Kia ako tātou i ētahi atu kōrero mō te niumōnia. Ehara i te makariri noa iho!

Kei te pāngia koe e te makariri, te maremare e kino haere ana i ia rā, me te ahua kē o te kikī o tō uma? Ehara pea i te makariri noa iho, engari he niumōnia pea. Kaua e manukanuka, ka kōrero tātou mō te niumōnia, me pēhea te karo, me te aha hoki mēnā ka pāngia koe i tēnei rā.

He aha rawa te niumōnia?

I te whakarapopototanga, he mate pukupuku te niumōnia. Ka puta pea i te huakita, i te huaketo, i ētahi wā rānei i te harore. Mā tēnei mate ka pupuhi te kiko o tō pukahukahu, ka kī tonu i te wai, i te pūkahukahu rānei. Whakaarohia he rite ki te hautai e mimiti ana i te wai. Nā tēnei ka tino uaua te manawa.

He nui ake te kino o te niumōnia kitakita i te niumōnia huaketo. He maha ngā wā ka memeha noa te niumōnia huaketo. Ka pā pea tēnei mate ki te kotahi anake o ngā pūkahukahu, ki ngā pūkahukahu e rua rānei. Mēnā ka pā ki ngā pūkahukahu e rua, ka kiia ko te "niumōnia rua-taha" te "niumōnia takirua" rānei.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te niumōnia huaketo me te niumōnia kitakita?

Ahakoa he mate pūkahukahu ngā mea e rua, he iti noa ngā rerekētanga o ngā tohu i runga i te pūtake. He mea tino nui te mārama ki tēnei rerekētanga mō te maimoatanga.

He maha ngā momo niumōnia, kei runga i te āhua o tōna whanaketanga.

Ka wehea e ngā tākuta te niumōnia kia maha ngā momo matua, i runga i te āhua o te pānga mai me te iroriki i puta mai ai.

Te niumōnia i riro mai i te hapori (CAP)

Koinei te momo tino noa. Mēnā ka pāngia koe e tēnei mate i roto i te hapori, kaua i roto i te hōhipera, i a koe e noho ana i tō oranga o ia rā, ka kiia ko 'CAP'. Ko ngā tino take o tēnei:

• Huakita: Ko te huakita 'Streptococcus pneumoniae' te take matua. Ka taea hoki e tēnei te whakararu i ngā mate taringa me ngā raruraru ihu. He iti ake ngā tohu o te niumōnia i puta mai i te 'Mycoplasma pneumoniae'.
• Ngā Huaketo: Ka taea hoki e ngā huaketo pēnei i te makariri noa, te rewharewha, te COVID-19, me te RSV te whakaputa i te niumōnia.
• Harore: Kāore i te tino kitea tēnei, engari ka pāngia hoki te hunga ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate e te niumōnia nā te harore.

Te niumōnia i riro mai i te hōhipera (HAP)

Ki te pāngia koe e te niumōnia i a koe e noho ana i te hōhipera mō tētahi atu mate, mō tētahi atu pokanga rānei, ka kiia ko te `HAP.' He ahua morearea tēnei nā te mea he ātete ngā iroriki i roto i ngā hōhipera ki ētahi paturopi. Hei tauira ko te huakita `MRSA.' Nō reira he ahua uaua ake te rongoā i tēnei momo.

Te niumōnia manawa

He momo tino nui anō hoki tēnei. Mēnā ka kai, ka inu, ka tuwha, ka ruaki rānei koe i tētahi mea ki roto i ō pukahukahu mā roto i tō ara manawa, ka pangia pea, ka puta ai tēnei mate. He rite ki te kai "i hē te ara." I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea e tātou te maremare ka whakakore. Engari mō te hunga kāore e taea te mahi i tēnā, inā koa ko te hunga kaumātua, ko te hunga rānei he mate pūnaha io, he nui ake te mōrearea.

Me pēhea koe e mōhio ai mēnā he makariri noa iho tēnei, he rewharewha, he niumōnia rānei?

Ina hoki, he rite tonu ngā tohu o ngā mate e toru, nō reira he ngāwari te whakapoauau i ētahi wā. Heoi, he mate kino te niumōnia ka taea te whakamate i te ora, nō reira, ki te whai koe i ngā tohu i raro nei , me toro atu koe ki te tākuta tonu.

Ko wai kei te nui ake te mōrearea ki te pāngia e te niumōnia?

Ahakoa ka pāngia te tangata katoa e te niumōnia, he nui ake te mōrearea o ētahi tāngata.

• Ngā pēpi kei raro iho i te 2 tau te pakeke me te hunga neke atu i te 65 tau te pakeke.
• Ngā tāngata whai mate pūkahukahu pēnei i te mate huango, te COPD, te mate manawa rānei.
• Ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e ngā mate pūnaha io pērā i te whiu me te mate a Parkinson e uaua ai te horomi.
• Ngā tāngata i ngā hōhipera, i ngā whare tiaki kaumātua rānei.
• Ngā tāngata e momi hikareti ana.
• Ngā whaea hapū.
• Te hunga kua ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate (hei tauira, te hunga e whiwhi ana i te rongoā chemotherapy mō te mate pukupuku, te hunga whai HIV/AIDS, te hunga kua whakawhitia ōkana).

He aha ngā tohu o te niumōnia?

Ka rerekē ngā tohu i ia tangata, i ia tangata, ā, ka rerekē anō hoki ngā tohu i runga i te pūtake.

Ngā tohu o te niumōnia huakita

Ka puta ohorere pea ēnei tohu, ka puta mārire rānei.

• Te kirika nui (tērā pea tae atu ki te 40.5 Celsius).
• Te maremare i te hūpē kōwhai, kakariki, toto rānei.
• Tino ngenge te ngenge.
• Te pikinga ake o te tere o te manawa me te poto o te manawa.
• Te pikinga o te tere o te ngakau.
• Te mātao me te werawera.
• Te mamae o te uma me te puku i te wā e maremare ana, e manawa hōhonu ana rānei.
• Kāore he reka o te kai.
• Te tae kikorangi o te kiri, o ngā ngutu, o ngā maikuku rānei (cyanosis).
• Te pōuri, te pōhēhē rānei (ina koa i roto i te hunga kaumātua).

Ngā tohu o te niumōnia huaketo

Ka piki haere ēnei i roto i ētahi rā.

• Maremare maroke.
• Te mamae o te upoko.
• Mamae uaua.
• Te ngenge nui, te ngoikore rānei.

Ngā tohu e puta ana i roto i ngā tamariki me ngā pēpi

He maha ngā wā, kāore ngā pēpi nohinohi e whakaatu i ngā tohu rite ki ngā pakeke. Hei mātua, me tino āwangawanga koe mō tēnei.

• Te kirika, te makariri, te werawera.
• Maremare.
• Te whewhe, te tere rānei o te manawa (tachypnea).
• Te kore e kai, te kore e inu.
• Te ruaki.
• Matekore, hiamoe tonu.
• Te tangi tonu me te koretake.
• Te iti haere o te mimi (te iti haere o te mākū o te nāpi).
• Kiri mā.
• Te uaua ki te ngote i te waiū.

Ngā tohu e kitea ana i roto i te hunga neke atu i te 65 tau te pakeke

Kāore pea ngā kaumātua e whakaatu i ngā tohu noa pēnei i te mare me te kirika. Engari, ka pāngia pea rātou e ēnei āhuatanga.

• Te mate wareware ohorere.
• Kāore he reka o te kai.
• Te ngenge nui rawa.

He mate hopuhopu te niumōnia?

He pātai tēnei e pātaihia ana e te tini tāngata. Inaa, ko te mate tonu e kīia nei ko te niumōnia, kāore e horapa mai i te tangata ki te tangata. Heoi, ko ngā iroriki (ngā huaketo me ngā huakita) e hua ai te niumōnia he horapa.

Hei tauira, ka taea e te tangata e pangia ana e te rewharewha te hora i te rewharewha ki tētahi atu tangata. Engari ehara i te mea ko te hunga katoa e pangia ana e te rewharewha ka pāngia e te niumōnia. Engari mō ētahi tāngata, ka taea e te rewharewha te kino rawa atu, ā, ka huri hei niumōnia. Ko te tikanga ko te huaketo te mea e horapa ana, ehara i te niumōnia tonu.

Me pēhea te tautuhi a te tākuta i te niumōnia?

Ina kite koe i te tākuta, ka pātai ia mō ō tohumate, ka whakarongo ki ō pukahukahu mā te whakamahi i te stethoscope, ā, ki te tika, ka mahi i ētahi whakamātautau pēnei.

He aha ngā maimoatanga mō te niumōnia?

Ko te maimoatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo iroriki i puta ai tō niumōnia me te kaha o te mate.

• Ngā rongoā paturopi:Ka hoatu noa ēnei mō te niumōnia kitakita. Kāore e mahi mō ngā huaketo.
• Ngā rongoā ārai huaketo: Ka hoatu ētahi rongoā pēnei i te oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) mō te niumōnia huaketo. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ngā take o te niumōnia huaketo ka memeha noa iho.
• Ngā rongoā ārai harore: Ka hoatu ēnei rongoā mēnā he harore te take o te mate.
• Whakaora hāora: Mena he uaua te manawa, ka hoatu te hāora mā te ngongo ihu, mā te kopare waha rānei.
• Wai IV (tote): Ka tukuna te tote ki roto i te uaua hei ārai i te matewai.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā tohumate i te kāinga?

Haunga ngā rongoā e tohua ana e tō tākuta, he maha atu anō ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahi i te kāinga.

• Tangohia ngā rongoā whakamamae pēnei i te Paracetamol, te Ibuprofen rānei, mō te kirika me ngā mamae o te tinana e ai ki ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta. Kaua rawa e hoatu he aspirin ki ngā tamariki nohinohi me te kore he tohutohu a te tākuta.
• Pātai atu ki tō tākuta i mua i te tango i te rongoā maremare, he huarahi tūturu hoki te maremare hei tango i te hūpē mai i ngā pukahukahu.
• Kia nui te okiokinga. He mea tino nui te whakangā i tō tinana kia tere ai te ora.
• Inumia he nui ngā wai, pērā i te wai, te wai hua, me te parāoa.
• Mā te whakamahi i tētahi mea whakamakuku hau, e tāpiri ana i te makuku ki te hau i roto i tō rūma, ka māmā ake te manawa.

Me pēhea te ārai i te niumōnia?

Ko te huarahi pai hei ārai i te niumōnia ko te werohanga i ngā huakita e hua ai te niumōnia.

• Ngā kano ārai mate: Kei reira ngā kano ārai mate mō ngā huakita `pneumococcal` e hua ai te niumōnia (`Pneumovax23®`, `Prevnar13®`). Kōrero ki tō tākuta mō te kano ārai mate tika mōu, mō tō whānau rānei. He mea nui hoki kia whiwhi koe i te kano ārai mate `rewharewha` me te kano ārai mate `COVID-19` i ia tau. Hoatu ngā kano ārai mate e hiahiatia ana e āu tamariki i te wā tika.
• Āta karohia te kai hikareti: Ka kino te kai hikareti i ō pukahukahu, ā, ka ngāwari ake te pāngia e ngā mate.
• Horoia ō ringaringa kia tino pai: Horoia ō ringaringa i ngā wā katoa ki te hopi.
• He momo noho hauora: He kaha te pūnaha ārai mate o te tangata e kai pai ana, e whakakorikori tinana ana, e nui ana hoki te moe.

Āhea ahau me kite i te tākuta, me te haere ki te ETU?

He mea tino nui tēnei. Mēnā kei a koe ēnei tohu e whai ake nei, me toro atu koe ki te tākuta.

• Te uaua ki te manawa.
• Te kirika, te maremare rānei me te huware.
• Tino ngenge te ngenge.
• Kāore he reka o te kai.

Heoi, ki te pāngia koe e tētahi o ngā tohu kino e whai ake nei, haere tonu ki te Tari Ohotata (ETU) o te hōhipera tata.

• Ki te uaua te manawa ahakoa tū noa iho.
• Mena he mamae hou te uma, he mamae haere rānei.
• Mena kua ngoikore tō hinengaro, ā, kāore e taea e koe te whakaaro mārama.