngā 'io':

• I roto i ngā ringaringa: Ka rere ngā io mai i tō pakihiwi ki ō matimati. Hei tauira, ko te io Ulnar , te io Median , me te io Radial . I ētahi wā, ina pāngia koe i te tuke, ka rite ki te mea kei te pāngia tō ringa e te ru hiko nā te mea kua pēhia te io Ulnar.
• Uma me te puku: Kei roto i tēnei wāhi ngā io nui, pērā i te io phrenic , e āwhina ana i te manawa, me te io vagus, e whai wāhi ana ki te mahi a te nuinga o ō tātou whekau o roto.
• Kanohi: Kei roto i te kanohi ngā io pērā i te io kanohi, e āwhina ana i a koe ki te menemene, ki te kōrero, me te kati i ō kanohi, te io trigeminal , e kawe ana i ngā kare ā-roto ki te kanohi , me te io whatu , e kawe ana i ngā mea e kite ana koe ki te roro.
• I roto i ngā waewae: He maha ngā io e whakahaere ana i ngā kare ā-roto me ngā nekehanga o ngā waewae. I roto i ēnei, kua rongo pea koe i te io sciatic . Koinei te io roa rawa atu me te nui rawa atu i roto i te tinana. Ina pēhia tēnei io, ka puta te sciatica. Kei roto hoki i ngā waewae ētahi atu io, pērā i te io femoral me te io tibial .
• Pelvis: Kei roto i tēnei wāhi ngā io e pā ana ki te mahi me te kare o ngā whekau, hei tauira , te io pudendal .

Ki te kī māmā noa, ka toro atu tēnei whatunga o ngā 'io' mai i ngā pito o ō maihao ki te tihi o tō mahunga.

Me pēhea te hanganga o te io?

Āe, me titiro tātou ki ngā mea kei roto i te 'io' me tōna hanganga. He rite te 'io' ki tētahi taura nui me ngā waea iti maha kei roto.

He maha ngā wāhanga matua o te io:

• Ngā Ākona: Koinei ngā paihere muka rite ki te waea kei waenganui o te io. Koinei te ara matua mō te kawe karere.
• Ngā Dendrite: Koinei ngā wāhanga peka o te neuron e whiwhi ana i ngā karere hiko mai i ētahi atu neuron.
• Endoneurium: Koinei te paparanga kiko honohono e karapoti ana i te axon.
• Te Perineurium:Ko te paparanga o te kiko honohono e karapoti ana i ngā paihere iti (fascicles) i hangaia mā te hononga o ētahi axons.
• Epineurium: Koinei te paparanga o waho o te kiko honohono e kapi ana i te io katoa, he rite tonu ki te hipoki kirihou i waho o te taura.

Tērā tētahi atu mea tino nui, ko te 'Myelin Sheath' . He momo pūtau kei te taha o ngā 'axons' o ngā 'io' i roto i tō roro, ko ngā 'Oligodendrocytes' me ngā 'Schwann cells' kei te taha o ngā 'axons' o ngā 'io' i waho o te roro me te taurakira (CNS).

Kei roto i ngā pūtau oligodendrocytes me ngā pūtau Schwann tētahi matū ngako e kiia nei ko te myelin. Ka hangaia e tēnei myelin he pūeru maha-paparanga huri noa i te axon, e kiia nei ko te pūeru myelin. He rite tēnei ki te ārai i te waea hiko. Ko tēnei pūeru myelin te mea e āhei ai ngā karere hiko te haere tere i runga i te io. Whakaarohia, ki te pakaru tēnei pūeru myelin, pērā i te turuturu o te ārai i runga i te waea, kāore e taea e ngā io te tuku karere tere. I ētahi wā, ka mutu katoa te tuku karere.

He mate kei reira e pā ana ki ngā io?

Āe, heoi anō, ka pāngia pea ō tātou io tino nui e ngā mate me ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ina pakaru ngā io, ina whakararuraruhia rānei te tuku karere mā roto i aua io, ka puta he maha ngā āhuatanga io.

Anei ētahi āhuatanga noa e pā ana ki ngā io:

• Neuropathy Peripheral: E pā ana tēnei ki te kino o ngā io i waho o tō roro me tō taurakira. He maha ngā take o tēnei. He mea noa tēnei mate i roto i te hunga mate huka . Ko ngā tohu ko te ngoikore, te ngau, te mamae, me te ngoikore o ngā peka.
• Sciatica: Kua kōrerohia e au tēnei i mua. Koinei te wā e pēhia ana, e pēhia ana rānei ngā pakiaka io i tō tuara o raro, i te io sciatic rānei e rere ana i ō waewae. Ka pā mai pea tēnei i te mamae nui me te ngoikore e horapa ana mai i tō tuara ki raro i ō waewae.

He maha atu anō ngā āhuatanga pēnei ka pā ki ngā io, nō reira, ki te pāngia koe e te ngoikore, te māuiui, te ngoikore, te rerekētanga rānei o te kare ā-roto, he mea nui kia toro atu koe ki te tākuta.

He aha tā tātou e taea ai te pupuri i te hauora o ō tātou io?

He rite ō tātou io ki tētahi taonga utu nui. Nō reira, ko tā tātou kawenga kia noho ora, kia ora hoki. Hei whakatutuki i tēnā, me whai i ētahi tikanga māmā engari he mea nui:

• Kaua e kai paipa, me mutu rānei te kai paipa mēnā he kai paipa koe: He tino kino te kai paipa, ehara i te mea ki ngā io anake, engari ki te tinana katoa.
• Kai i ngā kai totika: He mea nui kia kai i ngā kai e nui ana i ngā witi katoa, i ngā ngako hauora, i ngā pūmua kikokore, i ngā hua rākau, me ngā huawhenua. Mā ēnei ka whakaratohia te kai e tika ana mō ngā io.
• Whakaitihia te inu waipiro: Ka taea e te inu nui o te waipiro te kino ki ngā io.
• Whakahaerehia ngā āhuatanga hauora ka pā ki ngā io: Hei tauira, ki te mea he mate tōu pēnei i te Mate Huka Mellitus , he mea tino nui te whakahaere pai i taua mate hei tiaki i ō io.
• Whakaitihia te ahotea: Kāore te ahotea roa e pai mō ngā io. Ngāna ki te whakaiti i te ahotea mā te whakaaroaro me te whakakori tinana.
• Moe pai: He mea tino nui te moe pai mō te 7-8 hāora i te pō mō te tinana katoa, tae atu ki ngā io.
• Inumia he wai nui: Mā te pupuri i te makuku o te tinana ka āwhina i te hauora o ngā io.

Mā te whai i ēnei tikanga ka āwhina i a koe kia ora tonu ō io, tae atu ki tō pūnaha io katoa.

He aha atu anō ngā mea ka taea e koe te pātai ki tō tākuta mō ngā io?

Mena he pātai, he āwangawanga rānei āu mō ō io, he tohu rerekē rānei āu, me toro atu koe ki te tākuta. Mēnā ka pērā koe, ka taea e koe te pātai i ēnei pātai:

• 'Me pēhea taku mōhio mēnā he mamae ōku io?'
• 'He aha te tino take e pāngia ai ahau e tēnei momo mamae 'io'?'
• 'He aha ngā whakamātautau ka taea e au te mahi hei tirotiro i te hauora o ōku io?'
• 'He aha ngā maimoatanga ka taea e au te whiwhi hei whakapai ake i te hauora o taku pūnaha io?'
• 'Me pēhea taku ārai i ēnei raruraru 'io' kei puta anō?'

He mea tino nui kia pātaihia ēnei pātai, kia mārama ai hoki koe ki tō āhuatanga.

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)

Āe, kua kōrerohia e tātou he maha ngā mea mō ngā io i tēnei rā. Hei whakamutunga, ko te mea nui me maumahara koe ko ngā io he pūnaha tino whakamiharo, matatini hoki e rere ana puta noa i ō tātou tinana, mai i te mahunga ki te waewae.

Ka hono ēnei 'io' i tō tātou roro, i te taurakira, me ngā wāhanga katoa o tō tātou tinana. Koia te take ka taea e tātou te rongo, te neke, te whakaaro, me te kōrero. Ehara i te mea koinā anake, engari ka whakahaere anō hoki ēnei 'io' i ngā mea 'aunoa' e mahia ana e tātou me te kore mōhio, pērā i te manawa me te nakunaku kai.

Nō reira, kei a koe te kawenga ki te pupuri i te hauora o tō pūnaha io utu nui. Mā te whai i ngā tikanga hauora i kōrerotia e au i mua ake nei (te kai pai, te whakakori tinana, te moe nui, me te kore e momi hikareti) ka whakapakari i tō pūnaha io katoa. Mena he āwangawanga āu, kaua e mangere ki te kōrero ki te tākuta. Kātahi ka taea e koe te noho hauora, harikoa hoki!

Ngā io, te roro, te taurakira, te pūnaha io, te kare ā-roto, te nekehanga