Nā, he aha tēnei pūnaha io ā-taha (PNS)?
Ki te kī ngāwari, ko te PNS te whatunga io e rere ana i roto i tō tinana, engari ko tō roro me tō tuaiwi (e kiia nei e tātou ko te Pūnaha Io Matua, ko te CNS rānei). He rite te roro me te tuaiwi ki ngā tāone nui e rua i roto i te whenua. Engari kaua e whai whatunga rori e hono ana i aua tāone e rua, me ngā kāinga me ngā whare katoa. Koinei te āhua o te PNS. E rua āna mahi matua: 1. Te kohikohi i ngā mōhiohio mai i ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō tinana – ō waewae, kiri, kanohi, taringa, me ētahi atu – me te tuku atu ki te roro me te tuaiwi. 2. Te whiwhi whakahau mai i te roro me te tuaiwi me te tuku atu ki ngā wāhanga tika o tō tinana – ō uaua, repe, me ētahi atu. Whakaarohia he tataramoa iti e wero ana i tō waewae. Me pēhea koe e rongo ai i taua mamae? Koinei te wāhi e kawe ai ngā io i roto i te `(PNS)` i te karere "I got a sting" ki te roro. Kātahi ka whakatau te roro, "Āe, me neke atu taku waewae." Ka hoki taua whakahau mā te `(PNS)` ki ngā uaua o tō waewae, ā, ka neke atu tō waewae. He mea whakamiharo? Ko ētahi o ngā mea e whakahaerehia ana e tēnei `(PNS)`, hei tauira, ko tō manawa pā me te nekenekehanga o te puku, ka puta aunoa . Ko te tikanga kāore koe e hiahia ki te whakaaro ki aua mea. Engari ko ngā mea pēnei i te hiki i tō ringa me te kōrero he mea e mahia ana e koe me te mōhio . Kei roto te `(PNS)` i ēnei mea e rua.He aha te rerekētanga i waenganui i te `(PNS)` me te `(CNS)`?
E ai ki tā mātou i kōrero ai i mua ake nei, e rua ngā wāhanga matua o tō tātou pūnaha io:- Pūnaha Io Matua (CNS): Ko te roro me te taurakira anake te mea kei roto i tēnei. He rite tēnei ki te "pokapū whakahaere" o tō tātou tinana.
- Pūnaha Io o te Taitapa (PNS): Koinei ngā io katoa i waho o te CNS. Ka tīmata ēnei io i te taurakira me ētahi wāhanga o te roro ka rere ki tō mata me ngā wāhanga katoa o tō tinana. Ko te tikanga o te kupu "peripheral" ko "huri noa" "i waho rānei i te pokapū."
He aha te mahi a te pūnaha io ā-taha (PNS)?
E rua ngā pūnaha matua o tō `(PNS)`: 1. Te `(Pūnaha Nervous Aunoa)`:Koinei ngā tukanga ka whakahaerea aunoatia e koe, me te kore e whakaarohia e koe. Hei tauira, te manawa, te ngākau, te nakunaku. 2. Pūnaha Io o te Tinana: Koinei ngā tukanga ka whakahaerea e koe me te mōhio. Hei tauira, te hikoi, te tuhituhi, te kōrero. Mā roto i ēnei pūnaha iti e rua ka mahi te PNS i ana mahi matua e toru:- Ngā Āhuatanga : He mea tino nui te PNS ki te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio ki te roro mō te ao e karapoti ana i a koe. He wāhanga tēnei o te Pūnaha Nervous Somatic. Ko ngā mea e kite ana koe, e rongo ana koe, e pā ana koe (te makariri, te wera, te pā , te mamae), te reka, te hongi, ka haere katoa ki te roro mā te PNS.
- Nekehanga: Ka haria e ngā io o te PNS ngā whakahau ki ngā uaua katoa o tō tinana ka taea e koe te whakahaere ā-hinengaro. He wāhanga anō hoki tēnei o te Pūnaha Io Somatic. Kei roto ko ngā mea katoa mai i te mea ngāwari pēnei i te waru i tō ihu ki te mea uaua pēnei i te kanikani.
- Ngā tukanga kore mohio: Koinei ngā tukanga nui e mahia ana e te roro hei pupuri i a koe kia ora tonu me te kore e whakaarohia e koe. Hei tauira, ko ngā mea pēnei i te tere o te manawa me te toto toto . Ko te " Pūnaha Io Motuhake " e āwhina ana i tēnei.
Te kawe mai o ngā mōhiotanga ki te roro (te kare ā-roto)
Whakaarohia tō roro he rorohiko tino kaha. Engari ko taua rorohiko, me te kore he whakaurunga mai i waho, kāore e taea te mōhio ki tetahi mea mō te ao o waho. Koia te hiranga o te PNS. Pērā i te rorohiko e hiahia ana ki te kāmera, ki te hopuoro, me te papapātuhi hei whiwhi mōhiohio mai i waho, me hiahia hoki te roro ki te PNS. Ko tō PNS te huarahi e whiwhi ai tō roro i ngā mōhiohio mō te ao o waho. He maha ngā io o te PNS e hono ana ki te taurakira ka haere ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana. Engari he momo io motuhake e kiia nei ko ngā Io Cranial , e hono tika ana ki te roro. Ka haria e ēnei io ngā tohu mai i tō ihu, taringa, me te waha, me ngā tohu mai i ngā tini rongo, ki te roro. Ko ēnei hoki ngā io cranial e whakarato ana i te pā ki te kiri o tō mata, tō upoko, me tō kaki. Ko ētahi atu io peripheral kua horapa puta noa i tō tinana. Ka rere ēnei ki raro ki ngā pito o ō maihao me ō matimati. Ka āwhina hoki ngā io sensory i roto i ō ringaringa me ō waewae i tō roro ki te whiwhi mōhiohio mai i te ao o waho. Ko ngā io motor te mea e āhei ai koe ki te neke i ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō tinana.Me pēhea te whakahaere i te nekehanga
Ko ngā io ā-taha, e horapa ana puta noa i tō tinana, e kawe ana i ngā whakahau mai i tō roro ki ō uaua. Koinei ngā mea e āhei ai koe ki te neke haere me te mahi i ngā mea. Ka taea e rātou te mahi i ngā mea katoa mai i ngā mea ngāwari pēnei i te waru i tō ihu ki ngā mea uaua pēnei i te takaro i ngā pōro e toru, e whā rānei.Te whakahaere i ngā tukanga kore mohio
Ka mahi tō "Pūnaha Io Ā-Whaiaro" me te kore koe e whakaaro ki tēnā. He wāhanga o tō roro e mahi tonu ana, e whakahaere ana i ngā tukanga e ora ai koe. He mea nui tō "PNS" kia taea ai e tō roro te whakahaere i aua tukanga. Hei tauira, ko te tere o tō manawa, ko te manawa, ko te toto toto, me te nekehanga o te kai i roto i ō whekau.He aha ngā momo tohu io?
He maha ngā pūtau io (Ngā Pūtau Io, ngā Neuron rānei) e hanga ana i ō io. He wāhanga roa, he rite ki te ringa, kei roto i ēnei pūtau io, e kiia nei ko te axon . Ka mirohia ngātahitia ēnei pūtau io me ō rātou axon hei hanga muka io. He rite ki te miro tuitui i hangaia mā te miro tahi i ētahi miro. Ko ētahi o ngā io o ēnei paihere io ka kawe i ngā mōhiohio ki te roro, ko ētahi ka kawe i ngā mōhiohio mai i te roro. E toru ngā momo matua o ngā tohu io:- Ngā Io Pūrongo: Ka haria e ēnei ngā kōrero ki te roro me te taurakira. Ka hono tika atu ki te roro mā roto i ngā io angaanga , ka haria rānei ngā kōrero ki ngā io tuaiwi, kātahi ka haere ki te taurakira. Kei muri o te taurakira ngā io pūrongo e hono atu ana ki te taurakira.
- Ngā Io Pūkaha: Ka haria e ēnei ngā whakahau mai i te roro ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te tinana. Ka haria e ēnei ngā mōhiohio ki waho o te roro anake . Ka hono ngā io pūkaha ki te taurakira i mua. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, kei reira noa ēnei io hei tuku whakahau hei neke i ngā uaua .
- Ngā Io Aunoa: Koinei ngā io e whakahaere ana i ngā mahi aunoa o ngā whekau me ngā pūnaha o tō tinana. He maha ngā wā he muka io whakauru o ngā io aunoa. Ko ētahi ka kawe i ngā whakahau mai i te roro ki te wāhi tika, ko ētahi ka kawe i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te mahi a aua whekau ki te roro.
He pēhea te āwhina a te PNS i ētahi atu māia?
Ko te Pūnaha Io Motuhake, he wāhanga o tō PNS, ka āwhina i tō roro ki te whakahaere i ngā whekau nui katoa o tō tinana. Ka āwhina hoki i tō roro ki te tiaki i a ia anō. Hei tauira, ko tō roro te kaiwhakahaere o tō tere ngakau. Ka whakarite kia pupuhihia e tō ngakau te toto ki tō tinana me tō roro. Ki te kore taua rere toto, ka mate pea tō roro i roto i ngā meneti. Ka haria hoki e te PNS ngā tohu io mai i aua whekau ki tō roro. Hei tauira, ko te māhana o tō puku ina inu koe i tētahi mea wera, ko te māhana rānei i muri i te kai.Kei hea a `(PNS)`?
Ka horapa tō ``(PNS)`` puta noa i tō tinana engari ko tō tuaiwi me tō roro. Kei roto i ēnei:- Ngā Io o te Angaanga: E 12 ngā takirua io e hono tika ana ki te roro. Tekau mā tahi o ēnei nō te PNS (ko te io tuarua o te angaanga - te mea e whakahaere ana i tō tirohanga - nō te CNS). Ko ēnei io tekau mā tahi te kawenga mō tō hongi, tō tangi, tō reka, me tō pā i te kiri o tō mahunga, o tō mata, me tō kaki. Ko tētahi o ēnei tekau mā tahi, ko te Io o te Angaanga, e rere ana ki raro, e hono ana ki ngā okana nui katoa mai i tō kaki ki tō koroni.
- Ngā io tuaiwi: Koinei ngā takirua io e 31 e hono ana ki te taurakiraki i te taumata o ia tuaiwi (wheua) o tō tuaiwi.
Whakaarohia te pūnaha io he rākau e huripokitia ana. Ko tō roro te pūtake o te rākau, ko tō tuaiwi te pūtake. Ko tō "PNS" he rite ki ngā manga me ngā wana o te rākau, e horapa ana ki te toenga o tō tinana.
He aha te mea i hangaia ai te `(PNS)`?
He maha ngā momo pūtau io me ngā hanganga o tō PNS. Ko ngā neuron ngā pokapū whakahaere o ngā io ā-taha me te angaanga, ā, he axon me he dendrite ō rātou, he rite ki ngā huarahi e kawe ana i ngā mōhiohio. Ko ngā momo pūtau e whai ake nei, ā, kei raro nei ētahi atu kōrero mō rātou:Ngā Neuron
Ko ngā neuron he pūtau e whakamahi ana i ngā tohu hiko me ngā tohu matū hei tuku me te whiwhi tohu puta noa i tō pūnaha io. Kei ia neuron ēnei wāhanga:- Tinana pūtau: Koinei te wāhanga matua o te pūtau.
- Ākona: He wāhanga roa, rite ki te ringa, e toro atu ana i te tinana pūtau. Kei te pito o te ākona he maha ngā toronga rite ki te maihao, ka hurihia te tohu hiko o te neuron hei tohu matū. Ka hono atu ēnei toronga, e kiia nei ko ngā synapses , ki ētahi atu pūtau io tata.
- Ngā Dendrite: Koinei ngā hanganga iti, pekapeka o te tinana pūtau (nō te kupu Latina te ingoa, ko tōna tikanga he "rite ki te rākau"). Ko ngā dendrite te wāhi e whiwhi ai ngā tohu matū mai i ngā hononga pūtau o ētahi atu neuron.
- Myelin: He paparanga angiangi tēnei o ngā matū ngako. Ka karapotia e te myelin ngā axon o ngā neuron maha, hei hipoki tiaki.
Ngā pūtau glial
He maha ngā mahi a ngā pūtau glial (e whakahuatia ana ko gl-yal). Ka āwhina rātou ki te whakawhanake me te pupuri i ngā neuron i a koe e tamariki ana, ā, ka whakahaere hoki i te mahi a ngā neuron puta noa i tō oranga. Ka tiaki i tō pūnaha io mai i te mate, ka whakahaere i te taurite matū o tō pūnaha io, ā, ka hanga i te pukupuku myelin huri noa i ngā axon o ngā neuron. Tekau ngā wā he nui ake ngā pūtau glial i ngā neuron i roto i tō pūnaha io.He aha ngā mate me ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tēnei pūnaha io?
Ko te Neuropathy Peripheral he āhuatanga e pāngia ai, e pakaru ai rānei tō pūnaha io peripheral (PNS). He maha ngā take o tēnei. Ko ētahi tauira noa ko:- Mate Huka Momo 2: Ka taea e te mate huka momo 2 kāore i te whakahaeretia, i te kore rānei e rongoātia te kino ki tō pūnaha io taha (PNS). Koinei te take e mōrearea ai te hunga mate huka ki te ngaro o te rongo i ō rātou waewae me ō rātou waewae. Ko tēnei momo mate huka te tino take o te neuropathy taha.
- Ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate me ngā mate mumura: Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā mate pēnei i te Lupus, te mate Guillain-Barré, me te Rheumatoid Arthritis.
- Te mate a Hansen (e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te repera): Ahakoa he kitea ake ngā pānga o tēnei mate ki te kiri, he mea onge i ngā whenua whakawhanake, ka taea hoki e ia te kino ki te PNS.
- Ngā āhuatanga whānau me ngā āhuatanga ira: Ko ēnei ngā raruraru i whānau mai ai koe. Ko ngā āhuatanga ira ko ngā mea i tukuna iho mai i tētahi o ngā mātua, i ngā mātua e rua rānei.
- Ngā Mate Pukupuku: Ka pāngia pea ngā io e ngā huaketo pērā i te HIV, ngā huakita rānei pērā i te Borrelia burgdorferi, e hua ai te mate Lyme. Ko tētahi atu tauira noa ko te shingles, ka mamae pea ngā io mō tētahi wā.
- Ngā rongoā me ngā tikanga hauora: Ka taea e ētahi momo paturopi me ngā rongoā chemotherapy mō te mate pukupuku te kino i te PNS. Ka taea hoki tēnei momo kino o te io te puta hei pānga taha o te pokanga.
- Ngā paitini me ngā paitini: Ka taea e ngā konganuku taumaha paitini pērā i te mercury, te mata rānei te kino i te PNS. He maha ngā matū ahumahi ka taea hoki te whakararu i tēnei momo kino.
- Whara: Ka taea e ngā aituā te whakararu i ngā io. Ka roa pea, ka pumau rānei. Ka taea hoki e te pupuhi i puta mai i te whara te whakararu i te PNS. Ko te Carpal Tunnel Syndrome me te Sciatica he tauira o ngā āhuatanga i puta mai i te whakararu i ngā io.
- Ngā pukupuku: Ka taea e ngā pukupuku kino me ngā pukupuku pai te whakararuraru i te mahi a tō PNS.
He aha ngā tohu, ngā āhuatanga rānei e pā ana ki ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te `(PNS)`?
Ko ngā tohu o ngā raruraru o te PNS e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo io e pāngia ana. Ka pā pea te kino ki ngā io nekeneke ki ngā uaua i ēnei ara e whai ake nei:- Ngāwari.
- Te wiriwiri, te oho, te wiri, te nekeneke rānei o te uaua.
- Te ngoikore o te uaua.
- Te ngaronga o te mana whakahaere.
- Te hekenga, te ngaro rānei o te pā o te ringa i te wāhi e pāngia ana: Ina heke te pā o te ringa, ka rite pea ki te mau karapu, ki tētahi mea rānei e ārai ana i tō pā. Tērā pea ka ngaro anō hoki tō kaha ki te rongo i te pāmahana, i te wiri rānei. Mēnā ka pā tēnei āhuatanga ki ngā ringaringa, ki ngā waewae rānei, ka tino uaua ngā mahi ngāwari pēnei i te hikoi, te pātene rānei i te hāte.
- Te ngoikore, te ngaro rānei o te kare ā-roto (Paresthesia): He rite tēnei ki te ngau o te ringa, o te waewae rānei. Arā, he kare ā-roto "ngoikore" i te wāhi e pāngia ana.
- Mamae neuropathic: He rite tonu tēnei ki te mamae wera, ki te mamae koi rānei huri noa i te wāhi e pāngia ana. I ētahi wā, ka tino kaha te mamae, ā, kāore e taea e koe te moe, te mahi rānei i ngā mahi noa. I ētahi āhuatanga, pērā i te Allodynia, ka taea te rongo i te mamae ahakoa he mea ngohengohe, pērā i te kākahu, i te moenga rānei, e pā ana ki tō tinana.
- Pūnaha tohanga toto: Ka taea e te kino o te pūnaha io motuhake te whakararuraru i te kaha o te tinana ki te whakahaere i te toto toto.
- Pūnaha nakunaku: I runga i te wāhanga o te pūnaha nakunaku e pāngia ana, ka puta pea ngā raruraru nakunaku.
- Te whakahaere kiri me te pāmahana: Ko te hunga kua pakaru te io autonomic ka uaua ki te noho whakamarie i te rangi wera. Ka nui rawa te werawera (hyperhidrosis) ka kore rawa rānei (anhidrosis).
He aha ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana hei tirotiro i te hauora o tēnei wāhanga o te tinana?
He maha ngā whakamātautau hei āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tō PNS. Ko te whakamātautau tino noa ko te whakamātautau io . Ka tono tō tākuta kia whakamahia e koe ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō tinana, inā koa ō ringaringa, ō waewae, me ō waewae, i roto i ētahi huarahi. Ko ētahi o ngā whakamātautau tino noa ko:- Ngā whakamātautau toto: Ka taea e ēnei te kite i te whānuitanga o ngā raruraru, mai i ngā raruraru pūnaha ārai mate ki ngā paitini me ngā paitini, inā koa ngā konganuku pēnei i te mercury me te mata.
- Ngā whakamātautau mō te kawe io .
- Te whakamātautau hiko-miokaramu (EMG).
- Te oro-mataara io `(Oro-mataara io)` .
- Te koiora io .
- Te whakamātautau ira .
- Whakaahua Āhua Aukume (MRI) .
He aha ngā maimoatanga noa mō tēnei okana?
He rerekē ngā maimoatanga mō ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te PNS, pērā i ngā raruraru tonu. I roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, mā te rongoā i te pūtake o ngā raruraru PNS ka taea te whakaiti i ngā pānga ki taua pūnaha. Waihoki, ko ngā maimoatanga e whai hua ana mō tētahi āhuatanga (ngā āhuatanga rite rānei) kāore pea e whai hua mō ētahi atu momo raruraru. Ko ētahi o ngā maimoatanga pea ko:- Ngā Rongoā: He maha ngā rongoā e wātea ana hei rongoā i ngā raruraru PNS. Ka puta mai ēnei i roto i ngā momo rerekē, pērā i ngā werohanga, ngā rongoā ā-waha, ngā papaki tuku puhoi rānei.
- Pokanga: Ka taea e te pokanga te āwhina i te hono anō i ngā io kua motu, me te whakamamae i te mamae i puta mai i ngā io kua kopikopiko.
- Te Whakaoho Hiko o te Io (TENS): Ka whakamahia he iahiko ngawari hei whakararuraru i te huarahi e tukuna ai ngā tohu mamae e ngā io.
- Te tango i te io: Ka whara ā-tauira tēnei tikanga i te io e hē ana te whanonga. Ka aukati tēnei kino i te tuku tohu a te io e hē ana te whanonga ki te roro, ka āwhina i te rongoā i te mamae mau tonu.
- Te whakaora tinana: Ka taea e tēnei te āwhina i a koe ki te ora mai i ngā whara, i ngā tikanga hauora rānei, te whakaiti rānei i ngā tohu mamae. Ka taea hoki e ia te āwhina i a koe ki te urutau ki ngā huringa o tō pūnaha io.
- Te wero ngira: I roto i tēnei tikanga, ka werohia ngā ngira tino angiangi ki roto i ngā pūwāhi rerekē o tō tinana. Ahakoa e mōhiotia ana tēnei tikanga he tikanga Hainamana tawhito, kei te piki haere te whakamahinga i roto i te rongoā hou. He maha ngā tākuta, inā koa ngā tohunga whakamoe mamae, ngā tohunga whakahaere mamae rānei, e whakamahi ana i te wero ngira hei rongoā i ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te io.
- Ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu ka taea te mau: Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā taputapu hauora, pērā i ngā whītiki, ngā tokotoko me ngā taputapu hikoi, me ngā mea pērā i ngā hū rongoā.
Me pēhea taku tiaki i ahau i ngā mate me ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te `(PNS)`?
Ko te mea nui ko te karo i ngā āhuatanga maha ka kino pea te `(PNS)`. Anei ētahi o ngā mea tino nui ka taea e koe te mahi:- Kai i tētahi kai taurite:Ka pāngia tō pūnaha io e ētahi ngoikoretanga huaora, inā koa te ngoikore o te huaora B12, ā, ka puta he raruraru nui. Ko ētahi atu huaora, inā koa te B6, he paitini ina nui rawa te tango, ka puta ai te `(Peripheral Neuropathy)`.
- Kia kaha tonu te tinana, kia mau tonu hoki te taumaha hauora: He mea nui tēnei hei ārai i ngā whara ka pā kino ki ō io. Mā tēnei, me tō kai, ka āwhina i te ārai, i te whakaroa rānei i te whanaketanga o te mate huka momo 2, ka pā kino pea ki tō PNS i roto i te wā.
- Mauria ngā taputapu tiaki ina hiahiatia: Ko ngā whara tetahi o ngā tino take o te kino o ngā io. Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tiaki i te mahi me te tākaro, ka taea e koe te tiaki i a koe anō i ēnei whara me te whakawhāiti i te kaha o ngā whara.
- Whakahaerehia ngā mate pūmau e ai ki te taunakitanga: Mena he mate pūmau tōu ka pā ki tō PNS, inā koa te mate huka momo 2, he mea nui kia whakahaerehia e ai ki te taunakitanga a tō tākuta. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakawhāiti i ngā pānga o te mate, ki te whakaroa rānei i te wā e kino haere ana.
Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)
He wāhanga tino nui o tō oranga te Pūnaha Io o te Taiwhanga (PNS). Ka āwhina i a koe ki te neke haere, ā, ka kawe i ngā mōhiohio nui mai i ō kare ā-roto ki tō roro. Ko te ārai te mea nui ina tae mai ki te tiaki i tēnei pūnaha io. Mena he mate tōu e pā ana ki tō PNS, he maha ngā huarahi a ngā tākuta ki te tātaritanga me te rongoā. Ahakoa he mate kāore e taea te rongoā, ka taea e koe te whakawhāiti i te pānga o ngā tohu ki tō oranga. Nō reira, ki te pāngia koe e tētahi mea rerekē, pērā i te mamae, te ngoikore, te ngoikore rānei, he mea nui kia rapu tohutohu hauora me te kore e warewarehia.Pūnaha io ā-taha, PNS, io, roro, taurakiraki, neuropathy, kare ā-roto, nekehanga, mahi ā-aunoa, mamae neuropathic
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