He toto kei roto i ō tātou tinana katoa, engari i mōhio koe kāore e rite katoa ngā toto? Kua rongo pea koe i tētahi e kī ana, 'Ko taku momo toto he O pai' he 'Ko ia he B kino' rānei. He aha rawa te momo toto? He aha te hiranga o tēnei i ngā wā ohorere, pērā i te hāputanga? I tēnei rā, ka kōrerohia tēnei i roto i tētahi huarahi māmā ka taea e koe te mārama.
He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, he aha tēnei momo toto?
Ko te momo toto he whakarōpūtanga e āwhina ana i ngā tākuta ki te whakatau mēnā he hototahi tō toto ki te toto o tētahi atu. E whā ngā momo toto matua: A, B, AB, me te O.
Engari kāore te kōrero i mutu i reira. Ka tirohia hoki e rātou mēnā he pūmua motuhake anō kei roto i ō toto whero. Ka kiia tēnei ko te take Rh . Mena kei roto i ō toto tēnei take Rh, he pai (+) tō momo toto. Ki te kore, he kino (-) .
Ina honoa ēnei e rua, ka puta ngā momo toto e 8 e tino kitea ana i roto i a tātou:
- He Pai (A+)
- He Kino (A-)
- B Pai (B+)
- B Kino (B-)
- AB pai (AB+)
- AB Kino (AB-)
- 0 pai (O+)
- Ō kino (O-)
He mea nui te mōhio ki ō momo toto mēnā ka hiahiatia he whakawhiti toto ohorere. He mea nui anō hoki te taurite i ēnei momo toto i roto i ngā whakawhitinga okana.
Me pēhea te whakatau i ēnei momo toto? He aha te antigen?
Ka whakatauhia tō momo toto e ētahi tohu kei te mata o ō toto whero. I roto i te rongoā, ka kiia ēnei tohu he antigens .
He rite ēnei ārai mate ki tētahi tohu ingoa e piri ana ki ō pūtau toto. Ko tēnei tohu ingoa te mea e whakamahia ana e te pūnaha ārai mate o tō tinana hei tautuhi mēnā he 'whaiaro' ēnei pūtau toto, he 'tauhou' rānei.
E rua ngā momo matua o ngā antigens e tirohia ana e mātou. Ko 'A' me 'B'. Ka huaina e mātou tēnei pūnaha ko te pūnaha ABO .
| Momo toto | Ko te antigen i runga i te mata o ngā toto toto whero |
|---|---|
| Momo A | Kotahi anake te pūmua A. |
| Momo B | Ko te pūmua B anake kei reira. |
| Momo AB | Kei reira ngā antigens A me B. |
| Momo O | Kāore he antigen A, kāore hoki he antigen B. |
Ko te take Rh i kōrerotia e tātou i muri mai ka whakatauhia e te mea kei reira, kāore rānei, te antigen RhD .
- Pai (+): Kei roto i ō toto whero te irahiko RhD.
- Kino (-): Kāore i roto i ō toto whero te irahiko RhD.
Ko ngā momo toto RhD pai te mea tino kitea i te ao. He āhua onge te mate RhD kino.
He aha i tika ai kia ōrite ngā momo toto tetahi ki tetahi?
Koinei te mea tino nui. Whakaarohia kua pāngia tētahi e te aituā, ā, he nui te toto e ngaro ana. Me tuku wawe atu he toto ki a rātou. Engari me tuku atu he momo toto ka whakaaetia e tōna tinana hei 'nō rātou ake'.
He aha te mea ka puta mēnā ka hoatu e koe he momo toto kāore e hototahi?
Ki te kī ngāwari, ki te uru mai he toto kei roto he pūmua tauhou (tohu ingoa) ki roto i tō tinana, ka whakaaro tō pūnaha ārai mate he hoariri ia, ā, ka tīmata te whakaeke i a ia. He tino morearea tēnei tauhohenga, ā, ka mate pea. Koia te take he mea nui te taurite i ngā momo toto ina koha toto ana.
Koinei te āhua o te hototahitanga o ngā momo toto:
| Tō momo toto (kaiwhiwhi) | Ngā tāngata ka taea e koe te whiwhi toto mai i a rātou (ngā kaituku toto) |
|---|---|
| A+ | A+, A-, Ō+, Ō- |
| A- | A-, O- |
| B+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| B- | B-, O- |
| AB+ (Toa o te Whare Wānanga) | Ka taea te tango i tetahi momo toto. |
| AB- | AB-, A-, B-, Ō- |
| O+ | O+, O- |
| O- (Kaitākoha Ao Whānui) | Ko te toto momo O anake ka taea te whiwhi. |
Te 'Kaihoko Toto Ao Whānui', ka taea e te katoa te tuku toto
Ko te toto momo O kino (O-) ka kiia ko te 'kaituku whānui'. Nā te mea kāore he antigens nui o ngā toto toto O-whero, pērā i te A, B, RhD rānei, ā, ka taea te hoatu ki te tangata he momo toto ahakoa te aha, me te kore e puta he tauhohenga. I ngā āhuatanga ohorere, ina kore he wā ki te kimi i te momo toto o te tūroro, ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta te toto O-.
Ka taea e te 'Kaiwhiwhi Ao Whānui' te whiwhi toto mai i te tangata katoa
Ko te hunga he momo toto AB pai (AB+) e kiia ana ko ngā 'kaiwhiwhi whānui'. Ko te tikanga ka taea e rātou te whiwhi toto mai i tētahi momo toto. Nā te mea kei roto i ō rātou toto ngā antigens e toru, A, B, me RhD, nō reira kāore ō rātou tinana e kite i tētahi momo toto mai i waho he 'tauhou'.
He aha te pānga o te momo toto ki te haputanga?
He mea nui tēnei mō te tini o ngā whaea. Ina koa, mēnā he Rh kino (-) te momo toto o te whaea, ā, he Rh pai (+) te momo toto o te pēpi, tera pea ka puta ētahi raruraru.
Whakaarohia ka whiwhi te pēpi i te ira Rh pai mai i te pāpā. Kātahi ka Rh pai te toto o te pēpi. Engari he Rh kino te whaea. I te wā e hapu ana, e whānau ana hoki, ka taea e ētahi o ngā toto o te pēpi te whakaranu ki te toto o te whaea. Kātahi ka mōhio te tinana o te whaea he 'tauhou' ngā toto Rh pai o te pēpi, ā, ka whakaekea e ia.Ka tīmata te whakaputa i ngā paturopi .
Kāore pea tēnei e pā nui ki te hāputanga tuatahi. Heoi, ki te mea he Rh pai hoki te pēpi e hapu ana i muri mai, ka taea e ngā paturopi i whakawhanakehia e te tinana o te whaea te whakaeke i ngā toto whero o te pēpi.
Engari kāore he take e mataku ai! He tino pai ngā maimoatanga mō tēnei. Ina kitea e koe kei te hapu koe, ko tētahi o ngā whakamātautau tuatahi ka mahia e tō tākuta ko te tirotiro i tō momo toto me te take Rh. Mena he Rh kino koe, ka hoatu he kano ārai mate ki a koe e kiia nei ko te Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) i te wā tika. Ka ārai tēnei kano ārai mate i te tinana o te whaea ki te hanga paturopi hei ārai i te toto o te pēpi.
He momo toto onge kei reira?
Āe. Haunga ngā pūnaha ABO me Rh kua kōrerohia e tātou, neke atu i te 600 ētahi atu antigen kei runga i te mata o ngā toto toto whero. Neke atu i te 30 ētahi atu pūnaha whakarōpū toto e hangai ana ki ēnei.
Ko te toto Rh-null tētahi o ngā momo toto tino onge o te ao. Kāore he antigens e pā ana ki te pūnaha Rh o tēnei momo toto. He tino onge, ā, iti iho i te 50 ngā tāngata o te ao kua pūrongohia he momo toto tēnei. Koia te take i ētahi wā ka kiia ai ko te 'toto koura'.
Me pēhea koe e mōhio ai ki tō momo toto?
He mea tino nui kia mōhio koe ki tō momo toto. He maha ngā huarahi hei kimi i tēnā.
- Pātai atu ki tō tākuta: Tērā pea kua tuhia tō momo toto ki ngā pūrongo o tētahi whakamātautau o mua.
- Koha toto: Koinei te huarahi pai rawa atu, te huarahi tino whai hua hoki. Ina koha toto koe, ka whakamātautau te pēke toto i tō momo toto, ka hoatu he kāri ki a koe. Mā tēnei, ka taea e koe te mōhio ki tō momo toto, ā, ka taea hoki e koe te whakaora i te ora o tētahi.
- Whakamātautauhia tō toto: Ka taea e koe te tono ki tō tākuta kia homai he tauira toto ki a koe, kia tirohia hoki tō momo toto.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- Mā te mōhio ki tō momo toto ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakaora i tō ora i roto i te wā ohorere.
- Ko te momo toto O kino (O-) te 'kaituku toto whānui' ā, ka taea te tuku toto ki te tangata katoa. Ko te momo toto AB pai (AB+) te 'kaiwhiwhi toto whānui' ā, ka taea te whiwhi toto mai i te tangata katoa.
- Ki te mea kei te hapu koe, ina koa mēnā he Rh kino (-) tō momo toto, me kōrero koe ki tō tākuta mō tēnei mea. Kāore he mea hei manukanuka, kei te wātea ngā maimoatanga katoa e tika ana.
- He huarahi pai te tuku toto hei whakaora i te ora o te tangata, ā, he huarahi pai anō hoki hei kimi i tō momo toto.
- Mena he pātai anō āu mō ngā momo toto, kaua e mangere ki te pātai ki tō tākuta whānau.
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