ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? (ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯐꯦꯅꯤꯔꯥꯃꯤꯟ; ꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯣꯏꯐꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯌꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯔꯃꯥꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯐꯦꯅꯤꯔꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯣꯏꯐꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯕꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ, ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯖꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯕꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

1. ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯐꯦꯅꯤꯔꯥꯃꯤꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤ ``ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ'' ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯖꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ, ꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

2. ꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯣꯏꯐꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤ ``ꯗꯤꯀꯣꯟꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ'' ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ, ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯀꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

• ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯗꯥꯏꯕꯤꯇꯤꯖ
• ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯣꯃꯥ (ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯣꯃꯥ)꯫
• ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯑꯂꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯊꯥꯌꯔꯣꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ, ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯥꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯄꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
• ꯆꯍꯤ 60ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ: ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯗꯣꯖ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯝꯕꯣ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯏꯖꯅꯁ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ETU)ꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯁ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯗꯣꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯌꯧꯔꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯧ꯫ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ (Interactions)

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯨ꯫

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯁ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯊꯧꯒꯅꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯃꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨ ꯊꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫