Tiyeni tiphunzire zonse zokhudza Pituitary Gland: "bwana" wamng'ono wa thupi lanu!

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti kachidutswa kakang'ono m'thupi lanu, monga injini ya galimoto, kamalamulira thupi lanu lonse? Kodi sizodabwitsa? Kachidutswa kakang'ono aka, kakang'ono ngati nandolo, komwe kali pansi pa ubongo wathu, komwe kamachita zinthu zambiri zodabwitsa, kamatchedwa pituitary gland . Tiyeni tikambirane za 'bwana' wamng'ono uyu mwatsatanetsatane lero, sichoncho?

Kodi pituitary gland ndi chiyani? Ili kuti?

Mwachidule, pituitary gland yanu ndi kachiwalo kakang'ono kofanana ndi nandolo, komwe kali pansi pa ubongo wanu, pansi pa gawo lina lofunika kwambiri lotchedwa hypothalamus . Kali m'chipinda chaching'ono, chotetezedwa pansi pa ubongo wanu. Timatcha chipinda ichi kuti Sella Turcica . Ichi ndi gawo la dongosolo lanu la endocrine . Kamapanga mitundu ingapo ya mahomoni omwe ndi ofunikira m'thupi lathu, ndipo kamauza ma endocrine gland ena kuti atulutse mahomoni awa. Ndi kakang'ono, koma kamagwira ntchito yaikulu, eti?

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti gland ndi chiyani ndipo mahomoni ndi chiyani.

Gland ndi chiwalo chomwe chimapanga chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo, monga mahomoni, madzi osakaniza m'mimba, thukuta, ndi misozi. Ma endocrine glands amatulutsa mahomoni mwachindunji m'magazi.

Mahomoni ali ngati amithenga a mankhwala omwe amagwirizanitsa ntchito ya matupi athu. Amayenda m'magazi ndipo amatumiza mauthenga ku ziwalo, khungu, minofu, ndi minofu ina. Mauthenga awa amauza thupi zomwe liyenera kuchita komanso nthawi yoti lichite.

Pituitary gland yanu imagawidwa m'magawo awiri akuluakulu: anterior pituitary ( front lobe) ndi posterior pituitary ( back lobe). Gland iyi imalumikizidwa ku hypothalamus ndi phesi laling'ono la mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha yotchedwa phesi la pituitary kapena infundibulum .

Kodi mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri omwe amapangidwa ndi pituitary gland ndi ati?

Tiyeni tsopano tiwone mahomoni ofunikira omwe amachokera ku gland kakang'ono aka.

Mahomoni ochokera ku Anterior Lobe

Gawoli limapanga ndi kutulutsa mahomoni ambiri ofunikira m'magazi.

• Homoni ya adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) kapena corticotrophin: Izi zimakhudza momwe matupi athu amayankhira kupsinjika . Zimathandizira ma adrenal glands anu kupanga "hormone ya kupsinjika" cortisol . Cortisol ili ndi ntchito zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, imayang'anira kagayidwe kachakudya , imasunga kuthamanga kwa magazi , imawongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi , komanso imachepetsa kutupa .
• Homoni yolimbikitsa follicle (FSH):Ngati ndinu mwamuna, FSH imalimbikitsa kupanga umuna. Ngati ndinu mkazi, FSH imalimbikitsa mazira kupanga estrogen , yomwe imathandizanso mazira kukhwima. Imatchedwanso gonadotrophic hormone .
• Homoni ya Kukula (GH): Izi zimathandiza ana kukula, kutanthauza kuti amakula. Kwa akuluakulu, zimathandiza kusunga minofu ndi mafupa abwino komanso kulamulira kusunga mafuta. GH imakhudzanso kagayidwe kanu ka chakudya (momwe mumasinthira chakudya chomwe mumadya kukhala mphamvu).
• Homoni ya Luteinizing (LH): Imalimbikitsa ovulation ngati muli ndi mazira, ndipo imalimbikitsa kupanga testosterone ngati muli ndi mazira. LH ndi homoni ya gonadotrophic chifukwa imayang'anira ntchito ya mazira ndi mazira (omwe amatchedwanso gonads ).
• Prolactin: Izi zimapangitsa kuti mkaka wa m'mawere uyambe kuyamwa. Zingakhudzenso kubereka ndi ntchito yogonana mwa akuluakulu.
• Homoni yolimbikitsa chithokomiro (TSH): TSH imalimbikitsa chithokomiro chanu kuti chipange mahomoni a chithokomiro, omwe amathandiza kuwongolera kagayidwe kanu ka chakudya, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, ndi dongosolo lamanjenje .

Mahomoni ochokera ku Posterior Lobe

Gawo ili silipanga mahomoni, koma mahomoni awiri opangidwa ndi hypothalamus amasungidwa pano ndikutulutsidwa m'magazi akafunika.

• Homoni yoletsa diuretic (ADH) kapena vasopressin: Homoni iyi imalinganiza kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi sodium m'thupi lanu.
• Oxytocin: Oxytocin imapangidwa ndi hypothalamus ndipo imasungidwa ndi kutulutsidwa ndi pituitary gland. Imathandiza kuti kubereka kukhale kosavuta potumiza zizindikiro ku chiberekero kuti zichepetse panthawi yobereka. Imathandizanso kuyambitsa kutsika kwa mkaka ndikulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa makolo ndi makanda. Oxytocin imathandizanso kuti umuna uzitha kuyenda bwino.

Kodi ntchito zazikulu za pituitary gland ndi ziti?

Mwina tsopano mwamvetsa kufunika kwa gland kakang'ono aka. Nazi zina mwa ntchito zake zazikulu:

• Kukula
• Kagayidwe kachakudya (ndiko kuti, momwe mumasinthira chakudya chomwe mumadya kukhala mphamvu ndikuyendetsa mphamvuyo)
• Kubereka
• Kuyankha kupsinjika maganizo kapena kuvulala mwakuthupi
• Kuyamwitsa
• Kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi sodium (mchere)
• Kubereka ndi kubereka mwana

Tangoganizirani za thermostat yomwe ili m'nyumba mwanu.Zili ngati chimodzi. Thermostat nthawi zonse imayang'anira kutentha m'nyumba mwanu ndipo imagwira ntchito kuti mukhale omasuka, sichoncho? Imatumiza zizindikiro ku chotenthetsera ndi choziziritsira kuti chiwonjezere kapena kuchepetsa kutentha ndi kuchuluka kumeneku, kuti kutentha m'nyumba mwanu kukhale pamlingo winawake.

Gland yanu ya pituitary ili ngati inu, imayang'anira zochita za thupi lanu. Gland ya pituitary imatumiza mauthenga ku ziwalo zanu ndi ma gland kudzera m'mahomoni ake, ponena kuti, 'Nazi zomwe muyenera kuchita, pakadali pano.' Zomwe zili zoyenera thupi lanu zimadalira zinthu zambiri, monga zaka zanu komanso jenda lanu.

Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa hypothalamus ndi pituitary gland?

Pituitary gland yanu ndi hypothalamus zimagwira ntchito limodzi kupanga Hypothalamus-Pituitary complex . Izi zili ngati malo olamulira ubongo wanu, zomwe zimayang'anira ntchito zofunika kwambiri za thupi lanu.

Hypothalamus ndi gawo la ubongo wanu lomwe limayang'anira ntchito zina zofunika za thupi. Limatumiza mauthenga ku dongosolo lanu la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha , lomwe limayang'anira zinthu monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi kupuma. Limauzanso pituitary gland kuti ipange ndikutulutsa mahomoni omwe amakhudza ziwalo zina za thupi.

Monga tanenera kale, pituitary gland imalumikizidwa ku hypothalamus ndi phesi la pituitary . Ndi kudzera mu phesi ili momwe hypothalamus imalumikizirana ndi anterior pituitary gland kudzera mu mahomoni komanso ndi posterior pituitary gland kudzera mu mitsempha. Oxytocin ndi antidiuretic hormone zimapangidwanso ndi hypothalamus. Hypothalamus ndiye amachititsa kusunga ndi kutulutsa mahomoni awa ku posterior pituitary gland.

Hypothalamus imalankhulana ndi kulimbitsa pituitary gland, ndikupanga mahomoni monga:

• Homoni yotulutsa Corticotrophin (CRH)
• Dopamine
• Homoni yotulutsa gonadotropin (GnRH)
• Homoni yotulutsa mahomoni okula (GHRH)
• Somatostatin
• Homoni yotulutsa thyrotropin (TRH)

Popeza ziwirizi (hypothalamus ndi pituitary) zimagwira ntchito limodzi kwambiri, ngati chimodzi chawonongeka, zingakhudzenso ntchito ya mahomoni ya chinacho.

Kodi n'zotheka kukhala popanda pituitary gland?

Inde, mutha kukhala opanda pituitary gland yanu, koma kuti muchite izi, muyenera kumwa mankhwala otchedwa replacement therapy kuti mulowe m'malo mwa mahomoni a pituitary omwe akusowa. Chifukwa mahomoni a pituitary ndi ofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mahomoni onse a pituitary achoka ndipo osachiritsidwa, akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo.

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza pituitary gland?

Pali matenda angapo omwe amakhudza kapena amayamba chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwa pituitary gland. Izi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi akuluakulu:

• Matenda a pituitary
• Hypopituitarism
• Hyperpituitarism
• Matenda a Empty Sella

Tiyeni tikambirane za chilichonse mwa izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Matenda a Pituitary Adenomas

Uwu ndi mtundu wa chotupa chosaopsa chomwe chimayamba mu pituitary gland. Ma pituitary adenomas amapanga pafupifupi 10% mpaka 15% ya zotupa zonse zomwe zimayamba mkati mwa ubongo.

Izi nthawi zambiri zimakula kwambiri. Komabe, ngati zikukula kwambiri, zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro pokanikiza zinthu zomwe zili pafupi. Nthawi zina zimatha kukanikiza mitsempha ya maso, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto a masomphenya (monga kutayika kwa masomphenya). Nthawi zambiri, ma adenoma akuluakulu a pituitary amatha kutuluka magazi.

Ma adenoma ena a pituitary amatulutsa mahomoni ambiri a pituitary. Awa amatchedwa ``Functioning/Secreting`` adenomas`` . Ena sapanga mahomoni aliwonse. Awa amatchedwa ``Non-functioning`` adenomas`` .

Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma adenoma ogwirira ntchito, kutengera mahomoni omwe amapanga. Adenoma yogwira ntchito yodziwika kwambiri ndi prolactin . Izi zimapangitsa prolactin yambiri. Ma prolactinoma nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala.

Zotupa za pituitary zomwe ndi zazikulu kwambiri komanso/kapena zimapanga mahomoni zimafunika chithandizo, nthawi zambiri opaleshoni .

Hypopituitarism

Imeneyi ndi vuto lomwe pituitary gland yanu imapanga mahomoni ochepa kwambiri a mahomoni amodzi, angapo, kapena onse omwe imapanga.

Kawirikawiri, kusowa kwa mahomoni amodzi kumawoneka. Kusowa kwa mahomoni awiri kapena kuposerapo a pituitary kumatchedwa panhypopituitarism . Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya pituitary kapena pambuyo pa kuwala kwa ubongo .

Chifukwa chachikulu cha hypopituitarism ndi kuwonongeka kwa pituitary gland kapena hypothalamus.

Pali matenda enaake okhudzana ndi vutoli:

• Kusowa kwa mahomoni okula: Izi zimachitika pamene pituitary gland siipanga mahomoni okwanira okula (GH). Mwa ana, kukula ndi chitukuko zimasokonekera, ndipo kutha msinkhu kumachedwa. Mwa akuluakulu, mavuto a kagayidwe kachakudya amapezeka.
• Matenda a shuga a Central Diabetes Insipidus:Izi zimachitika pamene pituitary gland siipanga mahomoni okwanira oletsa diuretic (ADH). Izi zimapangitsa kuti thupi litulutse mkodzo wambiri ndipo silingathe kusunga madzi.
• Kuchepa kwa chithokomiro cha m'mimba: Izi zimachitika pamene chithokomiro cha pituitary sichipanga mahomoni okwanira a luteinizing (LH) ndi mahomoni olimbikitsa follicle (FSH). Izi zimayambitsa mavuto pa ntchito yogonana, kukula, komanso kubereka.
• Kulephera kwa adrenal cortex: Izi zimachitika pamene pituitary gland siipanga ACTH yokwanira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti thupi lisathe kupanga cortisol.
• Matenda a hypothyroidism apakati: Izi zimachitika pamene pituitary gland siipanga mahomoni okwanira olimbikitsa chithokomiro (TSH), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mahomoni a chithokomiro akhale ochepa.

Hypopituitarism imachiritsidwa mwa kupereka mahomoni osowa kunja ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwake kudzera mu mayeso a magazi.

Hyperpituitarism

Imeneyi ndi vuto limene pituitary gland yanu imatulutsa mahomoni ambiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha pituitary adenoma (chotupa chosakhala khansa).

Pali matenda enaake okhudzana ndi vutoli:

• Acromegaly: Izi zimachitika pamene pituitary gland imapanga mahomoni ochulukirapo (GH) akakula. Izi zimayambitsa kukula kwa ziwalo zina za thupi, monga manja, mapazi, ndi/kapena ziwalo zamkati, komanso mavuto a kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi.
• Gigantism: Izi zimachitika pamene pituitary gland imapanga mahomoni ochulukirapo (GH) paubwana kapena unyamata. Izi zimayambitsa kukula mofulumira komanso kutalika kwambiri.
• Matenda a Cushing: Izi zimachitika pamene pituitary gland imapanga ACTH yochuluka (yomwe imapangitsa kuti adrenal gland ipange cortisol yochuluka). Izi zingayambitse kunenepa mwadzidzidzi m'malo ena a thupi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kungayambitse matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri .
• Hyperprolactinemia: Izi zimachitika pamene pituitary gland imapanga prolactin yochuluka. Izi zingayambitse kuchepa kwa kubereka komanso kutuluka kwa mkaka kuchokera m'mabele (galactorrhea) .

Matenda a Empty Sella

Matenda a Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) ndi vuto losowa kwambiri. Limachitika pamene pituitary gland imaphwanyika kapena kufooka chifukwa cha vuto la mafupa omwe amazungulira ndikuteteza, lotchedwa Sella Turcica . Sella Turcica ndi chipinda chooneka ngati chishalo. Limachokera ku liwu lachilatini lotanthauza "mpando waku Turkey."

Maselo opanda kanthu ndi njira yodziwira matenda pogwiritsa ntchito x-ray.Nthawi zambiri, izi sizimakhala vuto lenileni la matenda, ndipo zimapezeka mwangozi panthawi yojambula.

Nthawi zina, ESS ingayambitse zizindikiro monga kusalingana kwa mahomoni, mutu wopweteka pafupipafupi, komanso kusintha kwa masomphenya. Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a pituitary kuli mkati mwa nthawi zonse, palibe chodetsa nkhawa nacho.

Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zimachitika ngati pali mavuto ndi pituitary gland?

Matenda akuluakulu a pituitary adenomas (awa ndi matenda osakhala khansa) amatha kukankhira kapena kuwononga minofu yapafupi. Izi zingayambitse zizindikiro monga:

• Mavuto a masomphenya (monga kutayika kwa masomphenya a m'mbali)
• Mutu
• Kusalinganika kwa mahomoni komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa mahomoni a pituitary

Kusalingana kwa mahomoni a pituitary kungayambitse zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, kutengera mahomoni omwe akhudzidwa. Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:

• Kukula pang'onopang'ono kapena kukula kwambiri kwa ana
• Kuchepa kwa kubereka mwa akazi ndi amuna (Kusabereka)
• Kusamba kosakhazikika
• Kulemera kapena kuchepa thupi popanda chifukwa
• Kuvutika maganizo ndi/kapena Nkhawa

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zatsopano komanso zosatha, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Angathe kuchita zinthu monga kuyezetsa magazi kuti adziwe ngati zizindikiro zanu zili chifukwa cha vuto la mahomoni kapena china chake.

Kodi ndani amene tiyenera kumufotokozera za vuto ngati ili?

Matenda a pituitary gland nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ndi akatswiri a endocrinologists .

Dokotala wa endocrinologist ndi dokotala amene amagwira ntchito yofufuza matenda okhudzana ndi mahomoni. Iye amatha kuzindikira matenda a endocrine (mahomoni), kupanga njira zochiritsira ndi kusamalira, komanso kupereka mankhwala.

Ngati muli ndi vuto la pituitary gland, monga pituitary adenoma, lomwe limakhudza kapangidwe ka ubongo ndi/kapena limafuna opaleshoni, mungafunike kuonana ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni ya mitsempha .

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji mavuto a pituitary gland?

Popeza pituitary gland yanu imatulutsa mahomoni mwachindunji m'magazi anu, madokotala nthawi zambiri amayesa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a pituitary kudzera mu mayeso a magazi .

Ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni anu sikuli kofanana, dokotala wanu angakupatseninso mayeso ojambulira zithunzi, monga CT scan kapena MRI scan, kuti aone ngati pali vuto ndi pituitary gland. Kawirikawiri, pituitary MRI yapadera imachitika kuti ione bwino pituitary gland ndi phesi lake.

Kodi timasunga bwanji pituitary gland yathu kukhala yathanzi?

Njira yabwino kwambiri yosungira pituitary gland yanu kukhala yathanzi ndikuteteza mutu wanu. Kuvulala mutu ndi kuvulala koopsa muubongo (TBIs)Zingawononge pituitary gland yanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ipange mahomoni ambiri kapena ochepa.

Nazi zina zomwe mungachite kuti mupewe kuvulala mutu ndi ubongo:

• Valani lamba wa chitetezo nthawi iliyonse mukakhala mgalimoto.
• Thamangani mosamala.
• Valani chisoti mukakwera njinga, njinga yamoto, kapena mukamasewera masewera omwe amakhudza munthu.
• Chitani zinthu zopewera kugwa, makamaka ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chogwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amawonjezera mphamvu ndi kukhazikika, kuchotsa zopinga ndi zinthu zoterera m'nyumba mwanu, kugwiritsa ntchito chothandizira kuyenda, komanso kuwona momwe mukuonera.
• Ngati muli ndi ana aang'ono, pangani malo omwe amakhala ndipo muzisewera motetezeka.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti pankhani ya pituitary gland?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za pituitary adenoma ndi/kapena zizindikiro za kusakhazikika kwa mahomoni, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Akhoza kuchita mayeso ena kuti aone ngati pali vuto lililonse ndi pituitary gland yanu.

Ngati mwavulala kwambiri muubongo posachedwapa (Traumatic Brain Injury - TBI) , dokotala wanu mwina adzayang'anira momwe pituitary gland yanu ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso ngati yawonongeka ndi kuvulalako.

Mwachidule, nazi zinthu zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba):

Chiwalo chanu cha pituitary ndi chaching'ono kwambiri, koma champhamvu chomwe chimayang'anira machitidwe ambiri ofunikira m'thupi lanu lonse! Chili ngati 'bwana' wamng'ono.

Imapanga mahomoni omwe amalamulira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kukula kwanu, kugaya chakudya, kubereka, komanso momwe mumachitira ndi nkhawa. Chifukwa chake, kusunga gland kakang'ono aka n'kofunika kwambiri.

• Samalani mutu wanu: valani chisoti, khalani otetezeka.
• Dziwani zizindikiro zachilendo: Uzani dokotala ngati mukudwala mutu nthawi zonse, mavuto a maso, kusintha kwa thupi mwadzidzidzi, kapena kutopa kwambiri.
• Musadandaule: mavuto ambiri a pituitary gland ali ndi mankhwala abwino. Ngati atapezeka msanga, amatha kuthandizidwa bwino.

Tsopano mukudziwa zambiri zokhudza gawo laling'ono lodabwitsa ili la thupi lanu. Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

" Chithokomiro cha pituitary, mahomoni, ubongo, dongosolo la endocrine, matenda a pituitary, hypothalamus, kukula kwa hormone"