He aha tēnei pūkahu myelin e karapoti ana i ō tātou pūtau io? Me kōrero taipitopito tātou mō tēnei mea!

Kua whakaaro kē koe ki te tere me te mohio o ngā karere iti i roto i ō tātou tinana, arā, ngā pūtau io? Inaa, ko tō tātou tinana katoa, mai i te huarahi e whakaaro ai tātou ki te huarahi e neke ai ō tātou ringa me ō tātou waewae, kei raro i te mana o tēnei pūnaha io. Nō reira, i tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi mea tino nui e āwhina ana i ēnei pūtau io kia mahi tika. Ko te Pūkahu Myelin tēnā .

He aha te Pūkahu Myelin? Kia mārama tātou!

He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, ko te pūeru myelin he uhi tiaki e takai ana i ia pūtau io (e kiia nei hoki ko '(Neuron)'). He rite ki te karapu iti. He mea hanga ki ngā ngako (arā, '(Lipids)') me ngā pūmua. Ka hipokina e tēnei uhi te wāhanga "matua" o te pūtau io, e kiia nei ko te axon . Whakaarohia he rite ki te waea hiko i roto i ō tātou kāinga. He pūeru kirihou kei roto i ngā waea parahi. Koinei te āhua o te tiaki a tēnei pūeru myelin i ngā pūtau io, ā, ka āwhina i a rātou ki te mahi tika.

He aha ngā wāhanga o te neuron? He rite ki te rākau!

I mua i tā tātou kōrero atu mō te pūkahu myelin, me mārama tātou he aha te pūtau io me ōna wāhanga. Ko ngā pūtau io te pūtake o tā tātou pūnaha io . He rite tēnei pūnaha io ki te pokapū whakawhiti kōrero matua i roto i tō tātou tinana. Ka whiwhi ia i ngā kōrero mai i te tinana katoa, ka aro atu ki a ia, ka urutau ki ngā mea e tupu ana i roto, i waho hoki o te tinana. Ina whakaarohia he pūtau io, e toru ngā wāhanga matua. Whakaarohia he rite te pūtau io ki te rākau : 1. Soma, Tinana Pūtau rānei: He rite tēnei ki te pūnaha pakiaka o te rākau. Ko ngā dendrite , he rite ki ngā pakiaka o te soma, ka mimiti i ngā "matūkai" mai i te oneone. Engari i konei, ko ngā "matūkai" he karere matū e puta mai ana i ētahi atu pūtau io e tata ana. Kātahi ka hurihia ēnei karere hei hiko. Kei roto hoki i tēnei soma te pūtake o te pūtau. 2. Axon: He rite tēnei ki te take roa o te rākau. Pērā i ngā matūkai e mimitihia ana mai i ngā pakiaka o te rākau e piki ake ana i te take, ka haria hoki e te axon ngā hiko e puta mai ana i te soma. 3. Te Pūtake o te Ākiona: He rite tēnei ki ngā puku i ngā pito o ngā manga o te rākau. Ka puta mai ngā rau me te hae i roto i ēnei puku. Mā tēnei, ka "tukuna" ngā hikohiko mai i tēnei pūtake o te ākiona kia taea ai te tango e te pūtau io e whai ake nei. Ka haere tonu tēnei tukanga kia tae rā anō te karere ki tō roro, ki tō taurakira , ki ētahi atu wāhanga rānei o tō tinana. Ko te mutunga mai, ko ngā mea pēnei i ngā uaua e whakawhāiti ana hei neke i tō ringa, hei āwhina i a koe ki te manawa, hei patu rānei i tō ngākau. Inaianei pea kua mōhio koe ki te hanganga taketake o te pūtau io.

He aha te mea ka tupu ki te Pūkahu Myelin?

E toru ngā mahi matua a te pūkahu myelin:

• Te whakarato tiaki: E ai ki taku kōrero i mua ake nei, ka whakaratohia e tēnei paninga ngako-pūmua he whakamarumaru tiaki mō te pūtau io , he rite tonu ki te takotoranga kirihou e karapoti ana i ngā waea o te taura hiko.
• Te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tere: Koinei te take e tere ai, e whai hua ai hoki te haere o ngā hiko mai i tētahi pūtau io ki tētahi atu. Me i kore te myelin, ka tino puhoi tēnei haerenga.
• Te pupuri i te kaha o te hihiri: Ka āwhina hoki tēnei pūkahu myelin ki te pupuri i te kaha o te karere i a ia e haere ana i te taha o te axon.

Ka hangaia te myelin e ngā pūtau e kiia nei ko ngā oligodendrocytes i roto i tō tātou roro me te taurakira (e kiia nei e tātou ko te Pūnaha Nervous Matua (CNS) . Waihoki, ka hangaia te myelin e ngā pūtau Schwann i roto i tō tātou Pūnaha Nervous Takahuri (te whatunga o ngā io i waho o te pūnaha io matua, e horapa ana puta noa i te tinana). Ko ēnei io takahuri te mea e tuku karere ana i waenga i te pūnaha io matua me te toenga o te tinana.

He aha te ingoa o ngā āputa i roto i te pūkahu myelin?

Kaua e whakaaro ki te pūeru myelin he uhi matotoru, tonu. Kāo, he rite ki te tereina roa o ngā pouaka. Ki te mutunga o tētahi pouaka, ki te tīmatanga o tētahi pouaka, he āputa iti kei reira. Waihoki, ko te pūeru myelin he mea hanga mai i tētahi raupapa o ngā aho myelin e wehea ana tetahi i tetahi. Ko ia o ēnei aho myelin e kiia ana he internode . Ko ēnei āputa iti i waenganui i ngā aho myelin e rua e kiia ana ko ngā pona o Ranvier . He nui ngā iona konutai pai kei roto i ēnei pona o Ranvier. Ina haere tētahi tohu hiko, te nekehanga rānei, i te taha o te axon, ka peke atu i tētahi pona o Ranvier ki tētahi atu. Ina whiti i tēnei āputa, ka whakakī anō ngā iona konutai i te tohu hiko. Kātahi ka taea e te tohu te haere tonu me te kore e ngaro tōna utu, e ngaro rānei tōna kaha. He tikanga tino whakamiharo, kāore?

Ka aha mēnā ka pakaru te pūkahu myelin?

E kiia ana kei roto i tō tātou tinana te 100 piriona pūtau io. Kei te mahi tonu ia o ēnei, e tuku ana, e whiwhi ana i ngā karere, e whakahaere ana i ngā mahi katoa o tō tātou tinana. Whakaarohia te mea ka tupu mēnā ka pakaru te pūkahukahu myelin e karapoti ana i ēnei pūtau io. Kātahi ka puhoi te tere o te tohu hiko, ka mutu rānei. Ko tētahi o ngā tino take o te kino o te myelin ko te pūnaha ārai mate o tō tātou tinana.Ka whakaaro hē ngā pūtau he mea tauhou te myelin nō waho. Kātahi ka tīmata tā tātou pūnaha ārai mate ki te whakaeke i te myelin. Mā tēnei ka puta he matū mumura, ka kino ai te myelin. Ā tōna wā, ka mate hoki ngā pūtau e hanga ana i te myelin (ngā oligodendrocytes me ngā pūtau Schwann). Ko tēnei whakangaromanga o te pūkahu myelin e kiia ana ko te demyelination . I runga i te wāhi e whakaekea ai te myelin, ka rerekē ō tohu.

He aha ngā mate ka pakaru i te myelin?

He maha ngā mate e kino ai te myelin. Kua rongo pea koe i ētahi o ēnei mate.

Ngā mate e pā ana ki te myelin i roto i te pūnaha io matua (CNS):

Ko te mate tino noa kua rongohia e te nuinga o te tangata, e whakaeke ana i te myelin o te pūnaha io matua (arā, te roro me te taurakira), ko te multiple sclerosis . Hei tāpiri, he maha atu anō ngā mate e pā ana ki te myelin o te pūnaha io matua:

• Te Encephalomyelitis Horahia Whakapeka: He tauhohenga ārai mate onge, whakapeka, kino hoki tēnei e puta ana i roto i te pūnaha io matua.
• Te Sclerosis a Schilder: E mōhiotia ana ko te "Diffuse Myelinoclastic Sclerosis", he mate neurodegenerative onge tēnei e pā ana ki ngā tamariki.
• Te Myelitis Whakawhiti: He mate pūnaha ārai mate tēnei e puta ai te mumura o te taurakira.
• Neuromyelitis Optica: I tēnei, ka whakaekea e te pūnaha ārai mate ngā io o te kanohi me te taurakira mā roto i ngā paturopi .
• Neuritis whatu: Kei roto hoki i tēnei te mumura o te io whatu.
• Te Whakakorenga Myelination Tumefactive: He whara kotahi tēnei e kino ana ki te myelin, he nui ake i te 2 henimita te rahi.

Ngā mate e pā ana ki te myelin i roto i te pūnaha io peripheral:

• Te Mate Guillain-Barre: Ka puta pea ēnei tohu i muri i te mate, i muri rānei i te werohanga, he tino onge.
• Te Polyradiculoneuropathy Mumura Mau Tonu ( CIDP ): He mate pūnaha ārai mate ahu whakamua tēnei e whakaeke ana i te myelin.
• Te Neuropathy Paraproteinemic Demyelinating: He momo neuropathy tēnei e pā ana ki te aroaro o tētahi paturopi e pā ana ki te mate pukupuku.
• Mate niho Charcot Marie momo 1 me te momo X: He mate io tuku iho tēnei.
• Te Kore o te Parahi: Ina iti te taumata o te parahi, ka ngaro ngā āhuatanga tiaki o te myelin, ā, ka ngawari ake te pakaru.

He aha atu ngā āhuatanga ka kino ai te myelin?

Tērā atu anō ngā take e pakaru ai, e whakangaromia ai rānei te pūkahukahu myelin i roto i ngā pakeke:

• Whiu
• Ngā Mate Pukupuku, Ngā Mate Pūnaha Ārai Mate me ngā Mate Pūnaha Pūnaha (`(Ngā Mate Pūnaha Pūnaha)`)
• Ngā momo paitini
• Te ngoikore o te huaora B12
• Ko ētahi rongoā, hei tauira ko te `(Ethambutol)`
• Te nui rawa o te whakamahi waipiro

Hei tāpiritanga, i roto i ētahi mate tuku iho tino onge, kāore te pūkahu myelin e hanga tika. Ko ētahi tauira ko te Mate Tay-Sachs , te Mate Gaucher , te Mate Hurler, me te Mate Niemann-Pick .

Whakaarohia te nui o te ngoikore o ngā mahi a tō tātou tinana mēnā ka āraia ēnei ara tere e kawe ana i ngā karere i roto i tō tātou tinana, pērā i te noho pūmau i roto i te waka. Koia te take he mea nui te hauora o te pūkahu myelin.

Ka taea te whakatika i te pakaru o te myelin?

Koinei te pātai a te tini tāngata. Ae, ka taea te whakatika i te myelin kua pakaru , i roto i te pūnaha io matua me te pūnaha io taha. Engari he mea nui kia whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga e pakaru ai te myelin, pērā i te mumura, me te whakamahi i te pehi/whakarerekētanga ārai mate (hei tauira , ngā steroids , te immunoglobulin intravenous (IVIG) , me ētahi atu rongoā). Kua tino ahu whakamua ngā kaipūtaiao ki te mārama ki ngā huarahi pea hei whakatairanga i te whakatikatika myelin. Ahakoa he rangahau whai hua, kāore anō kia mārama te nui o ngā painga kua puta mai i a rātou mō ngā tūroro. Kāore anō kia whakaaetia he rongoā mō te whakatikatika myelin i tēnei wā. Anei ētahi tauira mai i ngā rangahau:

• Kua whakaatuhia e tētahi whakamātautau haumanu iti Wāhanga II he āhuatanga whakatikatika myelin tō te antihistamine ā-waha clemastine. I whakapai ake a Clemastine i te tuku tohu hiko i roto i ngā tūroro sclerosis maha me te kino o te io whatu. I kitea i tētahi atu whakamātautau tuatahi i te tangata ko te whakakotahitanga o te rongoā mate huka metformin me te clemastine i āwhina i te whakaora anō i te myelin.
• Ngā Pūtau TakeMā te aukati i tētahi ngota i roto i ngā pūtau oligodendrocyte, e hanga ana i te myelin i roto i te pūnaha io matua (koinei ngā "poraka hanga" o ngā momo pūtau katoa), ka taea e ngā kiore he tohu rite ki te sclerosis maha te whakatika i ō rātou myelin me te ora ake ki tētahi taumata.
• Kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau mō te kaha o ngā pūtau take ki te whakatika i te kino o te myelin me te whakaroa i te haere whakamua o te mate.
• He pai te āhua o ētahi atu rongoā hei tiaki i te pūnaha io mai i ngā kino atu anō. I whakaitihia e te rongoā anti-inflammatory ibudilast te tere o te mate o ngā pūtau roro (atrophy) i roto i tētahi whakamātautau Wāhanga II. Kua whakaatuhia he haumaru te rongoā mate haurangi phenytoin , e whakaiti ana i te kino o te myelin mā te 30% ki te whakaritea ki te placebo. Tērā pea ka āwhina te waikawa lipoic antioxidant ki te ārai i ngā kino atu anō ki ngā muka io.

Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga

Nō reira, ka kite koe i te hiranga o tēnei pūkahu myelin ki te mahi hauora o tō tātou pūnaha io. He mea nui te myelin mō te mahi tika o ēnei piriona pūtau io e kōrero ana ki ngā wāhanga katoa o tō tātou tinana, e whakahaere ana hoki i ngā mea katoa.

• He pūeru tiaki te myelin i hangaia mai i ngā ngako me ngā pūmua e karapoti ana i ngā pūtau io.
• Ka āwhina i te tere me te whai hua o ngā nekehanga o te io.
• Ka taea e te kino o te myelin te arahi ki ngā mate kino pēnei i te sclerosis maha.
• Kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau mō ngā tikanga hei whakahaere me te whakatika i ngā mate e kino ai te myelin.

He maha ngā mate me ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki te myelin. Ko te multiple sclerosis te mea tino rongonui o ēnei. Engari ko te rongo pai ko te rapu tonu a ngā kairangahau i ngā huarahi hei tiaki, hei whakatika, hei whakaora anō hoki i te myelin. Ā, kei te ahu whakamua rātou i roto i te mahi pera. Nō reira, kei reira te tumanako!

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Myelin, pūkahu myelin, pūtau io, neurons, pūnaha io, pūnaha io matua, pūnaha io taha, demyelination, sclerosis maha