ꯑꯣꯐ-ꯄꯝꯄ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!

ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ "ꯑꯣꯐ-ꯄꯝꯄ" ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ "ꯕꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯑꯣꯀꯦ, ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ (CABG) ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ (ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ) ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ (ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯒꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯔꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ (On-pump CABG) , ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯣꯐ-ꯄꯝꯄ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯕꯤ.ꯖꯤ.ꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ-ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯧꯏ . ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ "ꯕꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ" ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ (CAD) ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯗꯤ.ꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ (plaque) ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ, ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯀꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯑꯣꯐ-ꯄꯝꯄ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀꯣꯑꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯋꯥꯏꯔꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ (ꯏꯀꯣ)
• ꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ (ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ)
• ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯛꯂꯤꯌꯔ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯦꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

1. ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

2. ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯠ ꯍꯥꯔꯚꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ: ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯃꯈꯨꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫

3. ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ (incision): ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯛꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯆꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

4. ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯄꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ``ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖꯔ`` ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

5. ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ: ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

6. ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ: ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯔꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯨꯃꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ (ꯑꯣꯟ-ꯄꯝꯄ) ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ (ꯑꯣꯐ-ꯄꯝꯄ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯡ ꯇꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ:

• ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ)
• ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ (irrhythmia) .
• ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫

ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ, ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ:

• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ꯫
• ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯪꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯦꯛ ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯀꯣꯚꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯀꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ETU)ꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫