ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯃꯤꯅꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯚꯦꯁꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯀꯣꯑꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.

ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯥ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯌꯁꯤꯅꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ .

ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯔꯤꯒꯦꯁꯟ (ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯂꯦꯠ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯅꯤ꯫

1. ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ 1 (ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯠꯁ): ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯪꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

2. ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ 2 (ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ): ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ (Bleeding): ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ "ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ" ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ, ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

DIC ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯐꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ (CBC): ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯂꯦꯠ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯅꯦꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ꯫
• ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯝꯕꯟ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ (PT) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯝꯕꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ (PTT): ꯏ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫
• ꯐꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ (fibrinogen test) : ꯏ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯗꯤ-ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯔ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ (D-dimer test) : ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

DIC ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯗꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ (e.g., sepsis) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯣꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.

• ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯖꯃꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ (clotting factors) ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ : ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀꯣꯑꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.ꯀꯦꯁ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯊꯤꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ (ETU)ꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ .

• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ .
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ (ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯦꯏꯟ, ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ) ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯃꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ) ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ꯫

ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ , ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯖꯃꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯤꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯔꯃꯥꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯀꯤꯂꯥꯔ, ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯞꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀꯣꯒꯨꯂꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯩꯊꯣꯏ-ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯐꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫