He aha te DSM-5? Me pēhea te āwhina a tēnei pukapuka i a koe ki te ako mō tō hauora hinengaro! (DSM-5)

Kua rongo pea koe i tēnei kupu "(DSM-5)". Tērā pea nō tētahi tākuta, nō tētahi wāhi rānei e kōrero ana mō te hauora hinengaro . Nō reira, ahakoa he ahua uaua tēnei ki te tini tāngata, me kōrero tātou mō tēnei i tēnei rā i roto i tētahi huarahi māmā, hoahoa hoki. Pērā i tāu kōrero ki tētahi hoa, āe?

He aha rawa te DSM-5, tēnei pukapuka?

He whakamārama poto noa iho, he aratohu whānui te DSM-5 mō ngā raruraru hauora hinengaro , tae atu ki ngā mate me ngā āhuatanga hinengaro. Nā te American Psychiatric Association (APA) i tuhi, i whakatika, i whakaputa hoki.

Tērā pea kei te miharo koe he aha i puta ai te tohu "5" i roto i te ingoa. Ko te tikanga tēnei ko te putanga tuarima o tēnei pukapuka, ā, ko te putanga hou rawa atu tēnei. I tukuna tuatahitia te DSM-5 i te marama o Mei 2013. Kātahi, i te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2022, ka tukuna e te APA tētahi putanga kua whakahoutia, kua whakahoutia hoki o te DSM-5. Ko tōna ingoa ko te DSM-5-TR™. Ko te TR te tikanga o te Text Revision, arā, kua mahia he "whakatikatika tuhinga".

Kotahi te mea nui hei maumahara: ko `(DSM-5)` ​​me `(DSM-5-TR)` he pukapuka i hangaia hei whakamahi mā te hunga whai mātauranga motuhake, pērā i ngā tākuta me ngā tohunga hinengaro. He tino hangarau ngā rauemi o roto i ēnei pukapuka. Tērā pea he uaua ki te tangata noa te mārama mēnā ka pānuihia e rātou. Nō reira, kaua rawa e pānui i tēnei pukapuka me te whakaaro he mate tōu, kāore rānei e taea e koe te toro atu ki te tākuta. He rite tēnei ki tētahi pukapuka e ako ana i a koe ki te rere i tētahi waka rererangi. Tērā pea ka pai ki a tātou te pānui, engari ko te pānui noa i taua pukapuka kāore e hanga i a tātou hei pailate, tika?

Haunga te DSM-5-TR, ka whakaputaina hoki e te APA ētahi atu pukapuka hei whakamārama i ōna mōhiohio. Hei tauira, ko te DSM-5 Handbook of Differential Diagnosis (he pukapuka e āwhina ana ki te wehewehe i waenga i ngā mate ōrite i runga i ngā tohu) me te DSM-5 Clinical Cases (he pukapuka kei roto ngā rangahau take o ngā tūroro rerekē).

He aha te tino kaupapa o tēnei pukapuka DSM-5?

Whakaarohia, i mua i te rongoā i tētahi mate, ko te mahi tuatahi ko te tautuhi tika i te mate. He mea noa tēnei mō ngā mate tinana me ngā mate hinengaro. Koinei te wāhi e whai hua ai te pukapuka "(DSM-5)".

He mārama, he taipitopito hoki ngā whakamāramatanga o ngā momo mate hinengaro me ngā mate e pā ana ki te roro i roto i tēnei pukapuka. E whakamārama ana hoki i ngā tohu me ngā āhuatanga o aua mate me ngā tauira.

Haunga te tautuhi i te mate, ka whakarōpūtia hoki ēnei āhuatanga e te DSM-5. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake te tātaritanga tika a ngā tākuta me ngā tohunga hauora hinengaro i te mate me te wehewehe i a ia mai i ētahi atu āhuatanga he rite ngā tohu .

I pēhea te hanganga o te DSM-5? Ko wai ngā tāngata i whai wāhi ki roto?

Hei waihanga i te DSM-5, i huihui mai te APA i ngā tohunga hinengaro neke atu i te 160, ngā tohunga hinengaro, me ētahi atu tohunga mai i te ao katoa. E rau ngā tohunga ngaio i āwhina hei kaitohutohu mō ngā kaupapa maha. I uru atu hoki ki te hanganga o te DSM-5 ngā whakamātautau me ngā rangahau whānui.

Hei waihanga i te DSM-5-TR, i whakaurua anō e te APA te tini o te hunga i uru ki te DSM-5 taketake. Neke atu i te 200 ngā tohunga i whai wāhi tika ki te DSM-5-TR.

He aha te kaupapa o te DSM-5?

Ko te DSM-5 e aro nui ana ki ngā āhuatanga hauora hinengaro . Heoi, nā te mea ehara te hauora hinengaro me te mahi roro i te mea motuhake, ka kapi hoki te pukapuka i ngā āhuatanga me ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te mahi a te roro. Kei roto hoki ngā waehere tātaritanga . Mā ēnei waehere ka māmā ake te whakataurite a ngā kaiwhakarato hauora i ēnei āhuatanga ki te Whakarōpūtanga o ngā Mate me ngā Raru Hauora e Pā Ana (ICD-10) a te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao.

E toru ngā wāhanga matua o te pukapuka "(DSM-5)":

Wāhanga I: Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te DSM-5

E whakamārama ana tēnei wāhanga i te whakamahinga a ngā tohunga hauora i tēnei pukapuka i roto i ā rātou mahi. E whakarato ana hoki i ngā aratohu mō te whakamahinga o te DSM-5 ina pā ana ki ngā take ture, pērā i ngā take hauora hinengaro, me ngā kēhi whakawā.

Wāhanga II: Ngā Paearu me ngā Waehere Tātaritanga

Koinei te wāhanga nui rawa atu o te pukapuka. E pā ana ia upoko o tēnei wāhanga ki tētahi kāwai mate motuhake. Kua whakamāramahia, kua whakamāramahia hoki ngā āhuatanga motuhake o roto i taua kāwai. Me titiro tātou ki ētahi o ngā kāwai mate o tēnei wāhanga, me ērā mate e pā ana ki aua mate:

• Ngā Mate Pūnaha Whakawhanaketanga Niho : Ko ēnei ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te roro me te pūnaha io . Hei tauira:
• `( Mate Autisma )` (Ngā momo autism rerekē)
• Mate Aro-kore/Mate Mahi-Nui ( ADHD )
• Ngā ngoikoretanga ako (hei tauira, Dyslexia - ngā uauatanga pānui, Dyscalculia - ngā uauatanga pāngarau)

Te Āhuatanga o te Schizophrenia me ētahi atu Mate Hinengaro:Koinei ngā āhuatanga ka motu te hononga ki te ao tūturu, ka pāngia ngā moemoeā, ā, ka puta ngā whakapono whakaponokore . Hei tauira: Te mate hinengaro-ā-hinengaro `(Te mate hinengaro)` Mate Schizoaffective
• Mate Pūngāwerewere

• Ngā Mate Pūrua me ngā Mate e Pā Ana: Koinei ngā āhuatanga e tere ai te hurihanga o te wairua i waenga i ngā tino harikoa/hihiri me te tino pouri/pōuri. Hei tauira:
• `(Ngā Mate Pūrua I me te Mate Pūrua II)`
• Mate Cyclothymic

• Ngā Mate Pōuri: Ngā āhuatanga e tohuhia ana e te pouri roa me te ngaro o te hiahia. Ngā tauira:
• Mate Pouri Nui
• Te Mate Pouri Mau tonu (i mōhiotia i mua ko te Dysthymia)

• Ngā Mate Manukanuka: Ngā āhuatanga e hua ake ai te wehi nui, te manukanuka, me te kore okiokinga. Tauira:
• Mate Manukanuka Whānui
• Te Mate Manukanuka Hapori (Te Wehi ki ngā āhuatanga pāpori)
• Mate Manukanuka Wehewehe
• Ngā Whakaekenga Mataku (Panic Disorder)
• Ngā momo mataku (pērā i te wehi i te teitei, te wehi i ngā kararehe)

• Ngā Mate Pūmanawa-Ārai me ngā Mate e Pā Ana: Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki ngā whakaaro whakararuraru, whakahouhou (ngā ārai) me ngā mahi hei whakahaere i aua whakaaro (ngā ārai). Ngā Tauira:
• Mate Whakahāwea-Ārai (OCD)
• Te Mate Pupuri Taonga
• Mate Pūngāwerewere Tinana
• Te Mate Tango Kiri me te Mate Tango Makawe

• Ngā Mate e pā ana ki te Whara me te Āwangawanga: Ngā raruraru hinengaro e puta ake ana i muri i te pāngia e tētahi huihuinga mamae. Ngā tauira:
• Te Mate Auau i Muri i te Whara (PTSD)
• Mate ahotea whakapeka
• Mate Whakarerekētanga

• Ngā Mate Wehewehe: Ngā āhuatanga e whakararuraruhia ai te māramatanga o te tangata ki a ia anō, ō rātou maharatanga, ō rātou taiao rānei. Ngā tauira:
• Mate Tuakiri Wehewehe (i mōhiotia i mua ko te Mate Tuakiri Maha)
• Te Mate wareware wehewehe
• Mate Whakakore i te Whaiaro/Whakakore i te Whaiaro

• Ngā Tohumate Tinana me ngā Mate e Pā Ana: Ngā āhuatanga e puta ai ngā tohumate tinana nā te ahotea hinengaro, kāore he take tinana e kitea ana. Ngā Tauira:
• Mate Tohumate Tinana
• Te Mate Manukanuka o te Mate (te wehi tonu kei pāngia koe e te mate)
• Mate Tohu Pūnaha Hinengaro Mahi (i mōhiotia i mua ko te Mate Whakawhiti)

• Ngā Mate Whāngai me te Kai: Ngā whanonga me ngā waiaro rerekē e pā ana ki te kai. Ngā tauira:
• Anorexia Nervosa (te ngana ki te whakaiti i te taumaha me te kore e kai)
• Bulimia Nervosa (te kai nui rawa, kātahi ka purea, ētahi atu tikanga rānei)
• Mate Kai-Pinu
• Pica (te hiahia ki te kai i ngā mea kāore e taea te kai - hei tauira, te paru, ngā rākau tioka)

• Ngā Mate Whakakore: Hei tauira, `(Enuresis)` (kei roto hoki i tēnei ngā mea pēnei i te mīti i te moenga).

• Ngā Mate Moe-Ara: Ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te moe. Ngā Tauira:
• Mate kore moe
• Narcolepsy (te moe ohorere)
• Ngā Mate Apnea Moe
• Mate Moemoeā
• Te Mate Waewae Okioki

• Ngā ngoikoretanga ā-ira tangata

• Ngā Mate Whakararuraru, te Mana Whakahaere Hihiri me te Whanoke: Ngā whanonga e whakararuraru ana i ētahi atu, kāore e taea te whakahaere hihiri, me te takahi ture. Tauira:
• Mate Whakahē Whakahē
• Mate Whaiaro Ārai-Hapori
• Kleptomania (te hiahia kore e taea te whakahaere ki te tahae)
• Pyromania (te hiahia ki te tahu ahi)

• Ngā Mate Pānga-Matū me ngā Mate Waranga: Ngā raruraru e puta mai ana i te whakamahinga o ngā matū pēnei i te tarukino me te waipiro. Tauira:
• Te Mate Whakamahi Waipiro
• Mate Whakamahinga Manawa
• Mate Whakamahinga Opioid
• Ngā tohu e pā ana ki te tango

• Ngā Mate Pūtaiao Hinengaro: Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki ngā mea pēnei i te mahara me te whakaaro nā te ngoikore o te mahi a te roro. Tauira:
• Te pōrangi (te pōhēhē ohorere o te hinengaro)
• Te mate a Alzheimer
• Te mate a Parkinson
• Te Mate o Huntington
• Whara Roro Whara

• Ngā Mate Tūāhua:Ngā tauira whakaaro, kare ā-roto, me ngā whanonga mō te wā roa e uaua ai te whanaungatanga ki ētahi atu. Ngā tauira:
• Mate Tūākiri Rohe (BPD)
• Mate Whaiaro Whakahē

• Ngā Mate Whanoke Ā-Iwi

• Ētahi atu Mate Hinengaro me ngā Ture Tāpiri: Ngā āhuatanga kāore e tino uru ki tētahi atu paearu tātaritanga, engari he pānga nui ki te oranga o te tangata.

• Ngā Mate Nekehanga i Āhuatia e te Rongoā me Ētahi Atu Pānga Kino o te Rongoā: Ngā Tauira:
• Te Tardive Dyskinesia
• Te Mate Pūngāwerewere Kino Neuroleptic

• Ētahi atu Āhuatanga ka Arotahi ki te Hauora: Ehara ēnei i te mate tonu, engari he mea e pā ana, e puta tahi ana rānei me ngā āhuatanga ka taea te tautuhi. Hei tauira, te whara i a koe anō, ngā whakaaro/whanonga whakamomori, te hītori o tētahi momo tukino, te kore mahi rānei.

Wāhanga III: Ngā Inenga me ngā Tauira e Puta Ake Ana

E matapakihia ana i tēnei wāhanga ngā taputapu aromatawai motuhake e whakamahia ana e ngā tākuta hei tātaritanga i ētahi mate. E matapakihia ana hoki te pānga o ngā rerekētanga ahurea ki te tātaritanga, me ngā mate ka whakaurua pea ki tētahi putanga o te DSM ā muri ake nei engari me rangahau anō i mua i te whakaurunga.

Āhea ka puta te putanga e whai ake nei o te DSM?

Kāore te APA e tuku i ngā putanga hou o te DSM i runga i tētahi wātaka kua whakaritea. Engari, ka whakahoutia te DSM i ngā wā e tika ana. I mua i te putanga tuarima (i whakamahia ai ngā tau Rōmana), i tukuna ngā putanga DSM i ngā tau i muri mai:

• DSM-I®: 1952
• DSM-II®: 1968
• DSM-III®: 1980 (I tukuna he putanga whakahou, DSM-III-R®, i te tau 1987)
• DSM-IV®: 1994 (I tukuna he putanga whakahou o tēnei tuhinga, DSM-IV-TR®, i te tau 2000)
• DSM-5®: 2013 (He putanga whakahou tēnei tuhinga, DSM-5-TR, i tukuna i te tau 2022)

Ka taea hoki e tātou te tiki i te pukapuka DSM-5? Kei hea tātou e kite ai?

Āe. Kei te wātea te DSM-5 hei hoko i te nuinga o ngā toa pukapuka me te ipurangi. He maha ngā whare pukapuka tūmatanui kei a rātou he kape o te pukapuka (ahakoa kāore pea tō whare pukapuka ā-rohe e whakaae kia haria e koe ki te kāinga, engari me tirotiro noa i roto i te whare pukapuka).

Ahakoa e wātea ana te DSM-5 me te DSM-5-TR ki te marea i roto i ngā huarahi maha, he mea nui kia mahara ko tēnei pukapuka he mea tuhi mā ngā tohunga hauora. Nō reira, he tino hangarau ngā rauemi o tēnei pukapuka. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, tera pea he uaua ki te tangata noa te mārama ki tēnei pukapuka.

KoeKaua rawa e whakamahia te `(DSM-5)` ​​​​me te `(DSM-5-TR)` rānei, tetahi atu pukapuka rānei hei whakakapi mō te toro atu ki te tākuta, ki te kaitohutohu hauora hinengaro rānei. He rite tēnei ki te mahi pokanga i a koe anō. Ehara i te mea pai te mahi i tēnā, āe? Nō reira, he pai ake te rapu maimoatanga mai i tētahi kaitohutohu hauora hinengaro whai mātauranga, whai mātauranga hoki.

Kei te whakamahia tonutia te DSM-5? He aha te putanga hou?

Āe, kei te whakamahia tonutia. Engari ināianei e rua ngā putanga o tēnei pukapuka. I tukuna e te APA te DSM-5 i te tau 2013. I te tau 2022, i tukuna e te APA tētahi putanga whakahou e kiia nei ko te DSM-5-TR. Kei roto katoa i tēnei putanga hou ngā huringa me ngā whakahoutanga hou katoa kua puta i roto i te ao hauora hinengaro mai i te tau 2013. Nō reira, ko te DSM-5-TR te putanga tino tika, hou, me te tika i tēnei wā.

I roto i ngā kaiwhakarato hauora hinengaro, inā koa ngā tākuta hinengaro me ngā tohunga hinengaro, ko te DSM-5-TR te rauemi tino nui mō te tautuhi i te hauora hinengaro me ngā mate roro. Ahakoa i whakaputaina e tētahi umanga Amerikana, he rauemi nui te DSM-5 mō ngā tākuta hauora huri noa i te ao. Kua whakamāoritia ki roto i te neke atu i te 18 reo.

Nā, ko te mea whakamutunga hei maumahara (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)

Āe, anei ētahi mea hei maumahara māu mai i ngā mea kua kōrerohia e tātou:

• He pukapuka ārahi nui te DSM-5 me tōna putanga hou, te DSM-5-TR, mā ngā tohunga hauora hinengaro.
• Ahakoa e taea ana te hoko, te kitea rānei i roto i ngā whare pukapuka ēnei pukapuka, he mea tuhi ēnei mā ngā tākuta me ngā tohunga, nō reira he tino hangarau te reo o roto.
• Ahakoa te tangata noa, ka pai pea ki te pānui i tēnei pukapuka, kaua rawa e whakamahia hei tātaritanga i a koe anō.
• Ki te whakaaro koe kei a koe, kei tō whanaunga rānei tētahi raruraru hauora hinengaro e ai ki te whakaahuatanga i roto i te (DSM-5), kia kite koe i tētahi tākuta, i tētahi kaitohutohu hauora hinengaro rānei.

Pērā i te kore e haere ki te tākuta me te kore e pokangahia koe anō, he mea tino haumaru, he mea tika hoki te rapu āwhina mai i tētahi tohunga ngaio whai mātauranga, whai mātauranga hoki ina tae mai ki ngā take hauora hinengaro. Kei te mārama koe?

` DSM-5, hauora hinengaro, tātaritanga, mate hinengaro, APA, DSM-5-TR, mahi hinengaro