ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯄꯁ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ‘ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯄꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ’ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯁꯤ!

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ (ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ? "ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯟ/ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫" ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ``ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯄꯁ'' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ``ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯄꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ'' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

‘ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯗꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯟ, ꯏꯎꯇꯦꯔꯥꯁ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ) ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

`ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ` ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ:

• ꯕꯦꯅꯤꯐꯤꯁꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫
• ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (cancerous): ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯄꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯱꯰꯰% ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯅꯤ (``(ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ)`' ꯑꯃꯥ)꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯄꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ? ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ! ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ `ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯄꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ` ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ `(ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯖꯔ)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ꯫

ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ (ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ (ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ) ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯅꯉꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯔꯣꯏ꯫

ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯒꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯇꯨꯝꯂꯃꯒꯅꯤ (`(ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ)`)꯫ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯥ (`(Sedation)`) ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯥ꯫

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ``ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯄꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ``ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ``ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ`` ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ (``(ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯞ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯥ)``) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ...

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

1. ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ: ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ IV (ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯚꯦꯅꯁ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯞ)ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯗꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯒꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏ꯫

2. ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯥ: 1.1.ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ) ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ (endoscope) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

3. ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯣꯔꯁꯦꯄꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

4. ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ: ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ (ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯣꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ) ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ? ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫

ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (benign) ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ (`(ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ)`) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯝ.
• `ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯣꯇꯦꯔꯤ` ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ `ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯄꯣꯂꯤꯄꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯀꯣꯑꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ (PPCS) ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯩ ꯆꯥꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ `ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯞ`ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯄꯤꯖꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ , ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯆꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫