ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ (talus) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯪꯁ ꯑꯅꯤ (ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯕꯨꯂꯥ) ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯃꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯜ ꯕꯣꯟ (calcaneus)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯃꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯕꯇꯥꯂꯥꯔ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ:

• ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁꯀꯤ "ꯅꯦꯛ" ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁꯀꯤ "ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ" - ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ, ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ "ꯃꯀꯣꯛ" - ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯂꯦꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ (lateral process fractures): ꯂꯦꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ "ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣꯕꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣꯕꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ (Avulsion fractures): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯟ (ꯃꯁꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯆꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ (Stress fractures): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ (talus bone)ꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

• ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯞꯂꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ, ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ꯫
• ꯗꯤꯁꯞꯂꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ (displaced fractures): ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ .
• ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯒꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯖꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯁꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯁꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

• ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯉꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫
• ꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯏꯁ (bruising) ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ , ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ . ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯒꯅꯨ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ?

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ .

• ꯒꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ, ꯃꯣꯇꯣꯔꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ꯫
• ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯎꯄꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
• ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅ-ꯈꯣꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ (ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ) . ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯣꯕꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ꯫ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ:

• ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯔꯚꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ .
• ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯂꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ .
• ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯕꯤꯜꯗ-ꯑꯞ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ (ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯦꯗ ꯇꯣꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ - ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ): ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫

ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟꯇ (ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯌꯈꯠꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ (casting): ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯶-꯸ꯅꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ . ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ: ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯑꯣꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯆꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯔꯤꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯦꯁꯟ (ORIF): ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ORIF ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯂꯤ, ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ/ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
• ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯇꯔ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯪꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯐ.

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

• ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ: ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ (arthritis) ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯥꯂꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ . ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ, ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯅꯟ-ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯈꯤꯗꯦ . ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯚꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯅꯦꯛꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯅꯦꯛꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ: ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁꯇꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯀꯊꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯕꯣꯟ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯂꯔꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯚꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯅꯦꯛꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ? ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ . ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯤꯑꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯟ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯤꯡ (NSAIDꯁꯤꯡ), ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯣꯁꯟ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯂꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯇꯔꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯣꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 8ꯗꯒꯤ 12 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .

ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ . ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯀꯦ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯌꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯂꯣꯏ . ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯗꯨꯀꯥꯟ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ), ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .

ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ .

ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯒꯣ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ (ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ) ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 12 ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯥꯂꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯅꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ)

ꯑꯣꯀꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ:

• ꯇꯥꯂꯨꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ , ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ, ꯃꯦꯂꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯚꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯅꯦꯛꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ!

` ꯇꯥꯂꯁ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ, ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ, ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ, ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ꯫