ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ (patella)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯉꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯊꯗꯦ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯉꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯅꯤꯀꯦꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯂꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ (ꯄꯥꯇꯦꯂꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ (kneecap) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ "ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯌꯕꯥ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯁꯥꯃꯣꯏꯗ ꯕꯣꯟꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯁꯦꯁꯥꯃꯣꯏꯗ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ:

1. ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ: ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯦꯄꯁ , ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯂꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

2. ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯂꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯑꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯦꯄꯁ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯦꯄꯁ ꯃꯁꯂꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ . ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯄꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥ , ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯂꯥꯔ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯂꯥꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯆꯤ 1.75 ꯋꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯆꯤ 1.5 ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯂꯣꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯕꯂꯛꯁꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯂꯣꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯂꯥꯔ ꯁꯕꯂꯛꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ "ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯥ, ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯦ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯡꯀꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫

ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ 50ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯂꯥ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯅꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ, ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯃꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯝꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯅꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯔꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯇꯤꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯔꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯁꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.)
• ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫

• ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ:ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ: ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ-ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥꯕꯥ, ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ: ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤ꯫
• ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯟ ꯀꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ (Fracture)ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯃꯣꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ (ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ꯫

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

• ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯞꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ D)꯫
• ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

• ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯕꯦꯜꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯁꯥꯟꯅ-ꯈꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯊꯕꯛ-ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯏꯛꯌꯨꯏꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯒꯥꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫
• ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯕꯂꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯕꯦꯇꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤ꯫