Kodi maantibayotiki sakugwira ntchito? Izi zikunena za kukana maantibayotiki!

Mukapita kwa dokotala chifukwa cha chimfine, malungo, kapena matenda, nthawi zina amakupatsa mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, sichoncho? Ndiye mukuganiza kuti mankhwala aliwonse opha tizilombo omwe mumapereka nthawi zonse amagwira ntchito mofanana? Sizowona. Nthawi zina, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono totchedwa mabakiteriya timazolowera mankhwala opha tizilombowa ndikuyamba kuwaletsa. Ndicho chimene timachitcha kuti kukana mankhwala opha tizilombo . Iyi ndi nkhani yaikulu, koma tiyeni tiisunge mosavuta.

Kodi kukana kwa maantibayotiki kumeneku n’kutani?

Mwachidule, kukana mankhwala opha mabakiteriya ndi mphamvu ya mabakiteriya yokana mankhwala opha mabakiteriya omwe amapangidwira kuwapha kapena kuletsa kukula kwawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda a bakiteriya omwe kale anali osavuta kuchiritsidwa tsopano akukhala ovuta kwambiri kuchiza.

Izi kwenikweni ndi gawo la gulu lalikulu lotchedwa antimicrobial resistance . Bowa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi mavairasi amathanso kukhala osagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala.

Chofunika ndichakuti, si thupi lanu lomwe likukula ndi kukana mankhwala opha majeremusi, koma ndi mabakiteriya! Izi zikachitika, chiwerengero cha majeremusi omwe amagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya enaake chimachepa. Majeremusi ena angathandize, koma ndikofunikira kukhala ndi njira zambiri zochiritsira momwe mungathere. Makamaka pa matenda akuluakulu, kuyamba mankhwala oyenera mwamsanga kungakhale kopulumutsa moyo. Tangoganizani, ngati dokotala atatenga nthawi yayitali kuti apeze mankhwala oyenera kwa inu, matendawo akhoza kukulirakulira, eti?

N’chifukwa chiyani izi zili zoopsa chonchi?

Kukana mankhwala opha tizilombo ndi koopsa chifukwa kumachepetsa njira zomwe mungalandire mukadwala. Kungachedwetsenso chithandizo choyenera. Izi zingakusiyeni ndi:

• Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha matenda aakulu, nthawi yayitali kapena imfa.
• Zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri za mankhwala.
• Kukhala nthawi yayitali kuchipatala.
• Kukaonana ndi madokotala pafupipafupi.
• Kukwera kwa mtengo wa chithandizo chamankhwala.

Akatswiri azaumoyo wa anthu ndi opanga mfundo padziko lonse lapansi akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti apeze mayankho a izi. Koma palibe njira yosavuta yothetsera vutoli. Kuti tisinthe izi, tikufunika mgwirizano ndi chithandizo cha tonsefe. Mukadziwa izi, mutha kuchitapo kanthu kuti mudziteteze nokha, okondedwa anu, ndi ena ambiri omwe simunakumanepo nawo.

Kodi kukana maantibayotiki kumeneku kumachitika bwanji?

Mabakiteriya amakhala osamva mankhwala mwachibadwa pakapita nthawi. Koma zinthu zina zimatha kufulumizitsa izi. Nazi zina mwa izo:

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha maantibayotiki mopitirira muyeso

Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndichakuti mumagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki pamene simukuwafuna kwenikweni. Taganizirani izi, kupweteka kwambiri pakhosi kumachitika chifukwa cha mavairasi. Choncho maantibayotiki sagwira ntchito. Chofunika kwambiri ndikumwa maantibayotiki pokhapokha ngati dokotala wakupatsani mankhwala.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha maantibayotiki molakwika

Mabakiteriya nthawi zonse amafunafuna mpata uliwonse wochulukana. Ngati mwaiwala kumwa mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa nthawi yake, siyani kumwa mankhwalawo dokotala asanakuuzeni, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a munthu wina, mabakiteriyawo amatha kuyamba kuchulukananso. Akachulukana motere, majini awo, kapena DNA, amatha kusintha. Izi zimatchedwa kusintha kwa majini . Mabakiteriya omwe asintha mwanjira imeneyi amakhala olimba kukana mankhwalawo. Mankhwala opha tizilombo amatha kupha mabakiteriya omwe sanasinthe, ndikusiya mabakiteriya omwe olimba.

Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa mabakiteriya (Kukana kwadzidzidzi)

Nthawi zina, majini a bakiteriya amasintha mwadzidzidzi, ndiko kuti, amasinthasintha . Kenako maantibayotiki sangathe kuzindikira bakiteriya watsopanoyu ndipo sangathe kuwayang'anira bwino. Kapena, chifukwa cha kusintha kumeneko, mabakiteriya amatha kulimbana ndi zotsatira za mankhwalawa.

Kukana kofalikira

Mukhoza kupatsira wina kachilombo ka bakiteriya kosamva mankhwala. Kenako munthu winayo adzalandira kachilombo komwe palibe mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angagwire ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, mutha kupeza mankhwala ena. Koma pakapita nthawi, mabakiteriya osamva mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ovuta kuchiza.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha izi?

Aliyense akhoza kudwala matenda osamva maantibayotiki. Komabe, magulu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa cha thanzi lawo kapena malo omwe amakhala. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa ndi awa:

• Makanda, makamaka omwe anabadwa msanga.
• Akuluakulu opitirira zaka 65.
• Anthu omwe alibe pokhala kapena okhala m'malo odzaza anthu.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.
• Anthu omwe akumwa maantibayotiki kwa nthawi yayitali.

N’chifukwa chiyani ili ndi vuto lalikulu?

Kukana mankhwala opha maantibayotiki ndi chinthu chomwe tonse tiyenera kuda nkhawa nacho. Zili ngati kuchotsa mankhwala ambiri omwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito pochiza matenda anu mukadwala. Ngati mabakiteriya ena ayamba kukana mankhwala ena, madokotala ayenera kupeza mankhwala ena oti akuthandizeni. Izi sizikhala zosavuta nthawi zonse. Kuti timvetse chifukwa chake izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, tiyenera kumvetsetsa momwe zimatikhudzira tonse padziko lonse lapansi.

Kodi kukana mankhwala opha tizilombo n’chiyani?Ndi vuto la thanzi la anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti lingakhudze aliyense, kotero lingakukhudzeni inunso. Koma, si anthu omwe amakana mankhwala opha maantibayotiki, koma ndi mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya omwe amakana mankhwalawo.

Chifukwa chake n'chakuti tonsefe tikamagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki pochiza matenda a bakiteriya, mabakiteriya amayamba kusintha kuti agwirizane ndi matendawa. Taganizirani izi motere. Muli ndi mnzanu amene amakonda kuchita maphwando odabwitsa. Nthawi yoyamba, amakudabwitsani kapena wina aliyense m'gulu lanu mosavuta. Koma patapita kanthawi, mumamvetsa dongosolo lake ndipo mwachibadwa mumadziwa kuti zodabwitsa zikubwera. Kenako zimafunika khama lalikulu - mwina ngakhale zosatheka - kudabwitsa mnzanuyo.

Mabakiteriya ali choncho. Nthawi iliyonse tikawadabwitsa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amazolowera. Amaona kuti akubwera, ndipo sakonda zodabwitsa. Choncho, amapeza njira zothawira (monga kukhala osalimba ku zotsatira za mankhwala opha tizilombo).

Izi sizikutanthauza kuti thupi lanu likuyamba kukana mankhwala opha majeremusi. Zimangotanthauza kuti mabakiteriya padziko lonse lapansi (omwe tsiku lina angakukhudzeni) sakukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala opha majeremusi monga kale. Chifukwa chake, madokotala akuyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti apeze mankhwala atsopano opha majeremusi kuti achiritse matenda ena.

Kodi mabakiteriya oopsa kwambiri omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki ndi ati?

Mitundu iyi ya mabakiteriya ndi yomwe imachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chifukwa cha matenda osamva maantibayotiki padziko lonse lapansi ndi ochuluka kwambiri:

• Escherichia coli (E. coli)
• Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus - S. aureus)
• Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae)
• Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae)
• Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii)
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa - P. aeruginosa)

Kodi "ma superbugs" awa ndi chiyani?

Superbugs ndi mabakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena majeremusi ena omwe asintha kukhala mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amawapha. Amatha kukana mankhwalawo. Satha ngakhale atalandira chithandizo, koma amapitirizabe kuchulukana ndikuyambitsa matenda. Nthawi zina, palibe maantibayotiki omwe amagwira ntchito.

Matenda ena a bakiteriya omwe ali m'gulu la superbugs ndi awa:

• C. diff (Clostridioides difficile - C. diff)
• Chinzonono chosagwira mankhwala
• Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) yosagonjetsedwa ndi Methicillin
• Chifuwa chachikulu cha Mycobacterium chosamva mankhwala ambiri (MDR-TB)
• Enterococci yosagonjetsedwa ndi Vancomycin

Kodi tingatani ndi izi?

Kuti zinthu zisinthe padziko lonse lapansi, opereka chithandizo chamankhwala ndi opanga mfundo ali ndi gawo lalikulu loti achite. Koma sizikutanthauza kuti simungathe kuchita chilichonse. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite. Nazi malangizo ena:

• Khalani aukhondo. Mwa kudziteteza ku matenda, mutha kupewa matenda a bakiteriya omwe amafunikira maantibayotiki. Tikamagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki ambiri monga anthu, tingayambitse kusamvana kwa maantibayotiki. Kusamba m'manja ndi gawo limodzi lofunika kwambiri lomwe mungachite. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni malangizo ambiri.
• Imwani maantibayotiki okha ngati mukuwafunadi. Maantibayotiki sagwira ntchito pa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi. Koma nthawi zina zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya zimatha kukhala zofanana. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale simukufuna maantibayotiki, mungamve ngati mukuwafuna. Ngati mukudwala, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mukufuna komanso chifukwa chake.
• Pezani katemera amene dokotala wanu akulangiza. Pakadali pano, palibe katemera wa mabakiteriya ambiri omwe amayambitsa matenda osagwira maantibayotiki. Chosiyana ndi katemera wa pneumococcal. Izi zimakutetezani ku matenda a pneumococcal omwe amayamba chifukwa cha S. pneumoniae. Katemerayu ndi wofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri, makamaka ana osakwana zaka ziwiri ndi akuluakulu azaka zopitilira 65. Katemera wina woteteza ku matenda a mavairasi, monga katemera wa chimfine (flu shot), nawonso ndi wofunikira. Kupewa matenda a mavairasi kungathandize kupewa zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo mosayenera.

Kodi madokotala amachita bwanji izi?

Njira zochiritsira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa. Dokotala wanu adzayesa kupeza mankhwala oyenera opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena kuphatikiza kwa maantibayotiki pa matenda anu. Mwachitsanzo, carbapenems ndi mtundu wa mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe amagwira ntchito bwino polimbana ndi mabakiteriya osagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki. Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani carbapenem, monga meropenem, ngati jakisoni.

Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani njira zochiritsira, pamodzi ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake. Ofufuza nthawi zonse akuyesetsa kupeza njira zatsopano komanso zabwino zochiritsira mabakiteriya osamva maantibayotiki. Pakadali pano, kutsatira malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito maantibayotiki moyenera kungathandize kusunga mankhwala ochepa omwe tili nawo.

Tiyeni tiphunzirenso za matenda a mkodzo omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki (UTIs).

Matenda ambiri a mkodzo (UTIs) amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki. Komabe, matenda a UTI osagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki ndi matenda omwe amapezeka m'njira yanu ya mkodzo, chikhodzodzo, kapena impso zomwe sizimayankha maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Matenda ambiri a mkodzo amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a E. coli . Matendawa nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki. Koma mabakiteriya tsopano akuyamba kukana mankhwala amenewa. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya E. coli imapanga ma enzyme otchedwa extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) . Ma enzyme amenewa amawononga ndi kuwononga maantibayotiki. Izi zingapangitse kuti matenda anu achuluke komanso kuti akhale ovuta kuchiza popanda maantibayotiki kugwira ntchito.

Dokotala angakulembereni mankhwala opha mabakiteriya nthawi zonse chifukwa cha matenda a mkodzo, osadziwa kuti mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa mankhwalawa ndi osagwirizana ndi mankhwala ena. Mungamve bwino pang'ono mutamwa mankhwala opha mabakiteriya kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mankhwala opha mabakiteriya ena amapha mabakiteriya ena, koma mabakiteriya omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala ena alipo. Choncho, mankhwalawo sangakuchiritseni kwathunthu. Ngati zioneka kuti muli ndi mabakiteriya omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala ena, dokotala wanu adzafunika kusintha mankhwala anu opha mabakiteriya.

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti pali mitundu ingapo ya maantibayotiki omwe amagwira ntchito ngakhale pa matenda a UTI osagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani mankhwala omwe ndi abwino kwa inu. Tsatirani mlingo ndi nthawi yomwe akupatsani. Ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala onse, ngakhale mutakhala bwino.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani izi.

Mukadwala, chinthu choyamba chomwe mumaganizira ndi mankhwala omwe muyenera kumwa kuti muchire mwachangu. Mwamwayi, maantibayotiki akadali chida champhamvu cholimbana ndi matenda ambiri a bakiteriya. Angachepetse zizindikiro zanu ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mavuto akulu. Koma pakapita nthawi, mabakiteriya ambiri akhala osamva mankhwala omwe akhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa, koma kuphunzira zambiri za kusamva mankhwala a bakiteriya kungakuthandizeni kudziteteza nokha ndi okondedwa anu. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zokhalira ndi thanzi labwino. Iye angakupatseni upangiri wogwirizana ndi zosowa zanu zaumoyo.

Kukana Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa, Kukana Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa, Mabakiteriya, Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa, Matenda, Thanzi, Superbugs