ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯤꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ? ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!

ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯃꯈꯤꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯒꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ – ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ (tibia ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ shin bone) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ (fibula ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ calf bone) – ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯜ ꯕꯣꯟ (ꯀꯦꯂꯀꯦꯅꯤꯌꯁ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ "ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ" ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ!

ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ-ꯁꯦꯞ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ `ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ` ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ `ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ` ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ, ꯈꯔꯥ ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ `ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ` ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ `ꯁꯣꯛ ꯑꯦꯕꯁꯣꯔꯕꯥꯔ` ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ, ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ, ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ, ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ:

• ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯍꯦꯗ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯚꯤꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ (Talus body): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯍꯤꯂꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯂꯦꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ (ankle joint) ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯅꯦꯛ (Talus neck): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ (talus fracture) ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ? ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ:

• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ: ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ (talus bone) ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ (ankle joint) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯂꯃꯂꯣꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ?
• ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ (arch) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ?

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯀꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯁꯔꯨꯗꯁꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯁꯤ꯫

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ `ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ `ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ` ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

• ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄꯣꯠ ꯈꯔꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

• ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ: ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ (swelling): ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯅꯦꯁ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯁꯪꯂꯕꯥ: ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯇꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯝꯐꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯃꯥ: ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯤ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫

ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ꯫

ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯄꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫

ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ 50ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ (foot and ankle arthritis) : ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯇꯥꯔꯁꯦꯜ ꯇꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ (Tarsal tunnel syndrome): ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯔꯚ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯚꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯅꯦꯛꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯅꯦꯛꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ (Avascular necrosis or osteonecrosis) : ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯅꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ DEXA scan ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ DXA scan ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣ-ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ: ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.
• ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫

• ꯏꯃꯣꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ: ꯱.ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ (cast) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ``ꯁꯦꯠ`` ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯍꯟꯊꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ꯫

ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯞꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫

• ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ: ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ D ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ: ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯞꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯅꯕꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯄꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 50ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ-ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ:

• ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯇꯕꯦꯜꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
• ꯁꯥꯟꯅ-ꯈꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯨ-ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫
• ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯆꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫
• ꯕꯣꯟ-ꯍꯦꯂꯊ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ)

ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠ, ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯒꯅꯨ꯫ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯅꯤ꯫

` ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ, ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯦꯜ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ, ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ, ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ꯫