Ina pāngia tātou e te kirika, e te makariri rānei, ka pai ake i roto i ētahi rā, tika? Kua whakaaro kē koe me pēhea te tupu o tēnā? He ope nui anō hoki kei roto i ō tātou tinana, e whawhai ana ki ngā iroriki e puta ai te mate mai i waho. Ko tētahi o ngā hōia tino motuhake o taua ope ko ngā 'antibodies'. I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi momo paturopi motuhake, ko 'Polyclonal Antibodies'. Ahakoa he ahua pūtaiao te ahua o tēnei ingoa, he tino māmā te kōrero. Me titiro tātou ki ngā taipitopito o ēnei parenga tinana.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he aha ēnei paturopi polyclonal?
He pūmua iti ngā paturopi polyclonal, he wāhanga o tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate. Ina koa, ka hangaia ēnei e tētahi rōpū pūtau e kiia nei ko ngā pūtau plasma B.
Nā, me whakangawari ake tātou i tēnei. Whakaarohia kua tae mai tētahi hoariri ki tō whenua. Hei tautuhi i taua hoariri, he 'tohu' motuhake kei tōna tinana. He rite tonu ina uru mai tētahi iroriki, he huaketo, he huakita rānei ki roto i tō tātou tinana. He 'tohu' motuhake kei te mata o taua iroriki. I roto i te rongoā, ka kiia tēnei tohu he 'antigen' .
Ina kite tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate i tēnei pūmua ārai mate, ka mōhiotia e ia, ā, ka mea, "Āe... ehara tēnei i tētahi o tātou, he tangata nō waho." Kātahi ka mahi tō tātou ope taua, arā, ngā pūmua ārai mate.
Engari he mea iti anō tēnei. Mō tētahi pūmua, arā, mō te tinana o tētahi hoariri, he maha ngā wāhi ka taea e ā tātou paturopi te hopu. Pērā i te maha o ngā kōhao hei whakauru i ngā kī ki roto i te tatau kotahi. Ka kiia ia kōhao he 'epitope' .
Ko te tikanga o te kupu 'polyclonal' he 'nō ngā momo rerekē'. Nō reira, ko ngā paturopi polyclonal he kohinga o ngā momo paturopi maha ka taea te whakaeke i ngā wāhi rerekē (epitopes) i runga i te hoariri kotahi (antigen). Ka tino whakaitihia e tēnei te tūponotanga o te ora o te hoariri.
Ahakoa e hangaia ana ēnei i roto i ō tātou tinana, hei whakamahinga rongoā, i ētahi wā ka tangohia mai i ngā tinana o ngā kararehe pērā i te rāpeti me te hipi, i te toto rānei o te hunga kua ora mai i ētahi mate.
Me pēhea te mahi a ēnei i roto i te tinana?
He tino whakamere te tukanga o tēnei. Whakaarohia he rite ki te kī me te honu.
1. Ka tomo mai te hoariri: Ka tomo mai he huaketo, he huakita rānei ki roto i tō tātou tinana. He 'tae' kei tōna mata. He antigens ēnei.
2. Ngā taipitopito o te honu: Engari he maha ngā kōhao kī o ia honu. He epitope ēnei.
3. Ka tae mai te ope kī: Ina kite tonu tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate i tēnei pepeke, ka hangaia e ia he maha o ngā 'momo kī' rerekē ka uru ki roto i ia kōhao. Ko taua ope kī e kiia ana ko ngā paturopi polyclonal.
4. Ka tīmata te pakanga:Ka herea ēnei momo kī (antibodies) ki ngā kōhao rerekē (epitopes) i roto i te tinana o te hoariri. Ka whakaekea e rātou te hoariri kotahi mai i ngā wāhi maha.
5. Whakangaromia te hoariri: Ina piri pēnei ngā paturopi, ka taea e ētahi atu pūtau o te pūnaha ārai mate te kite me te whakangaro i tēnei hoariri.
Ki te kī ngāwari, ko te āhuatanga motuhake o ngā paturopi polyclonal ko te kore e whakaeke i te hoariri kotahi i te huarahi kotahi, engari ka whakaekea e rātou mai i ngā koki rerekē me ngā huarahi rerekē. Mā tēnei ka kaha ake, ka whai hua ake hoki te urupare ārai mate.
He aha te whakamahinga o ēnei i roto i te rongoā?
Haunga te hanga noa i roto i ō tātou tinana, e whakamahia ana ēnei paturopi polyclonal mō ngā mahi nui maha i roto i te rongoā.
- Tātaritanga: Ko ētahi whakamātautau taiwhanga, pērā i te ELISA me te immunohistochemistry, e whakamahia ana hei kite i te aroaro o tētahi mate pukupuku, mate pukupuku rānei.
- Mō ngā rangahau pūtaiao: Ka whakamahia ēnei e ngā kairangahau hei mārama ki te mahi a ō tātou tinana me te whanaketanga o ngā mate.
- Hei rongoā me te ārai i ngā mate: Ka whakamahia ngā paturopi polyclonal hei rongoā i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te nui rawa o te rongoā, te ngau a te nakahi, me ētahi mate toto.
| Tikanga maimoatanga | He whakamārama māmā |
|---|---|
| Ārai i te paitini nakahi (Antifinom) | Kei roto i ēnei ngā paturopi i hangaia hei ārai i te paitini e uru ana ki te tinana ina ngau te nakahi. |
| Plasma Whakaora | Kei roto i te toto o te tangata kua ora mai i tētahi mate hopuhopu ngā paturopi polyclonal kua hangaia hei ārai i taua mate. Ka hoatu tēnei toto ki tētahi tangata mate hei rongoā. |
| Digoxin ārai mate | He werohanga ka hoatu mēnā ka nui rawa te horomia o te rongoā mō te ngākau, arā, ko te Digoxin. |
| Ko te globulin ārai mate Rho(D) | Ka hoatu tēnei kano ārai mate ki tētahi whaea hāpu he toto Rh-kino tōna hei ārai i ngā raruraru (rhesus isoimmunization) ka puta pea mēnā ka Rh-pai te momo toto o te pēpi. Ka hoatu hoki hei rongoā mō tētahi mate toto e kiia nei ko te ITP (immune thrombocytopenia). |
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā paturopi polyclonal me ngā paturopi monoclonal?
Kua rongo pea koe i ngā 'antibodies monoclonal'. Ahakoa e whakaeke ana ēnei e rua i ngā antigens, he iti noa te rerekētanga engari he mea nui.
| Āhuatanga | Ngā paturopi polyclonal (Polyclonal) | Ngā paturopi monoclonal (Monoclonal) |
|---|---|---|
| Te āhua o tōna hanganga | He mea hanga mai i tētahi kohinga o ngā momo pūtau-B rerekē. | Ka hangaia ēnei i roto i te taiwhanga mai i ngā tārua (ngā tāruarua) o tētahi pūtau-B kotahi. |
| Whāinga | Ka whakaekea e rātou ngā epitopes (ngā ira) rerekē i runga i te antigen kotahi. | Ka whakaekea e ia tētahi epitope motuhake ki runga i tētahi antigen kotahi. |
| Te whakaputanga | Ka riro mai i te toto o ngā kararehe, o te tangata rānei, i te taiao. | Ka tangohia mai i te toto o ngā kararehe, ā, ka hangaia kia maha ngā tārua i roto i te taiwhanga. |
| Taiao | He ranunga o ngā momo paturopi rerekē. Tērā pea ka rerekē te kounga mai i te puranga ki te puranga. | Nā te mea he momo paturopi kotahi katoa ēnei, he tino pumau, ā, kāore ō rātou āhuatanga e rerekē. |
He aha ngā painga o tēnei?
- Te utu iti o te hanga: He māmā ake te hanga i ēnei i ngā paturopi monoclonal, e hangaia ana i roto i te taiwhanga me te uaua.
- He kaha ki te kite: Ahakoa he iti noa te nui o te antigen i roto i te tauira, ka taea e ēnei te kite ngāwari nā te mea ka taea e ia te here ki ngā wāhi rerekē.
- Teitei o te motuhaketanga: Nā te mea ka herea te pūmua kotahi ki ngā wāhi maha, ka ōrite ake te urupare.
Kāore ianei he ngoikoretanga?
Heoi anō, kei reira anō hoki ngā ngoikoretanga.
- Ngā Rerekētanga Kounga: Nā te mea he mea tupu noa ēnei, tera pea he rerekētanga kounga i waenga i tētahi puranga paturopi me tētahi atu. Nō reira, ka rerekē pea te whai huatanga.
- Te tūponotanga o ngā hua hē-pai: I ētahi wā, ka tūpono pea te tauhohenga whakawhiti me tētahi atu pūmua rite ki te pūmua ūnga. Nō reira, ka puta pea ngā hua hē-pai i roto i ngā whakamātautau.
- Ngā tauhohenga mate pāwera: Ina whakamahia ngā paturopi polyclonal i ahu mai i ngā kararehe hei rongoā i te tangata, tera pea ka pāngia te tangata e ngā tauhohenga mate pāwera, e ētahi atu pānga taha rānei.
Nō reira, e kite ana koe, he wāhanga tino nui ēnei paturopi polyclonal o te pūnaha ārai mate o tō tātou tinana, tae atu ki te rongoā. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ēnei i roto i ngā rangahau me ngā whakamātautau tātaritanga. Mena he pātai āu mō tēnei, inā koa mēnā ka hoatu ēnei ki a koe mō tētahi maimoatanga motuhake, he pai ake te pātai atu ki tō tākuta , ki tō nēhi rānei mō ētahi whakamārama.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- Ko ngā paturopi polyclonal he rōpū parepare taiao e hangaia ana e ngā momo pūtau rerekē i roto i te pūnaha ārai mate o tō tātou tinana.
- Ka mahi ēnei mā te whakaeke i ngā wāhi rerekē (epitopes) i runga i te hoariri kotahi (antigen) me te āwhina ki te whakangaro i taua hoariri. Mā tēnei ka tino kaha te urupare.
- I roto i te rongoā, e whakamahia ana ēnei mō te tautuhi mate me te rangahau, tae atu ki ngā maimoatanga pērā i te paitini nakahi me ngā kano kano mō ngā whaea hāpu Rh-kino.
- He rerekē ēnei i ngā paturopi monoclonal, e hangaia ana i roto i te taiwhanga mai i te pūtau kotahi, ā, ka whakaeke i te ūnga kotahi anake.
- Mena he āwangawanga āu mō tētahi maimoatanga e hoatu ana ki a koe, kōrerotia māramatia ki tō tākuta.
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