E mōhio ana koe ki te mate pukupuku o te ihu? Me kōrero tāua!

Ka pāngia koe e te mākūkū tonu i te nono i ētahi wā, e te toto iti rānei i a koe e tūtae ana? He tino whakama te kōrero mō ēnei mea ki tētahi atu, tika? Engari, ehara i te mea he mea noa iho ēnei. I tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō tētahi mate e kiia nei ko te mate pukupuku nono. He mea tēnei me mōhio tātou katoa.

He aha te mate pukupuku o te ihu?

Ki te kī māmā noa, ko te mate pukupuku o te ihu he mate pukupuku e tupu ana i roto i ngā kiko o tō ihu, i te arai rānei o tō awaawa o te ihu. Kei te mōhio koe, ko te awaawa o te ihu te ngongo e hono ana i tō ihu (te pūaha e puta mai ai ngā paru) ki tō pūkahukahu (te wāhanga o raro rawa o tō pūnaha nakunaku). Hei whakamārama, ka puta tō paru i tō tinana mā roto i tēnei ngongo. Ko te mea pai rawa atu, ki te kitea wawetia tēnei mate pukupuku, ā, ka rongoatia, ka taea te whakaora katoa.

He momo matepukupuku rectum kei reira?

Āe, e rua ngā momo matua o te matepukupuku rectum.

• Matepukupuku Pūtau Squamous: Koinei te momo matepukupuku rectum e tino kitea ana. Heoi, he rerekē i te matepukupuku kiri, e whanake ana i te paparanga o runga o te kiri.
• Adenocarcinoma: Ko tētahi atu momo anō tēnei.

He mate noa tēnei?

Kāo, ehara i te mea tino noa te mate pukupuku o te kōpū. Whakaarohia tēnei: ​​E ai ki te American Cancer Society, tata ki te 9,000 noa iho ngā tāngata i te United States ka kitea he mate pēnei i te tau 2023. (Kei roto i tēnei ko te mate pukupuku o te kōpū, te mate pukupuku o te kōpū, me te mate pukupuku o te ihu.) Heoi, e whakatau ana rātou ka tata ki te 153,000 ngā tāngata ka kitea he mate pukupuku o te koroni. Nō reira, ka kite koe he iti noa iho tēnei.

He aha ngā tohu o tēnei?

Ko ngā tohu o te matepukupuku o te kōpū he rite tonu ki ngā āhuatanga noa. Hei tauira, te mākūkū tonu i te kōpū. Ko ētahi atu tohu pea ko:

• Te toto e puta mai ana i te tō , inā koa i te wā e neke ana te puku.
• Te rongo i tētahi mea pērā i te puku, i te puku kikokiko rānei. (Ka kitea hoki tēnei momo puku i te taha o te pūaha o te ana.)
• Mamae.
• Ngā panonitanga o ngā tikanga puku. Arā, ngā panonitanga o te auau o ngā nekehanga puku, te matotoru rānei o ngā tūtae.
• Ngā nekehanga puku kāore i te whakahaerehia.
• He kare ā-roto tonu e hiahia ana ki te tūtae (e kiia ana tēnei ko te "Tenesmus" i roto i te kupu hauora).

Ko te mea nui, ahakoa kei a koe tētahi, ētahi rānei o ēnei tohu, ehara i te mea he mate pukupuku tō te kōpū. He maha atu anō ngā take mō ēnei tohu. Heoi, ki te kore ēnei tohu e memeha i roto i ētahi rā, ki te kaha haere rānei, he mea nui kia toro atu ki te tākuta mō ētahi tohutohu.

He mea noa te whakama, te whakamā rānei ki te kōrero ki tō tākuta mō ētahi tohu, pērā i te mākūkū o te ana. Engari kia maumahara, he maha ngā take rerekē o te mate pukupuku ana. Nō reira, kāore he take e whakama ai koe mō te pāngia e ēnei tohu. Kei konei ō tākuta hei āwhina i a koe me ō raruraru hauora katoa, tae atu ki ēnei tohu o te mate pukupuku ana.

He aha te take o tēnei? He aha ngā āhuatanga mōrearea?

Kāore anō kia mōhiotia te tino pūtake o te mate pukupuku o te ihu. Heoi, kua tautuhia ētahi āhuatanga mōrearea e pā ana ki te mate. Hei tauira, ko te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku o te ihu e pā ana ki te pangia e ētahi momo huaketo papilloma tangata (HPV) . Heoi, ko te mea nui, ehara i te mea ko te hunga katoa e pangia ana e te HPV ka pāngia e te mate pukupuku o te ihu.

Haunga te HPV, tera atu anō ngā āhuatanga ka piki ake ai te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku o te ihu:

• Te whakamahinga o ngā rongoā ārai mate. He rongoā ēnei hei aukati i tō pūnaha ārai mate kei kino i ngā pūtau hauora.
• Te pangia e te HIV (Huaketo Ārai Mate Tangata). Nā te mea ka pā te HIV ki tō pūnaha ārai mate, ā, ka taea e te moe tāne me te wahine te tuku i te HIV, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku tāne.
• Te noho hei hoa whiwhi i te wā o te moe tāne. He mea noa tēnei ki te katoa, ahakoa te ira tangata. Mā te whai hoa maha mō tetahi momo hononga moepuku ka piki ake te mōrearea o te HPV, ā, nō reira ka piki ake te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku tāne.
• Kāore i te whiwhi werohanga HPV. Ko ētahi momo HPV te tino take o te mate pukupuku o te hope.
• 55 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei. He maha ake ngā tākuta e tātaritanga ana i te mate pukupuku o te kōpū i roto i tēnei rōpū tau.
• Te kaipaipa. He nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia te hunga kaipaipa e ngā momo mate pukupuku katoa.
• Te pāngia e te mate, te tango rānei i ngā rongoā e whakaiti ana i te pūnaha ārai mate. Hei tauira, ko te hunga kua whakatōkia he okana, me tango pea i ngā rongoā hei ārai i te whakakorenga o te okana kua whakatōkia.
• He kōhao rerekē ('Anal Fistula') e rere ana mai i te pūkahukahu ki te kiri huri noa i te nono.
• Kei a koe ētahi atu mate pukupuku. Hei tauira, te mate pukupuku o te vulva, te mate pukupuku o te tara, te mate pukupuku o te kaki waha rānei.

Ka aha mēnā kāore e tukuna he maimoatanga? (Ngā raruraru)

Ki te kore e rongoatia tika, ka horapa te mate pukupuku o te kōpū ki ngā kiko tata (e kiia ana tēnei ko te "metastasize"). I ētahi wā, ka horapa hoki ki ō pukahukahu, ki tō ate rānei.

Me pēhea te tautuhi i tēnei?

Ka pātai atu te tākuta ki a koe mō ō tohumate, te roa o te wā e pāngia ana koe, tō hītori hauora, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tō pūnaha ārai mate, ā, ka pātai atu pea koe mō ō mahi moepuku.

He aha ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana hei tautuhi i tēnei mate?

Ka tirotirohia e tō tākuta te repe matihiko . Kātahi ka tangohia ngā pūtau ka tukuna ki te tohunga mate kia tirohia i raro i te karuārai. Ka tirotirohia e rātou te repe ā-ira , te koiora rānei. (Mō ngā wāhine, ka tirotirohia pea te hope.) Hei tāpiri, ka tirotirohia e tō tākuta ngā whakamātautau endoscopic me ngā whakamātautau whakaahua .

Ngā Whakamātautau Endoscopy

Ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta te endoscopy hei tirotiro i roto i tō pūkahukahu me tō nono. Ka mahia ēnei whakamātautau mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu motuhake. He ngongo angiangi, ngāwari ēnei, he rama, he karāhe arotahi, he kāmera ataata hoki. I tēnei wā, ka tangohia pea ngā tauira kiko (e kiia nei ko ngā 'biopsies') ka tirotirohia e te tohunga mate. Kei roto i ngā whakamātautau endoscopy:

• Anoscope: Ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta he ngongo poto, he rama e kiia nei ko te anoscope hei tirotiro i tō nono me te rectum o raro.
• Sigmoidoscopy Ngāwari: Ka tirohia tō pūkahukahu me tō nono mō ngā tipu matepukupuku me ngā polyp.
• Koronikoro: Ka tirohia tō korokoro katoa mō ngā tipu matepukupuku me ngā polyp.

Ngā Whakamātautau Whakaahua

Mā ngā whakamātautau whakaahua ka āwhina i ngā tākuta ki te ako atu mō ngā pukupuku matepukupuku, pērā i tō rātou rahi me te wāhi tika. Kei roto pea i ēnei whakamātautau:

• Matawai Whakaahua Āhua Aukume (MRI).
• Te tirotiro i te oro-matawai transrectal.
• Matawai Tomography Rorohiko (CT).
• Matawai Tomography Tukunga Positron (PET).

Te Whakatakotoranga o te Mate Pukupuku Ā-Whā

Ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta ngā pūnaha whakatau i te mate pukupuku hei whakarite maimoatanga, hei hoatu hoki i te matapae, arā, ko te mea ka taea e koe te tumanako i muri i te maimoatanga. Ka whakaarohia e rātou ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te rahi o te pukupuku, mēnā kei roto te mate pukupuku i ngā kōpū lymph, me te mea kua horapa te pukupuku (kua horapa). E rima ngā wāhanga o te mate pukupuku rectum:

• Wāhanga 0:

Kei roto i te kiriuhi mucous (`Mucosa`) ngā pūtau rerekē, arā, te arai o roto o tō rectum. Ehara ēnei pūtau rerekē i te matepukupuku, engari ka taea e rātou te huri hei matepukupuku. Ko te matepukupuku rectum wāhanga 0 e kiia ana ko te "High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion" (``HSIL``) .

• Wāhanga Tuatahi:

Kua huihui ngā pūtau matepukupuku hei hanga i tētahi puku e 2 henimita te roa, iti iho rānei, he rite te rahi ki te pīnati.

• Wāhanga II:

E rua ngā wāhanga o te mate pukupuku rectum wāhanga tuarua:

• Ko te wāhanga IIA ko te tikanga he puku nui atu i te 2 henimita te whānui engari he iti iho i te 5 henimita te whānui.
• Ko te tikanga o te wāhanga IIB he 5 henimita te roa o te puku – he rite te rahi ki te rēmana – engari kāore anō kia horapa ki tua atu i tō nono.

• Wāhanga III:

E toru ngā wāhanga o te Wāhanga III:

• Wāhanga IIIA: E 5 henimita te rahi o te pukupuku, iti iho rānei, ā, kua horapa ki ngā kōpū waikura i roto i tō nono, i tō hope rānei.
• Wāhanga IIIB: Kua horapa te mate pukupuku rectum ki ngā whekau tata, pērā i tō tenetene, te urethra, te pūkahukahu rānei.
• Wāhanga IIIC: Kei roto te mate pukupuku i ngā whekau tata, ā, kua horapa ki ngā kōpū lymph e tata ana ki tō nono, ki tō hope rānei.

• Wāhanga IV:

Kei roto i ngā kōpuku lymph kei tawhiti atu i tō nono te mate pukupuku, me ngā whekau tawhiti hoki, pērā i ō pukahukahu, i tō ate rānei.

Me pēhea te rongoā i te mate pukupuku o te kōpū?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te matepukupuku o te kōpū e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo me te wāhanga o te matepukupuku, engari ka uru pea ki:

Te Whakaora Irahiko

Ka rongoatia e ngā tākuta te mate pukupuku o te kōpū mā te whakamahi i te rongoā hihi ā-waho (EBRT). He maha ngā momo EBRT:

• Te Whakaora Irahiko Whakarerekē-kaha (IMRT): Ka whakamahia e tēnei he maha ngā hihi irahiko o ngā kaha rerekē hei aro atu ki te pukupuku.
• Te Whakaora Irahiko Tinana Stereotactic (SBRT): Ka aro atu tēnei ki ngā pukupuku iti, engari kāore e kino ki ngā kiko hauora e tata ana.
• Te Whakaora Irahiko Āhua-Toru (3D-CRT): Mā tēnei ka hangaia he pikitia ā-toru o te puku.
• Brachytherapy: He rongoā irahiko ā-roto tēnei.

Te rongoā matū

He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngātahitia e ngā tākuta te chemotherapy me te radiation therapy hei rongoā matua mō te matepukupuku rectum. Ka taea e tēnei maimoatanga whakakotahi te whakakore i te matepukupuku rectum, nō reira kāore koe e hiahia ki te pokanga.

Heoi, ki te hiahia koe ki te pokanga, ka tukuna pea he rongoā chemotherapy ki a koe i mua i te pokanga hei whakaiti i te pukupuku ('Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy'), i muri rānei i te pokanga hei whakangaro i ngā pūtau matepukupuku e toe ana ('Adjuvant Chemotherapy').

Pokanga

Whakaorahia te mate pukupuku o te kōpū kua hoki mai anō, kāore rānei i aro ki te rongoā irahiko me/ranei te rongoā matū.Ka whakamahia he pokanga iti rawa te whakaekenga e kiia nei ko te tango puku laparoscopic abdominoperineal. Ko tēnei ko te tango i tō nono, te pūrua, me tētahi wāhanga o tō koroni.

Ki te pokanga koe i tēnei, ka hangaia hoki e tō taote pokanga he colostomy tuturu. Ko te tikanga ka puta tō tūtae mā roto i tētahi putea, i tētahi pēke rānei e piri ana ki tō tinana. Ahakoa he ahua uaua tēnei, ehara i te mea ko koe anake. Mā tō tīma hauora koe e āwhina kia taunga ki tēnei.

Te rongoā ārai mate

Mena kei te pāngia koe e te mate pukupuku o te kōpū kua horapa haere, ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i te rongoā ārai mate hei āwhina i te whakahaere i ō tohumate. Ka āwhina tēnei maimoatanga i tō tinana ki te whawhai i te mate pukupuku.

He aha ngā pānga taha o te maimoatanga?

He maha ngā maimoatanga mate pukupuku ka pā mai he pānga taha. Hei tauira, ko ngā pānga taha o te chemotherapy me te radiation therapy ko te kiri mākūkū, te mamae i te rohe pona, te ngenge, te kohu roro i puta mai i te chemotherapy, te whakapairuaki, me te ruaki.

He aha ngā raruraru o te maimoatanga?

Ka taea e ngā tākuta te rongoā i te mate pukupuku o te kōpū mā te pokanga. Ko ngā raruraru o te pokanga ko:

• He tauhohenga ki te rongoā whakamoe.
• Te toto nui rawa.
• He mate urutā.

He aha ngā reiti oranga mō te mate pukupuku rectum?

Ko te ōrau ora mō te mate pukupuku o te kōpū he whakatau tata mō te ōrau o te hunga e ora ana i roto i ngā tau e rima i muri i te tātaritanga. Ka rerekē tēnei ōrau i runga i te kitenga me te rongoā i te mate i mua i te horapa. I te katoa, e ai ki te National Cancer Institute, 70% o te hunga e pangia ana e te mate pukupuku o te kōpū e ora ana i roto i ngā tau e rima i muri i te tātaritanga.

Heoi, he mea nui kia maumahara ko ēnei ia o te whakaoranga e ahu mai ana i ngā wheako o tētahi rōpū nui o te tangata me ngā momo raruraru hauora. Ko te mea e tika ana mō rātou, kāore pea e tika mōu. Mena he pātai āu, pātai atu ki tō tākuta kia whakamārama mai he aha tāu e tumanako atu ai.

Me pēhea te ārai i tēnei? (Te ārai)

Kāore he huarahi tino whai hua hei ārai i te mate pukupuku o te kōpū. Heoi, ka taea e koe te whakaiti i tō tupono ki te pangia e tēnei mate mā te whai i ēnei mahi:

• Kaua e momi hikareti. Ki te momi hikareti koe, kimihia he huarahi hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakamutu. Ka taea hoki e tō tākuta te āwhina i a koe.
• Me mahi te moe haumaru. Ki te moe tāne, me whakamahi he ure tāne.
• Mena kei a koe te āheinga, tikina te kano ārai mate Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Ka taea e tēnei kano ārai mate pukupuku o te ihu te ārai i te mate pukupuku o te ihu, tae atu ki te mate pukupuku o te waha me te korokoro, te mate pukupuku o te kaki, me te mate pukupuku o te ure.

Āhea koe me toro atu ki te tākuta?

Mena kei te rongoatia koe mō te mate pukupuku o te kōpū, me haere koe ki ngā wā whakarite a tō tākuta i ngā rā kua whakaritea, me te whakapā atu ki a rātou e ai ki ngā tohutohu. Hei tauira, ka kī atu pea tō tākuta kia waea atu koe mēnā kei te pāngia koe e te mamae, e te kirika rānei.

I ētahi wā, ko te maimoatanga mō te mate pukupuku o te kōpū he tango i ngā wāhanga o tō pūnaha nakunaku me te hanga i tētahi colostomy tuturu (he momo pokanga) hei tuku i te paru kia puta. He uaua pea te noho me te colostomy tuturu. Engari ehara i te mea ko koe anake. Ka taea e tō rōpū hauora te āwhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i ō nekehanga puku me te taunga ki te noho i tētahi oranga tonu, noa i muri i te pokanga mate pukupuku o te kōpū.

He aha ngā pātai me pātai atu e au ki taku tākuta?

Mena he mate pukupuku tōu i te kōpū, me pātai atu koe ki tō tākuta i ēnei pātai:

• He aha te momo mate pukupuku o te kōpū kei a au?
• He aha te wāhanga o taku matepukupuku?
• He aha ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga kei a au?
• Mena me pokanga ahau, he aha te momo pokanga ka tūtohu koe?

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te mate pukupuku anal me te dysplasia anal?

Ko te rerekētanga, ehara te anal dysplasia i te mate pukupuku, engari ka taea e ia te arahi ki te mate pukupuku anal. I roto i te anal dysplasia, ka rerekē ngā pūtau i roto i tō anal. I roto i te wā, ka tīmata ēnei pūtau rerekē te whakanui me te hanga i ngā puku mate pukupuku.

He aha te rerekētanga o te mate pukupuku o te kōpū i te mate pukupuku o te kōpū me te mate pukupuku o te koroni?

He wāhanga katoa tō nono, tō pūkahukahu, me tō koroni o tō pūnaha nakunaku. Engari he rerekē rawa ngā pūtau e hanga ana i te kiko o ia wāhanga. Ko te tikanga he rerekē ngā huarahi e rongoā ai ngā tākuta i ēnei mate pukupuku.

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)

Ko te mate pukupuku o te ihu he mate pukupuku e puta ana i roto i tō ihu – te wāhanga o tō tinana ka horoia e koe i muri i te nekenga o te puku. Ko ngā tohu tino kitea ko te toto mai i te ihu, te mākūkū rānei. Ka taea e ēnei te whakaroa i a koe ki te kōrero ki tō tākuta mō ēnei mea. Heoi, he māmā ake te rongoā i te mate pukupuku o te ihu mēnā ka kitea, ka rongoātia wawe, i mua i te horapa. Mēnā he tohu pēnei i te mākūkū o te ihu e mau tonu ana, ā, kāore e memeha, kia mōhio koe ki te kōrero ki tō tākuta. Kei konei rātou hei āwhina i a koe. Kāore he take e mataku ai, e whakama ai rānei. Ko tō hauora te mea nui.

Matepukupuku Ā-Whā, Matepukupuku Ā-Whā, Ngā Tohumate Pukupuku, HPV, Hauora Ā-Whā, Maimoatanga Matepukupuku, Ārai Matepukupuku