ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯔ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯁꯤ!

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯪꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯉꯎꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯚꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ? ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ: ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯪꯁ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯔꯠꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ, ꯁꯦꯐ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ , ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯪꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ , ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯪꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ``ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯛ`` ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯦꯇꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ``ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯦꯇꯟ``ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ, ꯂꯥꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯦꯇꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫

• ꯔꯤꯕ 24 (ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯗꯥ 12): ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯣꯉꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯕꯂꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯣꯟ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫
• 12 ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ (T1 – T12): ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯝ (sternum): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ‘ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯕꯣꯟ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯔꯤꯕ 24, ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ 12 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯁꯔꯨ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯦ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

• ꯲꯰ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ (ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ)ꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯟ 10ꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯅꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫
• 20 ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯀꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ (Costochondral Joints): ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• 10 ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯜ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ (Interchondral Joints) : ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯇꯤꯄꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯗꯥ 6ꯗꯒꯤ 10 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ) ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• 24 ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯚꯔꯇꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯔꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ‘ꯃꯀꯣꯛ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫
• 24 ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯠꯔꯥꯟꯁꯕꯔꯁ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ (Costotransverse Joints): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯕꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯠꯔꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ (ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯕꯔꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯃꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯁꯤ꯫

• ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯁ / ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯕꯁ (Trebrosternal Ribs) : ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯟ ꯷ (1-7)ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯅꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝꯅꯥ ‘ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ’ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫
• False Ribs / Vertebrochondral Ribs: ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯁꯨꯕꯥ, ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯔꯥꯁꯨꯕꯥ (8-10) ꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ‘ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ’ ꯔꯤꯕꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯅꯃꯒꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯜ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯕꯁ / ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯕꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯔꯤꯕꯁ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯁ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ 11ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 12ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ‘ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯤꯡ’ ꯔꯤꯕꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯀꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ: ꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ (wedge) ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯁꯨꯕꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ‘ꯇꯤꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ’ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯇꯤꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯕꯁ: ꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯔꯥꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ‘ꯑꯦꯇꯤꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ꯫
• ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯕ: ꯱.ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯕꯟ ꯀꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ (cervical spine)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯕꯟ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯜꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

• ꯔꯤꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ (rib fractures): ꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯟꯇꯨꯁꯟ (Rib Contusions): ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ (Slipping Rib Syndrome) : ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯕꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ (Osteoporosis) : ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯀꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ (Costochondritis): ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯅꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯡ-ꯍꯋꯥꯏ (chest pain) ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯇꯤꯑꯦꯠꯖꯦ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ (Tietze Syndrome): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯀꯣꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯀꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ (swelling)ꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯤꯂꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯗꯤꯂꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ (Ankylosing Spondylitis): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯔꯤꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯣꯏꯗ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ (Rheumatoid Arthritis): ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯄꯦꯛꯇꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯀꯥꯚꯦꯇꯝ (pectus Excavatum): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
• ꯄꯦꯛꯇꯁ ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯅꯦꯇꯝ (pectus Carinatum): ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯁꯤꯡ (rebs) ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ‘ꯄꯥꯈꯪ ꯆꯦꯡ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯔꯤꯕꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯏꯜ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯋꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ .

ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯃꯁꯜ-ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯦꯏꯟ:ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯦꯛ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯦꯏꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯖꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ) ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯆꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ .
• ꯚꯤꯖꯤꯕꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯇꯤ: ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ . ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ:

• ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯟ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ (ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯦꯗ ꯇꯣꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.
• DXA ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ .

ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯟ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .

ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ, [...]ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯑꯣꯀꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯝ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯪꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯕꯨ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯕꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ-ꯈꯨꯠ ꯁꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ . ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

` ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯖ, ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯕꯣꯟ, ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ, ꯂꯪꯁ, ꯁꯔꯨ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫