Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza kuyezetsa khansa. Musachite mantha, tiyeni tikambirane!

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti pali njira zodziwira matenda oopsa monga khansa isanayambike m'thupi mwathu, kutanthauza kuti, zizindikiro zilizonse zisanawonekere? Ndicho chimene timachitcha kuti kuyezetsa khansa . Mwachidule, zili ngati kugwira wakuba asanalowe m'nyumba mwanu. Ngati mutazindikira msanga, zimakhala zosavuta kuchiza, ndipo nthawi zina mutha kuchiritsa khansa kwathunthu kapena kuiletsa kuti isayambike.

Ndiye, kodi kuyezetsa khansa kumeneku kudzachitika liti? Kwa ndani?

Izi nthawi zambiri zimadalira zaka zanu komanso ngati muli ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingakuchititseni khansa. Anthu ambiri amayamba kuganiza zokayezetsa khansa atatha zaka 40. Komabe, ngati muli ndi mbiri ya khansa m'banja mwanu kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingakuchititseni khansa, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mukayezetse msanga.

M'mayiko ngati America, pali makomiti a akatswiri monga ``US Preventive Services Task Force'' omwe amakonza malangizo a mayeso a khansa awa. Amaphunzira mosamala momwe mayesowa alili othandiza komanso otetezeka, komanso ngati amapulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu. Amalangiza kokha ngati zatsimikiziridwa kuti ubwino wa mayesowo ndi woposa kuwonongeka kulikonse komwe kungachitike .

Kodi ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mayesowa ndi kotani?

Tangoganizirani, ubwino waukulu wa mayesowa ndi wakuti ngati pali khansa, imatha kuzindikirika msanga kwambiri . Kenako, chithandizo chingayambe khansa isanakule ndikufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Izi zimawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu yochiritsa khansa, ndipo zimathanso kutalikitsa moyo. Nthawi zina, mayesowa amatha kuzindikira kusintha koyambirira kwa khansa komwe kungasanduke khansa. Kenako, pali mwayi wopewa khansa isanayambike.

Kumbali ina, ngakhale kuti sizichitika kawirikawiri, pali zoopsa zina. Mwachitsanzo, zotsatira za mayeso zingakhale zolondola (`zotsatira zolondola za mayeso`). Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pali mwayi wochepa woti munthu amene alibe matendawa awonetsedwe kuti ali ndi matendawa (`zabodza`), ndipo munthu amene ali ndi matendawa awonetsedwe kuti alibe matendawa (`zabodza`). Komanso, pali mwayi woti chinthu chotchedwa ``kuzindikira mopitirira muyeso``. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mungadziwike kuti muli ndi khansa yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono yomwe simudzakhala nayo mtsogolo, ndipo mungalandire chithandizo chosafunikira. Koma zinthuzi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Madokotala amaganizira zonsezi akamasankha mayeso omwe ndi abwino kwa inu.

Kumbukirani: Cholinga chachikulu choyezetsa khansa ndikupeza khansa msanga. Izi zingathandize kwambiri kupulumutsa miyoyo.

Ndi mayeso ati a khansa omwe nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa?

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya kuyezetsa khansa yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chapakati, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti alibe mbiri yeniyeni ya m'banja:

• Mayeso a khansa ya m'mawere
• Mayeso a khansa ya pachibelekero
• Mayeso a khansa ya m'matumbo (khansa ya m'matumbo)

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ubwino woyezetsa khansa yamtunduwu ndi woposa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Zimapulumutsa miyoyo.

1. Kuyezetsa Khansa ya M'mawere

Azimayi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chapakati ayenera kuyamba kuyezetsa khansa ya m'mawere akakwanitsa zaka 40. Malangizo omwe alipo pano amalimbikitsa kuti akazi azipita ku mammogram zaka ziwiri zilizonse . Mammogram ndi X-ray ya mabere. Imatha kuzindikira zotupa zazing'ono kapena kusintha kwina m'mawere zizindikiro zisanawonekere. Izi zathandiza kuchepetsa imfa za khansa ya m'mawere.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya m'mawere (mwachitsanzo, ngati wina m'banja mwanu adakhala nayo ali wamng'ono), dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyezedwe pafupipafupi kapena kuti muyesedwenso mayeso ena, monga MRI ya m'mawere, kuwonjezera pa mammogram.

2. Kuyezetsa Khansa ya M'chiberekero

Kuyezetsa khansa ya pachibelekero nthawi zambiri kumafunika kuyamba munthu ali ndi zaka 21. Mayesowa samangozindikira khansa ya pachibelekero msanga, komanso amazindikira kusintha kwa maselo komwe kungayambitse khansa, yotchedwa cervical dysplasia . Amathanso kuzindikira matenda a human papillomavirus (HPV), yomwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha khansa ya pachibelekero.

Mitundu iwiri ya mayeso imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa khansa ya pachibelekero:

• Kuyeza magazi m'chiberekero: Izi zimaphatikizapo kufufuza maselo ochokera ku chiberekero pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti aone ngati pali maselo a khansa kapena maselo omwe asanakhale ndi khansa.
• Kuyezetsa kwa HPV: Izi zimayesa mitundu ya kachilombo ka papillomavirus (HPV) komwe kamayambitsa khansa ya pachibelekero.

Malangizo omwe akulangizidwa pano ndi awa:

• Zaka 21-29: Pap smear kamodzi pa zaka zitatu zilizonse.
• Zaka 30-65: Kuyezetsa pamodzi ndi mayeso a Pap smear ndi HPV zaka zisanu zilizonse, kapena mayeso a Pap zaka zitatu zilizonse, kapena mayeso a HPV zaka zisanu zilizonse.

Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani njira yoyenera kwa inu.

3. Kuyezetsa Khansa ya M'matumbo

Ndikofunikira kuti anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chapakati ayambe kuyezetsa khansa ya m'matumbo akakwanitsa zaka 45. Khansa iyi ndi yomwe imayambitsa imfa zambiri. Koma ikapezeka msanga, imatha kuchiritsidwa. Mayesowa amatha kuzindikira ndikuchotsa zotupa zazing'ono (polyps) zomwe zingakule kukhala khansa, ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuchotsa zotupa zomwe sizili khansa. Mwanjira ina, mayesowa amathanso kuletsa khansa ya m'matumbo kukula!

Kawirikawiri pa iziNdikoyenera kuchita ``Colonoscopy'' zaka 10 zilizonse. ``Colonoscopy'' ndi kufufuza kwathunthu matumbo akuluakulu pogwiritsa ntchito chubu chokhala ndi kamera yolumikizidwa.

Pali njira zina:

• Kuyezetsa magazi m'chimbudzi (monga FIT, gFOBT kapena DNA ya ndowe) - Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chaka chilichonse kapena zaka zitatu zilizonse, kutengera mtundu wa mayesowo.
• Kuyeza colonoscopy pa intaneti - zaka zisanu zilizonse.
• Sigmoidoscopy yosinthasintha - zaka zisanu zilizonse.
• Kuyeza sigmoidoscopy yosinthasintha zaka 10 zilizonse komanso mayeso a FIT apachaka.

Ndi mayeso ena ati a khansa omwe akukambidwa?

Pali mitundu ina yambiri ya mayeso a khansa yomwe mungalankhule ndi dokotala wanu. Mayeso ena angathandize anthu ena, koma sangakhale oyenera aliyense. Kapena, mwina palibe umboni wokwanira wosonyeza kuti ubwino wa mayeso amenewo ndi woposa zoopsa zake.

• Kuyezetsa khansa ya m'mapapo: Iyi ndi njira yojambulira zithunzi, yofanana ndi scan. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni izi ngati muli ndi zaka pakati pa 50 ndi 80 ndipo muli ndi mbiri yosuta fodya (yomwe mukusuta panopa kapena yomwe mwasiya posachedwapa).
• Kuyezetsa khansa ya mkamwa: Dokotala wa mano adzayang'ana pakamwa panu ngati pali zizindikiro za khansa. Ngakhale kuti palibe malangizo enieni okhudza izi, dokotala wanu wa mano angachite izi mukapita kukayezetsa mano.
• Kuyezetsa khansa ya prostate: Amuna amapatsidwa mayeso a magazi otchedwa PSA kuti aone zizindikiro za khansa ya prostate. Dokotala wanu adzakambirana nanu za izi ngati muli ndi zaka zapakati pa 55 ndi 69.
• Kuyezetsa khansa ya pakhungu: Dokotala wa khungu amayezetsa khungu lanu kuti aone ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za khansa. Ngakhale kuti palibe umboni wokwanira wosonyeza kuti mayesowa amachepetsa imfa za khansa ya pakhungu, anthu ambiri amayezetsa khungu lonse chaka chilichonse.

Kodi mayeso a khansa amenewa amachitidwa bwanji?

Musanapite kukayezetsa, dokotala wanu kapena wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala adzakuuzani zomwe zidzachitike panthawi yoyezetsa, momwe muyenera kukonzekera, komanso zomwe zotsatira za mayeso zingakuuzeni komanso zomwe sizingakuuzeni za thanzi lanu.

Kuyezetsa khansa kungaphatikizepo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayeso:

• Kuwunika thupi: Dokotala adzafufuza thupi lanu kuti awone ngati pali kusintha kulikonse, monga ziphuphu zachilendo. Adzakufunsani mafunso okhudza thanzi lanu komanso mbiri yanu ya thanzi la banja.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Izi zimatenga zithunzi za mkati mwa thupi. Mammogram ndi colonoscopy ndi mayeso ojambulira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa khansa.
• Mayeso a labu: Izi zingaphatikizepo kuyezetsa magazi ndi kuyezetsa minofu ya khansa. Pap smear ndi mayeso a labu omwe amatenga chitsanzo cha minofu ndikuyang'ana zizindikiro za khansa.
• Mayeso a majini: Mayesowa amafufuza DNA yanu kuti aone ngati muli ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha khansa. Izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati pali milandu yapadera.

Tiyeni tiphunzirenso za mayeso atsopano: Mayeso a Kuzindikira Khansa Zambiri (MCD)

Kuyezetsa magazi kwatsopano kotchedwa Galleri test kukuonekera. Akuti kumatha kuzindikira mitundu yoposa 50 ya khansa nthawi imodzi. Komabe, sikunavomerezedwe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe monga US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za mtundu uwu wa mayeso, mutha kulankhula ndi dokotala kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Kodi zotsatira za mayeso a khansa zikutanthauza chiyani?

Kuyezetsa khansa kumayang'ana kusintha kwa thupi lanu komwe kungakhale zizindikiro za khansa. Zotsatira za mayeso si 'kuzindikira' khansa, komanso si chitsimikizo chakuti mulibe khansa. Nthawi zina, mayeso a khansa angapereke zotsatira zachilendo. Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni mayeso ena. Monga momwe mayeso oyamba amakhalira, kukhala ndi mayeso ena sikutanthauza kuti muli ndi khansa.

Kodi ndidzadziwa liti zotsatira za mayeso?

Mayeso ena angatenge masiku angapo kuti apeze zotsatira. Ena angatenge sabata imodzi kuti dokotala apeze zotsatira ndikukuuzani. Mutha kufunsa komwe mudapezera mayeso kapena dokotala wanu za nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti mupeze zotsatira.

Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mayeso anga akusonyeza zizindikiro za khansa?

Choyamba choyenera kukumbukira ndichakuti kuyezetsa magazi sikutanthauza kuti muli ndi matenda. Ngati zotsatira zanu zikusonyeza zizindikiro za khansa, dokotala wanu adzachita mayeso ambiri kuti adziwe zomwe zikuchitikadi. Komanso, kungoti mayeso sakusonyeza zizindikiro za khansa sizikutanthauza kuti muli ndi thanzi labwino. Khansa imayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina imatha kukula pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, funsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomwe muyenera kuyezetsa magazi anu otsatira.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Ngati simukudziwa bwino za mayeso omwe muyenera kuchita, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Izi ndi zoona makamaka ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa kapena mudachitidwapo opaleshoni yapitayi (monga chiberekero) zomwe zingakhudze dongosolo lanu lopewera khansa.

Mafunso ena omwe mungafunse:

• "Ndi mayeso ati a khansa omwe dokotala amandilangiza?"
• "N’chifukwa chiyani dokotala amalangiza mayeso amenewo?"
• "Kodi mukufunika kuchita mayeso awa mwachangu?"
• "Kodi dokotala angachite mayeso awa yekha, kapena ndiyenera kuwona katswiri?"
• "Kodi pali mayeso aliwonse omwe angachitike kunyumba?"
• "Ndiyenera kuchita mayeso awa kangati?"

Kuyezetsa khansa kumatha kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa. Ngakhale kuti kuzindikira ndi kuchiza khansa msanga kumawonjezera mwayi wochira, njira yonseyi ikhoza kukhala yoopsa komanso yochititsa nkhawa. Chifukwa chake, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu za mayeso a khansa omwe angakuthandizeni. Adzakhala okondwa kufotokoza zomwe mayeso aliwonse amafufuza, momwe mayesowo amachitikira, komanso momwe zotsatira zake zidzafotokozedwere kwa inu.

Kudziwa pasadakhale zomwe mungayembekezere kungakupatseni mtendere wamumtima pamene mukukumana ndi nthawi yoyamba yoyezetsa khansa.

Pomaliza, uthenga wopita nawo kunyumba

Chabwino, nayi chidule chokuthandizani kukumbukira mfundo zofunika kwambiri kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana:

• Kuyezetsa khansa ndi njira yodziwira khansa zizindikiro zisanawonekere. Mayesowa angathandize kupeza khansa msanga.
• Kuzindikira msanga kumawonjezera mwayi wopeza chithandizo chabwino, ndipo kungalepheretse khansa kukula.
• Zaka zanu ndi zinthu zomwe zingakubweretsereni chiopsezo zimakuthandizani kudziwa mayeso omwe muyenera kuchita komanso nthawi yomwe muyenera kuchita.
• Kuyezetsa khansa ya m'mawere, ya pachibelekero, ndi ya m'matumbo n'kofunikira kwambiri.
• Zotsatira za mayeso si matenda omaliza. Ngati zotsatira zachilendo zapezeka, kuyezetsa kwina kungafunike.
• Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za mayeso oyenera kwa inu ndi momwe mungawachitire. Musachite mantha kapena kuchita manyazi.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Kudziwa bwino nkhaniyi n'kofunika kwambiri kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wathanzi!

Mayeso a khansa , kuyezetsa khansa, kuzindikirika msanga, kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, khansa ya m'mawere, khansa ya pachibelekero, khansa ya m'matumbo, kupewa