E mōhio ana koe ki te HIV me te AIDS? Me kōrero tātou mō ēnei mate kino (HIV me te AIDS)!

Ina rongo koe i ngā kupu HIV me te AIDS, tera pea ka paku mataku koe, tika? Ahakoa he maha ngā kōrero mō ēnei mea i roto i te hapori, he mea tino nui kia mōhio koe ki te aha, me pēhea te take, me pēhea te tiaki i a koe anō. Nō reira, i tēnei rā, ka kōrerohia e tātou ēnei mea me te taipitopito, i roto i te huarahi e mārama ai koe.

He aha te HIV? (He aha te HIV?)

Ki te whakarapopototanga, ko te HIV te tikanga o te Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Ina uru mai tēnei huaketo ki roto i ō tātou tinana, ka whakaekea e ia tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate. Ko te whāinga matua o tēnei huaketo ko ngā pūtau CD4, he momo toto mā e tiaki ana i ō tātou tinana mai i ngā mate. I te wā e whakangaromia ana ēnei pūtau e te huaketo HIV, ka heke haere te kaha o tō tātou tinana ki te ātete i ngā mate.

He tino mātanga te mahi a tēnei huaketo HIV. Ka whakaurua e ia āna ake tohutohu ki roto i te DNA o ō tātou pūtau. Ka kiia e tātou ngā huaketo e mahi whakamuri ana pēnei i tēnei he retrovirus .

Nā, he aha te AIDS? (He aha te AIDS?)

Ko te AIDS te whakarāpopototanga o te Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome . Koinei te wāhanga whakamutunga, te wāhanga kino rawa atu hoki o te mate HIV. Ko te tikanga o te tangata whai AIDS kua tino ngoikore tōna pūnaha ārai mate i te huaketo HIV, ā, kua tino heke te maha o ōna pūtau CD4. Nā tēnei ka ngāwari rātou ki te pāngia e ngā mate maha (ngā mate urutā) tae atu ki ngā mate pukupuku e kore e ngāwari te pā ki te tangata hauora noa.

I te nuinga o te wā, ki te kore te mate HIV e rongoatia, ka taea e ia te huri hei AIDS i roto i te 10 tau.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te HIV me te AIDS?

He tokomaha te hunga e whakapoauau ana i ngā mea e rua. He huaketo te HIV. Ko te huaketo tēnei e whakaiti ana i tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate. Ko te AIDS te mate kino e puta mai ana i te mate HIV. He kohinga mate e puta ana ina tino ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate.

Ko te mea nui, kāore e taea e te tangata kāore i pangia e te HIV te whakawhanake i te AIDS.

I roto i ngā maimoatanga matatau o ēnei rā, ehara i te mea ka pāngia te hunga katoa e pangia ana e te HIV e te AIDS. Heoi, ki te kore e rongoatia, he maha ngā tāngata e pangia ana e te HIV ka tūpono ki te pāngia e te AIDS.

He aha te pānga o te huaketo HIV ki te tangata?

Ina uru te huaketo HIV ki roto i tō tātou tinana, ka haere tika atu ki te kimi i ngā pūtau CD4 (ngā pūtau T āwhina) i roto i tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate. Kātahi ka whakangaromia ēnei pūtau. Ka whakaitihia te maha o ngā pūtau toto mā i roto i tō tātou tinana. Nō reira, ka ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate o tō tātou tinana, e ngāwari ana te ora ahakoa ka pāngia tātou e te mate. Ahakoa he mate iti noa iho, ka kino pea.

Ina pāngia koe e te HIV i te tuatahi, tera pea ka pāngia koe e ngā tohu pēnei i te makariri, te rewharewha rānei. Kātahi ka noho puku te huaketo i roto i tō tinana mō ngā tau maha, kāore he tohu. I taua wā, ka whakangaromia pukutia ō pūtau CD4.Ina tino heke te maha o ngā pūtau CD4, ina tīmata rānei te pāngia e ngā mate kāore e pā ki te hunga hauora, ka taea te kī kua horapa te mate HIV ki te AIDS.

Ina pāngia koe e te AIDS, ka tīmata pea koe ki te heke ohorere i tō taumaha, ka tino ngenge koe, ka puta he mate i roto i tō waha, i tō ira tangata rānei, ka pāngia koe e te kirika, te werawera i te pō, ā, ka rerekē te tae o te kiri. Waihoki, ka pāngia te hunga whai AIDS e ētahi atu mate me ngā mate pukupuku, nō reira ka puta pea ngā tohu e pā ana ki ēnā.

Kia ako tātou he aha te retrovirus.

Ka mahi ngā pūtau o tō tātou tinana i runga i tētahi mahere (he huinga tohutohu) e kiia nei ko te DNA. Ka hangaia e tēnei DNA he karere e kiia nei ko te RNA, ā, e ai ki taua karere, ka hangaia ngā pūmua e hiahiatia ana e tō tātou tinana.

Heoi, ko te mahi a ngā retrovirus he rerekē te huarahi. Ko ā rātou tohutohu he RNA. Ina uru mai he huaketo ki roto i ō tātou pūtau, ka whakarerekētia e ia tana RNA kia rite ki te DNA i roto i ō tātou pūtau. Kātahi ka tapahia e ia te DNA i roto i ō tātou pūtau ka whakauru i ana tohutohu ki roto. Kātahi ka mahi ā tātou pūtau i runga i ngā tohutohu a te huaketo. Ko te HIV tētahi o aua retrovirus.

Ko wai te hunga e tino pāngia ana e te HIV?

He hē rawa te whakapono rongonui " ko ētahi tāngata anake ka pāngia e te HIV". Ka taea e te tangata e pāngia ana e te huaketo te pāngia e te HIV. Ko te moepuku kore tiaki me te tohatoha ngira hei wero i ngā raau taero ngā huarahi matua e horapa ai te HIV.

Heoi, e ai ki ngā tatauranga, ko ētahi rōpū tāngata he nui ake te pānga o te HIV. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:

• Takatāpui, Ira-rua, MSM.
• Ko ētahi iwi, hei tauira ko te hunga mangu me te hunga Hispanic (kāore tēnei i te tino pā ki Sri Lanka, engari koinei te āhua o te ao).
• Ko te hunga e whakarato ana i ngā ratonga moepuku hei utu mō te moni, mō ētahi atu mea rānei, he nui ake te mōrearea ki te pangia e te HIV.

Ehara i te mea ko ēnei anake te hunga e pāngia ana e te HIV. Heoi, he maha ngā arai e pā ana ki ēnei rōpū ki te aukati i te HIV, te whakamātautau, me te urunga atu ki te maimoatanga tika. Ko te whakahē i te hunga takatāpui, te kaikiri, te rawakore, me te whakama e pā ana ki te HIV e aukati ana i te tini ki te uru atu ki ngā ratonga hauora kounga teitei.

He pēhea te noa o te mate HIV?

Kua paku heke te maha o ngā mate HIV hou o te ao. Engari he tokomaha tonu ngā tāngata e ora ana me te HIV. He mea nui, he tokomaha ngā tāngata kua pangia e te HIV kāore i te mōhio kei a rātou taua mate. Koia te mea nui kia whakamātauria te HIV i ia wā, i ia wā.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate HIV?

Ahakoa kāore he tohumate, ka pangia pea koe e te HIV. Koia te mea nui kia whakamātauria koe mō te HIV ahakoa kāore koe e māuiui ana.

I ētahi wā, ina pangia koe e te HIV i te wā tuatahi, ka pāngia koe e ngā tohu e rite ana ki te kirika, ki te makariri rānei. Ka kiia tēnei ko te "Acute Retroviral Syndrome" (ARS) . Kei roto i ēnei tohu:

• Kirika
• Kei te mātao ahau.
• Ngenge
• Korokoro mamae
• Mamae uaua
• Te werawera o te pō
• Ponana kiri
• Ngā kōpū lymph pupuhi
• Ngā mate waha

Ko te tikanga ka memeha haere ēnei tohu i roto i te wiki, i ngā wiki e rua rānei, tae atu ki te marama kotahi.

He aha ngā wāhanga o te mate HIV?

E toru ngā wāhanga matua o te mate HIV:

Wāhanga 1: Te Mate HIV Whakamataku

Tērā pea ka pāngia ētahi tāngata e ngā tohu pēnei i te kirika, te makariri rānei i roto i te kotahi, e rua rānei marama i muri i te pangia e te HIV. Ka memeha haere ēnei tohu i roto i te kotahi wiki, i te kotahi marama rānei. I tēnei wā , ka tere te horapa o te huaketo i roto i te tinana, nō reira he nui te tūponotanga ka pangia ētahi atu.

Wāhanga 2: Te Mate HIV Mau tonu/Te Whakaroa Hauora

I muri i te wāhanga whakapeka, ka taea e koe te noho me te HIV mō ngā tau maha me te kore e pāngia e te mate. Ka kiia tēnei ko te "wāhanga mau tonu" ko te "wāhanga haumanu" rānei. Ko te mea nui kia maumahara ahakoa kāore koe e pāngia e te mate, ka taea tonu e koe te tuku i te HIV ki ētahi atu. Ki te kore koe e whiwhi maimoatanga, ka roa pea tēnei wāhanga mō te 10 tau, neke atu rānei. Engari mō ētahi tāngata, ka tere te mutunga o tēnei wāhanga. Ka taea e te hunga e whiwhi maimoatanga te noho ki tēnei wāhanga mō ngā tekau tau.

Wāhanga 3: AIDS

Ko te AIDS te wāhanga tino kino o te mate HIV. I tēnei wāhanga, kua tino ngoikore tō pūnaha ārai mate e te huaketo HIV, ā, ka ngāwari ake koe ki te pāngia e ngā mate urutā .

Ko ngā mate urutā he mate e ngāwari ana te whakahaere mā te tangata hauora te pūnaha ārai mate. Heoi, ina ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate i te HIV, ka pā kino nui ēnei mate ki te tinana.

Ka piki ake hoki te mōrearea o te pāngia e ētahi momo mate pukupuku i roto i te hunga whai AIDS. Ko ēnei mate pukupuku me ngā mate urutā e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko ngā "mate e tautuhi ana i te AIDS".

Kia kitea ai he mate AIDS te tangata, me pangia ia e te HIV, ā, me whai ia i tētahi o ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

• He iti iho i te 200 ngā pūtau CD4 i ia mirimita kūpiko o te toto (200 ngā pūtau/mm3).
• Kei a koe tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā "mate e tautuhi ana i te AIDS".

He aha ngā mate e tautuhia ana e te AIDS?

Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā mate urutā, ētahi mate pukupuku (he maha ngā wā ka puta mai i ngā huaketo), me ētahi mate o te pūnaha io. Ko ētahi tauira:

• Te mate pukupuku o Burkitt
• Kandidiasis o te bronchi, esophagus, trachea, pukahukahu rānei
• Te isosporiasis whekau mau tonu (cystoisosporiasis) e roa ana neke atu i te marama
• Ko te Coccidioidomycosis, kua horapa/i waho o te pūkahukahu
• Te cryptosporidiosis puku mau tonu e roa ana neke atu i te marama
• Te mate Cytomegalovirus (haunga te ate, te whēkau, ngā kōpū lymph rānei), e pā ana ki te hunga neke atu i te kotahi marama te pakeke.
• Te retinitis o te cytomegalovirus (me te ngaronga o te tirohanga)
• Te mate pukupuku e pā ana ki te HIV
• Te mate cryptococcosis i waho o te pūkahukahu
• Ngā mate pukupuku herpes simplex (neke atu i te marama te roa)
• Te mate pūkahukahu herpes simplex, te niumōnia, te esophagitis rānei (e pā ana ki te hunga neke atu i te kotahi marama te pakeke)
• Histoplasmosis, horapa/waho i te pūkahukahu
• Te mate HIV wasting syndrome (HIV wasting syndrome - te tino hekenga taumaha)
• Te mate pukupuku waha kōpū
• Lymphoma Ārai Mate
• Te sarcoma Kaposi
• Ngā mate kitakita maha, ngā mate pūmau rānei
• Te matatini Mycobacterium avium (MAC), kua horapa/i waho o te pūkahukahu
• Mycobacterium kansasii, kua horapa/i waho o te pūkahukahu
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) i ngā wāhi katoa
• Ētahi atu momo mycobacteria, momo kāore anō kia mōhiotia, kua horapa/i waho o te pūkahukahu
• Te niumōnia Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP)
• Te lymphoma tuatahi o te roro
• Te mate pūkahukahu maha-aroaro whakamua (PML)
• Pūkahukahu auau
• Te mate urutā Salmonella auau (kore-taipō)
• Te toxoplasmosis o te roro (ka puta i roto i te hunga neke atu i te kotahi marama te pakeke)

He aha ngā tohu o te AIDS?

Ka puta pea ngā tohu o te AIDS i te mate HIV tonu, me ētahi atu mate e whakamahi ana i tō pūnaha ārai mate ngoikore. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:

• Te tere o te ngaro o te taumaha
• Te kirika pinepine, te werawera nui rānei i te pō
• Te tino ngenge, kāore he take
• Te pupuhi o ngā kēkē, te uma, te kaki rānei
• Te mate korere e roa ana mō ngā wiki
• Ngā mate pāwera i roto i te waha, i te nono, i ngā wāhi ira tangata rānei
• Pūkahukahu
• He whero, he parauri, he māwhero, he papura rānei ngā wāhi i runga i te kiri, i roto i te waha, i te ihu, i ngā kamo rānei
• Te ngaronga o te mahara, te pouri, me ētahi atu mate pūnaha io

He aha ngā take o te mate HIV/AIDS?

Ko te huaketo e kiia nei ko te Human Immunodeficiency Virus te take o te HIV. Ka whakaekea e tēnei huaketo ngā pūtau CD4 (ngā pūtau-T āwhina) o tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate.Ka whakaekea, ka whakangaromia rātou, ka ngoikore ai te pūnaha ārai mate.

Ka puta te AIDS ina tino whakaitihia e te HIV te maha o ngā pūtau ārai mate, ka ngoikore ai te pūnaha ārai mate ki te wāhi e kore ai e taea te whawhai ki ētahi atu mate.

Me pēhea te horapa o te HIV?

Ka taea te hora i te HIV mā roto i te toto, te purapura, ngā wai o te tara, te waiū ū, me ngā wai o te ihu o te tangata kua pangia e te HIV. Ka taea e te tangata ahakoa te tuakiri ira tangata, te hōkakatanga ira tangata rānei te pangia e te HIV, ā, ka horapa atu ki ētahi atu.

Ka taea e te huaketo te uru ki roto i tō tinana mā roto i tō waha, tō pūkahukahu, tō ure, tō tara, tō kiri pakaru rānei. Ki te kore he motu, he whara rānei i te kiri, kāore e taea e te huaketo te uru mā roto i te kiri hauora. Mena kei te hapu koe, ā, he HIV tōu, ka taea hoki te tuku i te huaketo ki tō pēpi.

Ko te moe tāne me te whakamahi i ngā ngira hei wero i ngā raau taero te huarahi matua e horapa ai te HIV. Ahakoa kāore koe e māuiui ana, ka taea tonu e koe te tuku i te HIV ki ētahi atu.

Ka taea te tuku i te HIV mā te kihi?

Nā te mea kāore te HIV e horapa mā te huware, ehara i te mea noa te horapa o te HIV mā te kihi. Heoi, ki te mea he mate waha, he toto rānei ngā kapia o te hoa tokorua, he iti noa te tūponotanga ka horapa te HIV i te wā e kihi hohonu ana, e tuwhera ana te waha, nā te mea ka taea te whakawhitiwhiti i ētahi atu wai o te tinana.

Waihoki, kāore e taea te tuku i te HIV mā roto i ēnei mea:

• Mā te pā atu, te awhi rānei i tētahi tangata whai HIV/AIDS.
• Mai i ngā wharepaku tūmatanui, i ngā puna kaukau rānei.
• Te whakawhitiwhiti kapu, rihi, waea rānei me te tangata whai HIV/AIDS.
• Mai i ngā pepeke ngau pērā i te waeroa.
• Mā te tuku toto (he tino haumaru ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana mō te tuku toto i Sri Lanka).

Me pēhea taku mōhio mēnā kei a au te HIV?

Kāore e taea te kī mēnā he HIV tō te tangata mā te titiro atu ki a ia. Waihoki, ka pangia pea koe e te HIV, ā, kāore he tohu e pā mai ana. Ko te huarahi anake hei mōhio mēnā he HIV tōu ko te whakamātautau HIV.

Nā te mea kotahi i roto i te whitu o ngā tāngata whai HIV kāore i te mōhio kei a rātou tēnei mate, e taunakihia ana kia whakamātauria te hunga katoa i waenga i te 13 me te 64 tau te pakeke mō te HIV i te iti rawa i te kotahi wā hei wāhanga o te tirotiro hauora o ia rā. He whakamātautau tūao tēnei, ā, he mea huna hoki.

Me pēhea te tautuhi i te mate HIV? (Tautuhinga)

Ka kitea te mate HIV mā te whakamātautau i tō toto, i tō huware rānei . Ka taea e koe te tiki i tēnei whakamātautau ki te kāinga (me ngā kete whakamātautau ki te kāinga), i te tari tākuta, i tētahi pokapū whakamātautau rānei i tō rohe.

Mena he "Kāore" te hua o tō whakamātautau, kāore he hiahia mō ētahi atu whakamātautau i ēnei āhuatanga:

• Mena kāore anō kia pāngia koe e te HIV i roto i ngā marama e toru i mua i te whakamātautau.
• Mena kāore anō kia pāngia koe e te huaketo i roto i te "wā matapihi" o te whakamātautau toto (te wā e pau ana kia kitea ai te huaketo). (Mena kāore koe i te tino mōhio mō te wā matapihi o te whakamātautau i mahia e koe, pātai atu ki tō tākuta.)

Mena i pāngia koe i roto i ngā marama e toru i muri i te whakamātautau, he mea pai kia whakamātautauhia anō koe hei whakaū i te hua "kāore".

Ki te hoki mai te hua o tō whakamātautau he "Pai," ka whakahaerehia e te taiwhanga ētahi atu whakamātautau hei whakaū i te hua.

He aha ngā momo whakamātautau hei kite i te mate HIV?

E toru ngā momo matua o ngā whakamātautau HIV:

1. Ngā Whakamātautau Paturopi/Paturopi:

• Ka rapua e ngā whakamātautau paturopi tētahi tohu e kīia nei ko te p24 i runga i te mata o te huaketo HIV. Ka rapua e ngā whakamātautau paturopi ngā matū e hangaia ana e ō tātou tinana hei ārai i aua tohu. Ka rapua e tēnei whakamātautau ngā mea e rua.
• Ka tangohia e te tākuta tētahi tauira toto iti mai i tētahi uaua i tō ringa. Ka tukuna ki tētahi taiwhanga, ā, ka whakamātauria mō te p24 me ngā paturopi ki roto. Ka taea e tēnei whakamātautau te kite i te HIV i waenga i te 18 me te 45 rā i muri i te pānga.
• Ka taea te whakahaere i tētahi whakamātautau tere mō te antigen/antibody mā te whakamahi i tētahi tauira toto maihao. Ka taea e tēnei whakamātautau te kite i te HIV i te iti rawa 18 ngā rā i muri i te pānga. Ka roa pea ki te 90 ngā rā kia tika ai ngā hua. ("Tere" e pā ana ki te wā e pau ana ki te kite i te huaketo, ehara i te wā e pau ana ki te kite i te huaketo).

2. Ngā Whakamātautau Paturopi:

• Ka rapua e ēnei whakamātautau ngā paturopi ki te HIV i roto i tō toto, i tō huware rānei. Ka taea tēnei mā te tango i tētahi tauira toto mai i tētahi uaua i tō ringa, mā te wero i tētahi maihao, mā te tango rānei i tētahi tauira huware mai i tētahi ūkui o ō kapia.
• E 23 ki te 90 ngā rā i muri i te pānga ka kitea te HIV i roto i te whakamātautau paturopi. Ka tere ake te kitea o te HIV i ngā whakamātautau paturopi, e mahia ana i runga i te toto i tangohia mai i te uaua, i ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana i runga i te huware, i te toto rānei i tangohia mai i te matimati.

3. Ngā Whakamātautau Waikawa Karihi (NAT):

• Ka rapua e ngā NAT te huaketo HIV i roto i ō toto. Ka tangohia e te tākuta tētahi tauira toto iti mai i tētahi uaua i tō ringa. Ka tukuna ki tētahi taiwhanga hei whakamātautau mō te HIV.
• Ka taea e te NAT te kite i te HIV i waenga i te 10 me te 33 ngā rā i muri i te pānga. Heoi, ko te tikanga ka mahia tēnei whakamātautau mēnā kua pāngia koe e te mate mōrearea nui.

Mena he "pai" te hua o tō whakamātautau, ka tūtohu tō tākuta i ētahi atu whakamātautau hei aromatawai i tō hauora. Kei roto pea i ēnei:

• Tatau Toto Katoa (CBC)
• Te tirotiro i te mate hepatitis huaketo
• X-ray o te uma
• Pap smear (mō ngā wāhine)
• Te maha o ngā pūtau CD4 (te maha o ngā pūtau CD4)
• Whakamātautau mate kohi

He whakamātautau HIV kei te kāinga? (Ngā whakamātautau kāinga)

Ae, kei reira ngā kete whakamātautau HIV ka taea e koe te mahi i te kāinga. Ko ētahi he whakamātautau tere. I roto i ēnei, ka mirimiri koe i ō kapia ki tētahi ūkui ngohengohe, ngāwari. Kātahi ka whakanohoia te ūkui ki roto i tētahi ngongo kei roto he wai motuhake, ā, ka pānuihia ngā hua. Ka wātea ngā hua i roto i te 15-20 meneti.

Ko ētahi atu whakamātautau kāinga ka whakamahia he taputapu hei wero i tō maihao ki tētahi ngira iti. Ka tāpirihia he pata toto ki tētahi kāri, ā, ka tukuna te kete whakamātautau ki tētahi taiwhanga mō ngā hua.

Mena he "pai" te hua o tō whakamātautau kāinga, me toro atu koe ki tō tākuta me te whakamātautau anō hei whakaū i te hua.

He rongoā anō kei te wātea mō te mate HIV?

Kāore anō kia kitea he rongoā mō te HIV i tēnei wā. Heoi, he maha ngā maimoatanga tino whai hua ka taea te whakahaere i te whanaketanga o te HIV.

Me pēhea te rongoā mō te HIV? (Te rongoā)

Ka rongoatia te HIV mā te rongoā ā-waha i ia rā e kiia nei ko te rongoā antiretroviral (ART) .

Ko te tango i ngā rongoā rerekē, kaua ko te kotahi noa te rongoā, te huarahi tino whai hua hei aukati i te horapa me te whakangaro i ngā pūtau o te HIV. Kei reira anō ngā pire whakakotahi kei roto he maha ngā rongoā i roto i te pire kotahi. Ka āta whiriwhiria e tō tākuta te huinga tika māu.

Ko te whāinga o te maimoatanga ART he whakaiti i te nui o te HIV i roto i te toto (te kawenga huaketo) ki tētahi taumata e kore e kitea e te whakamātautau HIV, me te whakahaere i te ngoikore o te pūnaha ārai mate i puta mai i te HIV.

Ngā rongoā e whakamahia ana mō te HIV

He rerekē te mahi a ia momo rongoā e whakamahia ana i roto i te ART hei aukati i te huaketo HIV kei hanga tārua anō i a ia anō, kei pangia rānei ō pūtau. Tērā pea he rerekē ngā ingoa waitohu o te momo rongoā ART kotahi.

He maha ngā momo rongoā ART:

• Ngā aukati transcriptase whakamuri nucleoside (NRTI)
• Ngā aukati transcriptase whakamuri kore-nucleoside (NNRTI)
• Ngā aukati protease (PI)
• Ngā aukati whakakotahitanga
• Ngā aukati i te kaiwhakawhiwhi CCR5 (ngā kaitukino CCR5)
• Ngā aukati whakawhiti aho Integrase (INSTI)
• Ngā aukati āpitihanga
• Ngā aukati i muri i te tāpiritanga
• Ngā whakarei ake i te rongoā
• Te whakakotahitanga o ngā rongoā HIV

Me pēhea taku tiaki i ahau anō i a au e noho tahi ana me te HIV?

He mea tino nui kia tangohia e koe tō rongoā kia rite ki te whakahaunga, i te wā tika, kaua hoki e mahue ngā wā whakarite a tō tākuta. Ka kiia tēnei koKa kiia tēnei ko te piripono ki te maimoatanga.

Ki te kore koe e tango i tō rongoā, ahakoa he tūpono noa iho, ka taea e te huaketo HIV te whakarerekē i te huarahi e pangia ai ngā pūtau (te whakarerekē). Ki te tupu tēnā, tērā pea kāore e mahi te rongoā e tangohia ana e koe. Ki te kore koe e tango i tō rongoā i te wā tika, e kore rānei e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga i tō wā mahi, kōrero ki tō tākuta mō tēnei mea.

He aha ngā mea me tumanako atu ahau mēnā kei a au te HIV?

Ki te mea kua tāpaetia koe he HIV, ko te mea nui kia mōhio koe, ko te hunga whai HIV mā te whai tika i ngā tohutohu maimoatanga ka taea e rātou te ora roa, pērā i te tangata kāore he HIV.

Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau mēnā he nui te maha o ō pūtau CD4, ā, kāore e kitea tō kawenga huaketo i roto i te tau kotahi o te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga, ka whiwhi koe i ngā hua pai rawa atu, mēnā ka whai tonu koe i te mahere maimoatanga.

Ka taea e koe te whakapai ake i tō tirohanga mā te mahi i ēnei mea:

• Me whakamātau koe i tō hauora hei wāhanga o te tirotiro hauora o ia rā, mēnā rānei kei te whakaaro koe kua pāngia koe e te mate.
• Tīmata wawe tonu te maimoatanga ART i muri i te tākutatanga kua pāngia koe e te HIV.
• Tangohia tō rongoā i te tika i ia rā.
• Kia mau ki ngā wā whakarite me tō tīma hauora.

Ahakoa ka taea e te ART te whakaiti i te nui o te huaketo i roto i tō toto ki ngā taumata kāore e kitea, kāore e taea te whakakore katoa i te huaketo i roto i tō tinana (tērā pea ka takoto kau i roto i ō pūtau). Ki te kore koe e tango i tō rongoā i ia wā, ka tīmata te horapa anō o te huaketo me te whakarerekē, ā, ka mutu pea te mahi a tō rongoā.

Ki te kore e rongoatia, ka roa pea te tekau tau ka huri te HIV hei AIDS. Ki te pāngia koe e te AIDS, ā, kāore koe e rongoatia, ka toru tau pea tō oranga.

Heoi, i roto i te hunga e rongoatia ana, ki te nui te maha o ngā pūtau CD4, ā, kāore e kitea te kawenga huaketo i roto i te tau kotahi o te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga, ka taea e rātou te ora rite tonu ki te tangata kāore he HIV. Ki te iti te maha o ngā pūtau CD4 i roto i te tau kotahi o te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga, ki te kore rānei e kitea te kawenga huaketo, he iti ake pea te ora o rātou mō te 10-20 tau i te tangata kāore he HIV.

Ka memeha haere te HIV i a ia anō?

Kāore te HIV e memeha noa iho. Nā te mea ka uru ki roto i tō DNA, ka whakaaro ō pūtau he wāhanga ia nōu. Ahakoa kāore pea koe e kite i tētahi tohu mō ngā tau i muri i te pangia tuatahi, ā, kāore pea koe e māuiui, ka taea tonu e te huaketo HIV te whakakino i tō pūnaha ārai mate.

I a koe e tango ana i te rongoā, tera pea ētahi wā ka iti rawa te huaketo kia kitea i roto i te whakamātautau HIV. I ēnei wā, ka noho huna pea te HIV i roto i tō tinana, kāore e kitea. Ka taea e ia te "ara ake" ā muri ake nei ka tīmata anō ki te whakangaro i ō pūtau.

Koia te mea nui kia mau tonu te tango i ō rongoā HIV, ahakoa kāore koe e māuiui ana, kāore rānei e kitea te nui o te huaketo. Ki te kore he maimoatanga, ka ngoikore tō pūnaha ārai mate e te HIV, ā, ka kore e taea e ia te whawhai ki ētahi atu mate kino.

Me pēhea taku whakaiti i te mōrearea o te pangia e te HIV?

Ko te huarahi pai ki te whakaiti i tō tupono ki te pangia e te HIV ko te mōhio ki te horapa o te HIV, me te tiaki i a koe anō i roto i ētahi mahi. Ko te moe tāne me te kore tiaki me te tiritiri ngira hei wero i ngā raau taero ngā huarahi matua e horapa ai te HIV.

Anei ētahi huarahi hei whakaiti i tō mōrearea:

• Whakamahia ngā ure rapa (ngā rapa) mō ngā momo moepuku katoa (te tara, te ihu, te waha rānei). Kaua e whakamahi i ngā ure i hangaia mai i ngā hua kararehe (hei tauira, te hiako hipi).
• Whakamahia he hinu whakahinuhinu wai (kirikiri).
• Kaua rawa e whakawhitiwhiti ngira hei werohanga i ngā rongoā.
• Me whakamātau koe, me te rongoā mō ētahi atu mate pāwera ira tangata (STI). Mā te whai i ētahi atu STI ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te pangia e te HIV.
• Kaua e haurangi, kaua hoki e whakamahi i ngā raau taero hei whakararu i tō whakaaro. Kāore e kaha te hunga haurangi ki te tiaki i a rātou anō.
• Mena he nui te mōrearea o te pangia e te HIV, pātai atu ki tō tākuta mēnā me tango e koe te PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) .
• Ki te whakaaro koe kua pāngia koe e te HIV, me toro atu ki tō tākuta i te wā e taea ai kia kite ai mēnā me tango e koe te PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) .
• Whakaarohia te whakamātau i a koe anō kia kitea ai mēnā ka taea e koe te tuku i te HIV ki ētahi atu.

He mea tino nui te whakamahi tika i te ure tāne hei ārai i te mate HIV. Whakamahia he ure tāne i ngā wā katoa e pā ana ki te ure.

Ka taea e koe te tiaki i tō tenetene, i tō nono rānei mā te whakamahi i ngā ārai niho , i ngā ure rānei o roto (ure wahine) . Ko ngā ārai niho he wahi papatahi o te polyurethane, te rapa rānei ka taea te whakatakoto ki runga i te tenetene, i te nono rānei i te wā e moe ā-waha ana. Ka taea te whakauru i tētahi ure o roto ki roto i te tenetene, i te nono rānei, ā, ka whakamahia.

Whakamahia kotahi te momo ure tāne i te wā kotahi. Kaua e whakamahia te ure tāne me te ure ā-roto i te wā kotahi.

Ka taea e te rongoā te ārai i te HIV?

He rongoā kei reira hei āwhina i te ārai i te HIV, mō te hunga kua pāngia e te mate HIV me te hunga kei te tino mōrearea te pāngia e te mate HIV. Ko ēnei ko te PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis) me te PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) .

Te ārai i mua i te pānga (PrEP)

Ko te PrEP he pire ka tangohia i ia rā mēnā kāore koe i te pangia e te HIV engari he nui te mōrearea o te pangia e te mate.

Ina koa, ki te kore koe e pangia e te HIV, kua moe tāne, wahine rānei i roto i ngā marama e ono kua pahure ake nei, ā, he pono tētahi o ēnei āhuatanga, me tango e koe te PrEP:

• He mate HIV tō hoa moepuku.
• Kāore koe i whakamahi i te ure tāne i ngā wā katoa.
• Kua pāngia koe e te mate urutā (STI) i roto i ngā marama e ono kua pahure ake nei.

E taunakihia ana te PrEP mēnā kāore koe i te mate HIV, kei te werohanga koe i ngā rongoā, ā, mēnā he pono tētahi o ēnei āhuatanga:

• Ka werohia e koe ngā raau taero me tō hoa he mate HIV tōna.
• Ka tohaina e koe ngā ngira, ngā taputapu rānei hei wero i ngā raau taero.

Ehara te PrEP i te whakakapi mō ētahi atu momo tiaki. Ahakoa kei te tango koe i te PrEP, me whakamahi tonu koe i ngā ure tākihi, ā, me karo hoki i te whakawhitiwhiti ngira hei wero i ngā raau taero.

Te ārai i muri i te pānga (PEP)

Ka whakamahia e te PEP ngā rongoā HIV hei ārai i te mate HIV i muri tonu i te pānga ki a koe. Ko te PEP he mea mō te hunga kāore he HIV, kāore rānei i te mōhio mēnā he HIV tā rātou engari e whakaaro ana kua pāngia rātou e te moepuku whakaaetia, te whakaeke moepuku, te tohatoha ngira (me ētahi atu taputapu rānei), te pānga mahi rānei.

Me tīmata te PEP i roto i ngā hāora 72 o te pānga, ā, me tango i ia rā mō ngā rā 28. Mō ngā āhuatanga ohorere anake te PEP, ehara i te mea hei whakakapi mō ētahi atu momo tiaki, pērā i te whakamahi i te ure tākihi.

Mena kei a au te HIV, me pēhea taku ārai i tōna horapa ki ētahi atu?

Ko ngā huarahi pai hei ārai i te horapa o te HIV ki ētahi atu he rite tonu ki ngā huarahi hei tiaki i a koe anō:

• Kōrero atu ki ō hoa moepuku me te hunga e werohia ana e koe ngā raau taero he mate HIV tōu.
• Whāia tō mahere maimoatanga, kaua hoki e mahue te rongoā. Mēnā kāore e kitea tō kawenga huaketo, ka tino whakaitihia tō tūponotanga ki te tuku i te HIV mā te moepuku (U=U: Kāore e kitea = Kāore e taea te tuku).
• Kōrero ki tō hoa moepuku mō te tango i te PrEP.
• Ahakoa kāore e kitea tō kawenga huaketo, mauria he ure tāne i te wā e moe ana, e moe ana, me te moe ā-waha.
• Kaua e tohaina ngā ngira, ngā taputapu rānei e whakamahia ana hei wero i ngā raau taero.
• Whakawhāitihia te maha o ō hoa moepuku.
• Mena kei te hapu koe, ā, kei a koe te HIV, mā te whai i tō mahere maimoatanga, tae atu ki te rongoā ART, ka taea te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te horapa o te huaketo ki tō pēpi.

Ka taea e au te hapu mēnā kei a au te HIV?

Ki tā ētahi he uaua ake te hapu mā te HIV, engari kāore tēnā i te pono. Mena kei a koe te HIV, ā, e hiahia ana koe kia hapu, kōrero ki tō tākuta. Ka taea e kōrua te whakarite tahi i tētahi mahere hei pupuri i te hauora o kōrua, o tō hoa rangatira, me ā kōrua tamariki ā muri ake nei.

Ka taea e koe te tuku i te HIV ki tō hoa mā te moepuku kore tiaki, me tō pēpi i te wā e hapu ana, e whānau ana, e whāngai ana hoki. Mā te tango ART ka tino whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te tuku i te HIV ki tō pēpi, inā koa mēnā kāore e kitea tō kawenga huaketo. Ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta kia hoatu e koe he miraka miraka ki tō pēpi hei utu mō te waiū ū.

Āhea ahau me toro atu ki taku tākuta?

Ki te whakaaro koe kua pāngia koe e te HIV, waea atu ki tō tākuta tonu. Ki te mea he HIV tōu, he mea nui kia tīmata wawe tonu te maimoatanga.

Ki te mōhio kē koe kei a koe te HIV, whai i ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta mō te wā tika ki te kōrero. He mea nui te rongoā i tētahi momo mate, nō reira kōrero ki a rātou mēnā kei a koe ngā tohu hou pēnei i te kirika, te werawera i te pō, te korere, tetahi atu mea rānei e āwangawanga ana koe.

He aha ngā pātai me pātai atu e au ki taku tākuta?

• He nui ake te mōrearea o te pangia e te HIV?
• He aha taku e taea ai hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te pangia e te HIV?
• Me pēhea taku whakarite kei te tika taku tango i taku rongoā?
• He aha taku e taea ai hei tiaki i ahau i ētahi atu mate?
• Me pēhea te ārai i te horapa o te HIV?
• He aha te tikanga o ngā hua o taku whakamātautau?
• He aha te tikanga o aku tatauranga toto?
• He aha ngā werohanga me whiwhi ahau?

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)

He pai ake ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga o ēnei rā i tō te wā i tino pāngia ai koe e te mate urutā AIDS. Mēnā ka kitea wawetia tō mate, ka whakamahia te ART, ā, ka piri tonu ki tēnā, ko te tūponotanga pai rawa atu tēnei mō te ora roa. I ēnei rā, ka taea e te hunga e ora ana me te HIV te mahi, te whai oranga pāpori kaha, te whakatipu whānau, me te whai whanaungatanga whai hua. Inaa, ka taea e ēnei mea te whai pānga pai ki tō oranga hinengaro.

Ahakoa te tawhiti kua tae mai ki te taha o te maimoatanga, heoi anō, kei te mau tonu te whakama e pā ana ki te HIV. Haunga te wehi me te koretake e puta mai ana i te tātaritanga hou, tera pea ka āwangawanga koe mō te urupare a te hunga e karapoti ana i a koe. Mena kei te ruarua koe mō te whakamātautau, te maimoatanga rānei, ki te kore rānei koe e tino mōhio mō ō mahi e whai ake nei, kōrero ki tētahi whakahaere hapori e tohunga ana ki te HIV. Kia maumahara, kei a koe te tika ki te tautoko, ki te aroha, me te tiaki hauora kounga teitei.

` HIV, AIDS, pūnaha ārai mate, retrovirus, pūtau CD4, maimoatanga ART, hauora ā-ira tangata