Kodi Cytology ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tiphunzire zonse zokhudza iyo!

Kodi mudamvapo za mayeso a 'Cytology'? Mwina dokotala wakupemphani kuti muchite mayeso otere. Awa ndi mayeso ofunikira kwambiri. Amawona maselo ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lathu ndipo amathandiza kuzindikira matenda ena mwachangu, makamaka khansa. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za sayansi iyi ya cytology m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Cytology ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Taganizirani izi, matupi athu amapangidwa ndi mabiliyoni a maselo ang'onoang'ono. Choncho njira imeneyi, yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa 'cytopathology', imaphatikizapo kutenga maselo angapo kuchokera m'thupi lanu kapena madzi (monga mkodzo, ntchofu) ndikuwayang'ana kuti awone ngati pali china chilichonse chosiyana kapena chosazolowereka mwa iwo.

Monga katswiri wa zaupolisi, dokotala waluso, timamutcha 'katswiri wa matenda' , ndiye amene amayang'ana maselowa mosamala kwambiri pansi pa maikulosikopu ndikupeza kuti, 'O... pali vuto apa' kapena 'Ayi, zonse zili bwino'. Izi sizifuna chidutswa chachikulu cha minofu, chitsanzo cha maselo ochepa kwambiri ndi chokwanira. Ndicho chifukwa chake mayesowa amatha kuchitika popanda zovuta zambiri nthawi zambiri.

Ngakhale madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a cytology awa pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira khansa kapena kuyesa ngati pali khansa.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya cytology ndi iti?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu mu cytology. Tiyeni tikambirane za izo.

1. Kuchotsa Matupi a M'mimba

Dzinali lingamveke ngati lovuta pang'ono, koma kwenikweni ndi losavuta. Kuchotsa khungu m'thupi ndi njira yowunikira maselo omwe amatuluka m'thupi lathu (monga maselo akhungu lakufa) kapena kukanda pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pake, ngati burashi yaying'ono.

Tiyeni tione zitsanzo zina za izi.

• Zitsanzo za akazi: Azimayi ambiri amadziwa bwino izi. Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa mayeso ndi Pap smear , womwe umaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha maselo ang'onoang'ono kuchokera ku chiberekero ndi burashi yaying'ono ndikuyesa.
• Zitsanzo za m'mimba: Nthawi zina, dokotala akamayesa endoscopy (kuyang'ana mkati ndi kamera), amatha kukoka maselo ena kuchokera mkati mwa matumbo ndikuwatumiza kuti akayesedwe ndi cytology.
• Zitsanzo za khungu kapena ntchofu: Izi zitha kuyesedwa pochotsa maselo pakhungu lanu, m'mphuno mwanu, kapena mkamwa mwanu.

Njira ina ndiyo kusonkhanitsa maselo kuchokera ku zinthu zomwe zimangotuluka m'thupi. Taganizirani izi:

• Zitsanzo za kupuma:Mukhoza kuyesa phlegm kapena sputum yomwe imatuluka mukatsokomola kuti muwone maselo omwe ali mmenemo.
• Zitsanzo za mkodzo: Matenda ena amatha kupezeka mwa kutenga chitsanzo cha mkodzo wanu (mkodzo) ndikuwunika maselo omwe ali mmenemo.
• Zitsanzo za kutuluka magazi kosayenera kapena kutulutsidwa kwa madzi m'thupi: Ngati pali kutuluka magazi kosayenera, monga m'maso, m'maliseche, kapena m'mabere, chitsanzocho chikhoza kutengedwa ndipo mayeso a cytology angachitike.

2. Kuchiza Matenda a Kansa

Pankhaniyi, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, dokotala ayenera kudula pang'ono pamwamba pa khungu lanu ndikutenga chitsanzo cha maselo mkati. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitsanzocho chingafunike kutengedwa poboola khungu.

Mayeso ofala kwambiri amtunduwu amatchedwa fine-needle aspiration (FNA) .

• Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala kwambiri kuti iilowetse pamalo omwe ikufunika kufufuzidwa (monga chotupa) ndikutulutsa chitsanzo cha madzi kapena maselo pamenepo. Kenako katswiri wa matenda amayang'ana maselowo pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu.

Pali malo angapo kumene FNA ingachitike:

• Ma cysts ndi matuza okhala ngati madzi pansi pa khungu.
• Matumbo kapena ziphuphu pansi pa khungu.
• Ma lymph nodes anu.
• Madzi a m'mimba .
• Madzi a m'mimba ndi madzi omwe amapezeka m'malo olumikizirana mafupa (pakati pa mapapo ndi mkati mwa chifuwa).

Kodi mayeso a cytology amachitidwa liti?

Monga tanenera kale, izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira khansa kapena kuyezetsa khansa msanga.

• Kuyezetsa matenda ndi mayeso omwe amachitidwa mukakhala ndi zizindikiro (monga chifuwa chosatha, kupweteka m'mimba, chotupa m'thupi lanu) kuti mudziwe vuto. Cytology ingathandize kudziwa ngati pali maselo osazolowereka, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda.
• Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mayeso omwe amafufuza ngati muli pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda ena (makamaka khansa), ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zizindikiro zilizonse. Kuyezetsa magazi kwa Pap ndi chimodzi mwa mayeso omwe anthu ambiri amawadziwa bwino.

Kuphatikiza pa izi, cytology imathandiza ndi zinthu zina:

• Dziwani matenda opatsirana.
• Dziwani matenda otupa.
• Yang'anani ngati pali zilonda za chithokomiro.
• Dziwani matenda okhudzana ndi mabowo ena a thupi (monga madzi omwe amapangika pakati pa nembanemba yophimba mapapo).

Ndani amachita mayeso a cytology awa?

Funso ili ndi labwino. Mukachita mayeso a cytology,Kawirikawiri pamakhala anthu awiri: amene amatenga chitsanzocho ndi amene amachiyesa.

• Njira yosonkhanitsira chitsanzocho imasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mayesowo. Mwachitsanzo, dokotala wa matenda a akazi angatenge chitsanzo cha selo kuti akawonedwe ngati ali ndi Pap smear. Pa FNA, dokotala wophunzitsidwa bwino angachite izi.
• Kenako, chitsanzochi chimatumizidwa ku labotale.
• Kumeneko, katswiri wa matenda a mitsempha kapena katswiri wa matenda a mitsempha amafufuza maselo amenewa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu ndikupeza matenda. Iwo ndi akatswiri pankhaniyi.

Kodi mayeso a Cytology amachitidwa bwanji? Gawo ndi Gawo

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe mayeso a cytology amachitikira. Kawirikawiri pali njira zinayi zazikulu zochitira izi.

1. Kusonkhanitsa maselo a chitsanzo

Iyi ndi sitepe yoyamba. Dokotala wanu adzatenga chitsanzo cha maselo m'thupi lanu kuti akayesedwe. Monga tafotokozera kale, zitha kukhala:

• Chotsani pokanda kapena kutsuka pamwamba pake.
• Amasonkhanitsidwa ngati madzi (monga mkodzo, ntchofu).
• Mwina anatengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya 'fine needle aspiration ' (FNA).

2. Kukonza maselo a chitsanzo

Chitsanzocho chikafika ku labu, chiyenera kukonzedwa kuti chikhale chosavuta kuyesa.

• Pa zitsanzo zina za minofu, dokotala kapena munthu wina mu labu adzazipaka pa galasi loonera (microscope slide). Izi zimatchedwa 'smears' .
• Ngati ndi chitsanzo chamadzimadzi, sizingatheke kupanga smear mwachindunji chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa maselo ochepa mkati mwake. Kenako imayikidwa mu chidebe chaching'ono ndikutumizidwa ku labu.
• Akalowa mu labu, katswiri wa matenda kapena katswiri wa labu amaika ma smears awa, kapena maselo okonzedwa, mu utoto wapadera (mabala). Kupaka utoto kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwona mbali zosiyanasiyana za maselo bwino pansi pa maikulosikopu. Monga momwe kupaka utoto chithunzi kumathandizira kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwona tsatanetsatane.
• Ngati chitsanzocho ndi chamadzimadzi, nthawi zina makina otchedwa centrifuge amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa maselo ndi madzi. Makinawa amazungulira chitsanzocho mwachangu kwambiri ndikulekanitsa maselowo ndi kulemera kwake. Kenako maselo olekanitsidwawo amaikidwa pa slide ndikupakidwa utoto ngati pakufunika.

3. Kufufuza maselo a chitsanzo

Chitsanzo cha maselo okonzedwa ndi opakidwa utoto kenako chimafufuzidwa mosamala ndi maikulosikopu ndi katswiri wa matenda. Iye adzayang'ana:

• Kodi maselo ndi abwinobwino?
• Kodi pali maselo olakwika?
• Kodi pali zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda?
• Kodi mukuona zinthu monga maselo a khansa?

Ngati apeza maselo olakwika, amawalemba chizindikiro pa slide ndi cholembera chapadera. Kenako, kutengera zomwe akuwona, amapanga matenda ndikupanga lipoti latsatanetsatane.

4. Kugawana zotsatira

Pomaliza, katswiri wa matenda adzatumiza lipotilo kwa dokotala wanu (dokotala amene anakutumizani kuti mukayesedwe). Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani zotsatira zake ndikukambirana nanu zomwe mungachite kenako (monga mayeso ena, mankhwala).

Kodi ndiyenera kukonzekera bwanji mayeso a cytology?

Vutoli ndi lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti mayeso ambiri a cytology ndi osavuta komanso osapweteka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake simuyenera kuchita chilichonse chapadera kuti mukonzekere.

Komabe, dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani tsatanetsatane wa mayeso omwe mukuyenera kuchita. Adzanenanso momveka bwino ngati pali chilichonse chomwe muyenera kuchita musanayese mayesowo (monga kusadya kwa maola angapo, kusiya kumwa mankhwala ena). Choncho tsatirani malangizowo mosamala.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani pambuyo pa mayeso?

Pambuyo pa mayeso, chitsanzo cha maselo omwe mwatenga chimatumizidwa ku labu, komwe katswiri wa matenda amachiyang'ana ndikutumiza lipoti kwa dokotala wanu. Dokotala adzakuuzani zotsatira zake. Nthawi zina pangakhale kusasangalala kapena mabala pamene chitsanzocho chinatengedwa kwa masiku angapo, koma nthawi zambiri izi zimatha msanga.

Kodi pali zoopsa ndi zovuta zilizonse pa mayesowa?

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mayeso onse azachipatala, palinso mavuto omwe angakhalepo. Komabe, mavuto akuluakulu ochokera ku mayeso a cytology ndi osowa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amakhala ang'onoang'ono (monga kutuluka magazi pang'ono kapena kuvulala pamalo a FNA).

• Nthawi zina, zotsatira za 'zabodza' kapena 'zabodza' zimatha kuchitika. 'Zabodza' zimatanthauza kuti zotsatira zake zimasonyeza kuti matenda palibe, ndipo 'zabodza' zimatanthauza kuti zotsatira zake zimasonyeza kuti matenda palibe. Koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, ndipo akatswiri a matenda amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi izi.
• Nthawi zina, biopsy (mayeso omwe amatenga chidutswa cha minofu) ingapereke chidziwitso chochuluka kuposa mayeso a cytology, motero ingakhale yolondola kwambiri.

Ndiye kodi ubwino wa mayeso a cytology ndi wotani?

Pali zabwino komanso zovuta zake. Popeza zimangofunika chitsanzo cha maselo ochepa, mayeso a cytology ali ndi zabwino zingapo kuposa biopsy:

• Sizowononga kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe mabala akuluakulu.
• Kusamva bwino ndi kupweteka n’kochepa kwambiri. Zina sizipwetekanso.
• Mwayi wa mavuto ndi wochepa.
• Mtengo wake ndi wotsika.
• Zitha kuchitika mwachangu.

Kodi zotsatira za mayeso a cytology ndi ziti?

Zotsatira zomwe mumalandira zingasiyane pang'ono kutengera mayeso omwe anachitika, komanso komwe chitsanzocho chinatengedwa. Kawirikawiri, lipoti la katswiri wa matenda lingakhale ndi izi:

• Kufotokozera chitsanzo (monga komwe chinatengedwa, momwe chinatengedwa).
• Kaya maselo osazolowereka apezeka kapena ayi.
• Ngati maselo osazolowereka apezeka, ndi matenda amtundu wanji, matenda, kapena khansa?
• Ngati ndi khansa, kodi khansayo ndi ya mtundu wanji? Izi zikusonyeza momwe maselo a khansa alili ofanana kapena osiyana ndi maselo abwinobwino, komanso momwe amafalikira mofulumira.
• Ngati pakufunika mayeso ena, monga biopsy.
• Mwina, matenda enieni kapena malingaliro ochepa.

Kodi zinditengera nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti ndidziwe zotsatira zake?

Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri amafunsa. Nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti munthu adziwe zotsatira zake imadalira chinthu chilichonse payekhapayekha.

• Zotsatira za mayeso ena okhazikika (monga Pap smear) zingatenge masiku angapo (mwina tsiku limodzi kapena awiri).
• Mayeso ena ovuta kwambiri angatenge sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri kapena kuposerapo.

Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza izi ndi izi:

• Ntchito mu labu.
• Ndikufunika kuwona maselo kapena minofu yambiri.
• Madontho apadera kapena mayeso ena angafunike.
• Nthawi zina dokotala wina amafunika thandizo lachiwiri.
• Nthawi yokonza ndi nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti chitsanzo chipite ku labu, chikonzekere, chiyesedwe, chilembedwe, kenako chiperekedwe kwa dokotala wanu.

Dokotala wanu adzatha kukupatsani lingaliro la nthawi yomwe nthawi zambiri zimatenga.

Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa cytology ndi pathology?

Musasokoneze zonsezi. Cytology, kapena timaitcha kuti 'Cytopathology', ndi nthambi ya Pathology, kutanthauza kuti, subspecialty.

Mu zamankhwala, matenda ndi gawo la zamankhwala lomwe limayang'ana kufufuza kwa maselo ndi minofu kuchokera ku minofu ya thupi kapena zitsanzo zamadzimadzi kuti apeze matenda. Chifukwa chake, cytology ndi gawo limodzi chabe la gawo lalikululo.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa Cytology ndi Histology ndi kotani?

Cytology ndi Histology ndi nthambi zina ziwiri za Pathology. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi ndi zomwe zikufufuzidwa.

• Cytology imayang'ana kwambiri maselo kapena magulu a maselo. Awa akhoza kukhala maselo omwe apezekanso kapena maselo otengedwa kuchokera ku FNA.
• Histology imayang'ana gawo lonse la minofu.Chitsanzo cha minofu chimafufuzidwa kuti chione mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo, momwe amalumikizirana, komanso kapangidwe ka minofu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika potenga chitsanzo cha minofu kudzera mu biopsy.

Mwachidule, sayansi ya maselo ili ngati kutenga tsamba pamtengo ndikuyang'ana, pomwe sayansi ya minofu ili ngati kutenga nthambi pamtengo.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa mayeso a cytology ndi biopsy ndi kotani?

Cholinga cha zonsezi ndikupeza matenda, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi.

• Kukula kwa chitsanzo:
• Mu cytology, chitsanzo chochepa kwambiri cha maselo chimawunikidwa pansi pa maikulosikopu.
• Kuyeza magazi nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kutenga minofu yayikulu kuposa chitsanzo cha cytology.

• Momwe mungachitire izi:
• Kutenga chitsanzo cha cytology (monga, Pap smear, swab) nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosavuta, kopanda ululu, ndipo sikungafunike mankhwala oletsa ululu.
• Mayeso a biopsy nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kwambiri kuposa mayeso a cytology. Angafunike mankhwala oletsa ululu am'deralo kapena mankhwala oletsa ululu wamba.

• Chomwe chayang'aniridwa:
• Cytology imayang'ana maselo kapena magulu a maselo payokha .
• Mu biopsy, katswiri wa matenda samangoyang'ana maselo okha, komanso kapangidwe ka minofu yonse .

Pomaliza, zinthu zomwe muyenera kukumbukira

Chifukwa chake, ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano muli ndi lingaliro labwino la Cytology. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti mayeso a Cytology ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso yotetezeka yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda ululu ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda ndikupeza zinthu monga khansa msanga.

Kudikira zotsatira za mayeso kungakhale kovuta komanso kovutitsa maganizo. Zimenezo n’zachibadwa. Koma kumbukirani kuti gulu lanu lachipatala limakhalapo nthawi zonse kuti likuthandizeni ndikukusamalirani, mosasamala kanthu kuti zotsatira zake ndi zotani. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza mayeso anu, zotsatira zanu, kapena choti muchite kenako, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu. Muli ndi ufulu womvedwa ndikumvetsedwa. Mwamvetsa?

` Cytology, Cytology, Kuyesa Maselo, Kuzindikira Khansa, Kuyesa Pap, Kupaka Pap, FNA, Kuzindikira, Matenda