He kiri mā, he ngenge tonu rānei tāu tamaiti? Tērā pea he mate Thalassemia?

Kei te ahua ngenge tonu tāu tamaiti? Kāore ia e oma haere ana, e takaro ana pērā i ētahi atu tamariki? He tino āwangawanga ia ki te kai? Kua pāngia ia e te mā? He mea noa ki te whaea, ki te pāpā rānei te mataku nui ina kite i ēnei mea. Ahakoa he maha ngā wā ka puta mai ēnei tohu i ngā āhuatanga noa, i ētahi wā ka puta he āhuatanga hauora kei muri i tēnei, pērā i te Thalassemia. Nō reira, i tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō te Thalassemia, me pēhea te pānga ki tō tātou tinana, me ngā maimoatanga mōna.

He aha rawa te Thalassemia?

He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, he mate tuku iho te thalassemia e pā ana ki ō tātou toto . Ehara i te mate hopuhopu. Arā, kāore e horapa mai i tētahi tangata ki tētahi atu pērā i te makariri. He mea e riro mai ana i ō tātou mātua mā roto i ō tātou ira.

Hei mārama ake i tēnei, me kōrero tātou mō ngā toto whero i roto i ō tātou toto. Whakaarohia ēnei toto whero hei ratonga tuku e kawe ana i te hāora puta noa i ō tātou tinana. Ko te waka o tēnei ratonga tuku, arā, te kāreti kawe hāora, e kiia ana ko te hemoglobin . Ko te hemoglobin he pūmua motuhake kei roto i ngā toto whero. Koinei te mea e kawe ana i te hāora mai i ō tātou pukahukahu, ā, e tohatoha ana ki ia pūtau o te tinana.

Kāore e taea e te tangata whai thalassemia te hanga i tēnei pūmua e kiia nei ko te hemoglobin. Pērā i te wā e hangaia ana he motuka, ki te ngaro ētahi o ngā wāhanga e tika ana, ki te whakamahia rānei ngā wāhanga ngoikore, e kore te motuka e mahi tika. Ka heke te maha o ngā toto toto whero hauora i roto i te tinana. Ka kiia tēnei āhuatanga ko te anemia toto toto iti.

Nō reira, ina kore ngā pūtau o te tinana e whiwhi i te nui o te hāora e tika ana, kāore e taea e rātou te whakaputa i te pūngao e hiahiatia ana e rātou. Koia te take ka pāngia ai ngā tūroro thalassemia e ngā tohu rerekē.

Ko wai te hunga tino mōrearea ki te pangia e tēnei mate?

Ko ngā whakarerekētanga ira e puta ai tēnei e whakaarohia ana i ahu mai i te tangata hei momo ārai i te malaria. Nō reira, ko te hunga he hononga ira ki ngā rohe e kitea whānuitia ana te malaria, pērā i a Āwherika, te tonga o Ūropi, me ngā whenua o Āhia ki te Hauāuru, ki te Tonga, me te Rawhiti, he nui ake te tūponotanga ki te pāngia e te thalassemia. Nā te mea he whenua Āhia ki te Tonga anō hoki a Sri Lanka, kei roto i tō tātou taupori ngā kaikawe me ngā tūroro thalassemia.

He aha ngā take o te thalassemia? Kia tirohia tata atu tātou.

Ko taua "kāreti hāora" e kiia nei ko te hemoglobin i kōrerotia e au i mua ake nei, he mea hanga mai i ngā mekameka pūmua e whā. E rua o ēnei e kiia ana ko ngā mekameka alpha globin , ā, ko ētahi atu e rua e kiia ana ko ngā mekameka beta globin .

Ka whiwhi tātou i ngā "tohutohu" me ngā "waehere" rānei hei hanga i ēnei mekameka mai i ngā ira i riro mai i ō tātou mātua. Whakaarohia ēnei ira hei tunu kai mā te tangata. Mēnā he hapa, he hapa rānei kei roto i te tunu kai, kāore e taea te whakarite tika i te rihi. Waihoki, mēnā he hapa, he koretake rānei kei roto i ēnei ira, kāore e tika te hanganga o ngā mekameka alpha, beta rānei. Koinei te wā ka puta ai te mate e kiia nei ko te thalassemia.

• Ngā mekameka poropini ārepa: E whā ngā ira e hiahiatia ana hei hanga. E rua mai i te whaea, e rua mai i te matua tāne.
• Ngā mekameka porotini beta: E rua ngā ira e hiahiatia ana hei hanga. Kotahi mai i te whaea, tētahi mai i te matua tāne.

Ko te momo thalassemia ka pā ki a koe, ka whakawhirinaki ki tehea o ēnei mekameka alpha, beta rānei he hapa ira tōna. Ko te kaha o te mate ka whakatauhia e te maha o ngā ira hapa.

He aha ngā momo matua o te thalassemia?

E wehea ana te thalassemia ki ētahi taumata matua i runga i te kaha o te mate. Arā, ko te thalassemia trait, ko te thalassemia minor, ko te thalassemia intermedia, me te thalassemia major . Mēnā he kawe mate koe, tērā pea kāore he tohu o tō mate. Tērā pea he anemia tino māmā noa iho tō mate. Ko te thalassemia major te mate tino kino e hiahia ana kia rongoatia.

E rua ngā momo matua, i runga i te mea kei roto i ngā mekameka alpha, kei roto rānei i ngā mekameka beta te hapa ira.

1. Te mate pūkahukahu ā-ira

Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga ina he hapa kei roto i tētahi, i ētahi rānei o ngā ira e 4 e hanga ana i ngā mekameka alpha globin. Ko te kaha o ngā tohu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te maha o ngā ira hapa. Me titiro tātou ki tēnei i roto i tētahi huarahi māmā hei mārama ake.

2. Beta Thalassemia

Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga ina he hapa kei roto i tētahi, i ngā ira e rua rānei e hanga ana i ngā mekameka beta globin (tetahi mai i te whaea, tetahi mai i te matua tāne).

• Kotahi te ira hapa: Ka kiia tēnei āhuatanga he beta thalassemia iti , he āhua kawe rānei. He tino ngawari ngā tohu.
• E rua ngā ira hapa: Ka rerekē ngā tohu mai i te ngawari ki te kino.
• Ko te mate waenga e kiia ana ko te Thalassemia intermedia .
• Ko te momo tino kino ko te beta thalassemia major , ko te Cooley's anemia rānei. Me whiwhi maimoatanga hauora tonu ēnei tāngata.

He aha ngā tohu o te thalassemia?

Ko ngā tohu e pā ana ki a koe ka whakawhirinaki katoa ki te momo thalassemia kei a koe me tōna kaha.

Kāore he tohu, he tohu ngawari rawa rānei

Mena kei te ngaro tetahi o ngā ira alpha e whā, kāore pea he tohu e pā mai ana ki a koe. Mena e rua ngā ira alpha, kotahi rānei te ira beta he hapa, kāore pea he tohu e pā mai ana ki a koe. Kāore rānei, he tohu anemia ngawari noa iho pea kei a koe, pērā i te ngenge tonu.

Ngā tohu waenga (Thalassemia Intermedia)

Tāpiri atu ki te mate toto iti, tera pea ka pāngia ēnei tāngata e ētahi atu tohu.

• Te kore e tupu pai: Kāore te teitei me te taumaha o te tamaiti e piki ake i runga i tōna pakeke.
• Te pakeketanga kua roa.
• Ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te wheua:Ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te osteoporosis.
• Te whēkau nui: Ko te whēkau he okana kei te taha maui o te puku e āwhina ana ki te whawhai i ngā mate.

Ngā tohu kino (Thalassemia Major)

Ka puta ngā tohu kino i roto i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā hapa ira alpha e toru (te mate Hemoglobin H) me te beta thalassemia nui (te anemia a Cooley). Ka tīmata ēnei tohu ki te puta i mua i te rua tau o te tamaiti .

Hei tāpiri atu ki ngā tohu o runga ake nei, ka kitea pea e koe ēnei e whai ake nei:

• Kāore he reka o te kai.
• He kiri mā, he kiri kōwhai rānei (he kiri mākūkū).
• He mimi pouri (he tae tī).
• Ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā wheua kanohi (nā te tupu nui rawa o ngā wheua angaanga).

Me pēhea te tautuhi i tēnei mate?

He maha ngā wā ka kitea te thalassemia ngawari me te thalassemia kino i te wā tamarikitanga, i te mea ka tīmata te puta o ngā tohu i roto i ngā tau tuatahi e rua o te oranga o te tamaiti. Tērā pea ka tonoa e tō tākuta ētahi whakamātautau toto hei whakaū i te mate.

• Tatau Toto Katoa (CBC): Ka ine tēnei i te nui o te hemoglobin i roto i te toto, te maha o ngā toto whero, me tō rātou rahi. He iti ake ngā toto whero hauora o te hunga whai thalassemia, he iti ake hoki te hemoglobin. Tērā pea he iti iho ngā toto whero i te mea noa.
• Te tatau o ngā retikulosit: Ka ine tēnei i te maha o ngā toto whero hou kua hangaia. Mā tēnei ka taea e koe te whakaaro mēnā kei te nui ngā toto whero e hangaia ana e tō hinu wheua.
• Ngā rangahau rino: Mā tēnei whakamātautau ka taea e koe te tautuhi tika mēnā ko te korenga o te rino, ko te thalassemia rānei te take o tō anemia.
• Te hiko o te hemoglobin: He whakamātautau tino nui tēnei hei tautuhi i te beta thalassemia.
• Whakamātautau ira: Ka whakamahia tēnei whakamātautau hei tātaritanga i te alpha thalassemia.

He aha ngā maimoatanga mō te thalassemia?

Ko ngā maimoatanga paerewa mō ngā mate kino pēnei i te thalassemia nui ko te whakawhiti toto me te rongoā tango rino.

• Te Whakawhiti Toto: Ki te kī māmā, he whakawhiti toto ā-waho tēnei. Ka tukuna te toto kei roto ngā toto whero hauora ki roto i te tinana mā roto i tētahi uaua. Mā tēnei ka whakahokia mai ngā toto whero hauora me ngā taumata hemoglobin. I roto i ngā āhuatanga thalassemia kino (hei tauira, beta thalassemia major), me whakawhiti toto i ia wā, pērā i ia 2-4 wiki .
• Te Whakaora Chelation Rino:Ko tētahi o ngā pānga kino nui o te tuku toto pinepine ko te pikinga koretake o ngā taumata rino i roto i te tinana. Ka kiia tēnei he nui rawa te rino . Ka taea e tēnei rino tāpiri te hanga i roto i ngā whekau nui pēnei i te ngākau me te ate, ka kino ai. Nō reira, ko te hunga e whiwhi toto pinepine ana ka hoatu he rongoā (pire, werohanga rānei) hei tango i tēnei rino tāpiri mai i te tinana.
• Ngā Tāpiringa Waikawa Folic: Ka hoatu te waikawa folic hei āwhina i te tinana ki te hanga pūtau toto hauora.
• Te Whakatō Wiwi me te Pūtau Taketake: Koinei anake te maimoatanga ka taea te whakaora katoa i te thalassemia. Heoi, mō tēnei, me whai kaituku hauora tino hototahi te tūroro. I te nuinga o te wā, he tuakana, he teina rānei. He maimoatanga tino mōrearea, he uaua hoki tēnei.
• Luspatercept: He kano ārai mate tēnei e hoatu ana i ia toru wiki. Mā te āwhina i te tinana ki te whakaputa i ngā pūtau toto whero.

He aha te āhua o te oranga me tēnei mate? Ka taea te ārai?

Mena he thalassemia minor tōu, ka taea e koe te tumanako kia roa te oranga. Ahakoa he āhua noa, he kino rānei tō āhua, ki te whai koe i te mahere maimoatanga kua whakaritea (te whakawhiti toto me te rongoā tango rino), he nui te tūponotanga ka roa te ora.

He mate ira tēnei, nō reira kāore e taea e tātou te ārai. Heoi, mā te whakamātautau ira koe e āwhina ki te kimi mēnā kei a koe, kei tō hoa rānei te ira thalassemia. He mea tino nui te mōhio ki ēnei mōhiohio mō ngā tāne me ngā wāhine e whakamahere ana ki te whānau tamariki. Kōrero ki tō tākuta mō ētahi atu tohutohu mō tēnei.

Hei whakamutunga, he mate ngāwari te whakahaere i te thalassemia. Ko te momo maimoatanga e hiahiatia ana e koe me te auau o te whakamahinga ka whakawhirinaki ki te kaha o tō mate. He mea nui kia kōrero tuwhera koe ki tō tākuta mō tō mate me tō mahere tiaki mō te wā roa.