Thandizo la mtima wanu: Kodi matenda a mtima ochiritsira matenda a mtima ndi chiyani?

Kodi mudamvapo za mawu akuti "Interventional Cardiology"? Mwina dokotala wanu watchulapo, kapena mwina mukufufuza chifukwa muli ndi vuto la mtima. Komabe, ili ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la zamankhwala. Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule, sichoncho?

Kodi Interventional Cardiology ndi chiyani? Zosavuta kwambiri!

Mwachidule, interventional cardiology ndi njira yapadera yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chubu chaching'ono kwambiri , chosinthasintha chotchedwa ``catheter``` kuti chizindikire ndikuchiza matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi . Taganizirani ngati kannula kakang'ono komwe timagwiritsa ntchito tikayika saline m'dzanja lathu, koma ``catheter`` iyi ndi chubu chopyapyala kwambiri. Ichi chimayikidwa kudzera mu imodzi mwa mitsempha yanu yamagazi. Chifukwa chake, palibe chifukwa chocheka kwambiri pakhungu ndikupanga opaleshoni. Uwu ndiye ubwino waukulu wa njira iyi.

Madokotala m'munda umenewu (timawatcha kuti interventional cardiologists) amathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Amathandizanso makanda, ana aang'ono, ndi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, monga matenda a mtima kapena matenda a mtima obadwa nawo, monga matenda a septal.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Interventional Cardiology ndi Cardiothoracic Surgery?

Ngakhale zonsezi zikugwirizana ndi mtima, pali kusiyana pang'ono.

Dokotala wa mtima wolowererapo amachita chithandizo cha ``Minimally Invasive``, chomwe ndatchula kale, pogwiritsa ntchito ``(Catheter)``, popanda kudula kwakukulu, kudzera m'bowo laling'ono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, sachita `` opaleshoni yotsegula mtima``` , yomwe imaphatikizapo kudula kwakukulu pakati pa chifuwa (``Sternotomy```).

Komabe, dokotala wa opaleshoni ya mtima ndi munthu amene amachita opaleshoni pa ziwalo zomwe zili pachifuwa, monga mtima, mapapo, ndi mmero. Amachita opaleshoni yotsegula mtima. Nthawi zina amagwiritsanso ntchito kudula ming'alu ingapo m'malo mwa kudula ming'alu imodzi yayikulu.

Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti, nthawi zambiri, akatswiri onsewa amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti asankhe njira yoyenera kwambiri yochiritsira.

Kodi dokotala wa mtima wolowererapo amachita chiyani makamaka?

Madokotala awa amagwiritsa ntchito "catheter" imeneyo pozindikira ndi kuchiza matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Njira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe bwino lomwe matendawo, pomwe zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matendawa.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe dokotala wa mtima amalamula?

Mu gawo ili makamakaImafufuza ngati magazi m'thupi lanu akugwira ntchito bwino. Imafufuza mavuto omwe akusokoneza kuyenda kwa magazi ndikuyesera kuwathetsa. Mwachitsanzo, imafufuza momwe magazi amayendera komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima wanu ("Coronary Arteries") komanso mkati mwa zipinda zamtima.

Mayeso ena omwe achitika pa izi ndi awa:

• Kujambula mitsempha ya mtima pogwiritsa ntchito CT scan (computed tomography (CT)).
• Echocardiogram (kuyesa kwa echo komwe kumachitika mkati mwa mtima).
• MRI ya mtima.
• X-ray ya pachifuwa .

Kodi Njira Yothandizira Mtima Yothandizira ndi Chiyani?

Iyi ndi njira yochizira mtima pogwiritsa ntchito `(Catheter)` yokha, popanda kudula khungu kapena kuchita opaleshoni. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kusintha valavu ya mtima kapena kukonza valavu ya mtima kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito `(Catheter)`, ndi njira yochizira mtima yolowererapo.

Kodi dokotala wa mtima wolowererapo amachita chithandizo chotani?

Pali njira zambiri zochiritsira zomwe madokotalawa amachita. Mwina munamvapo za zina mwa izo.

• Kuika katheta m'mtima: Kuwunika mtima mwa kuyika katheta m'mtima.
• Angiogram (`Angiogram` - `Peripheral` kapena `Coronary`): Madzi apadera amalowetsedwa m'mitsempha yamagazi ndipo X-ray imatengedwa kuti adziwe komwe kuli kutsekeka.
• Angioplasty: Njira yotseguliranso mtsempha wamagazi wotsekedwa mwa kuudzaza ndi chipangizo chaching'ono chonga baluni.
• Kuchotsa mafuta m'mitsempha yamagazi ( Coronary Atherectomy): Kuchotsa mafuta omwe ali m'mitsempha yamagazi .
• Kuyeza kwa Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR): Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe akuyenda chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa mtsempha wamagazi.
• Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS): Njira yomwe chipangizo chaching'ono cha ultrasound chimayikidwa mu mtsempha wamagazi.
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Njira yogwiritsira ntchito kuwala kuti ione bwino mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi.
• Kuika kwa Stent: Chubu chaching'ono cholumikizidwa mu mtsempha wamagazi wotsekedwa chomwe chatsegulidwa ndi angioplasty kuti chisatsekedwenso. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo.
• Kusintha ndi Kukonza Ma Valavu a Mtima: Izi zitha kuchitikanso ndi catheter.
• Kutsekedwa kwa Chitseko cha Atrial Kumanzere.
• Kutseka dzenje pakhoma pakati pa atria (`Atrial Septal Defect Closure`).
• Kuchotsa Mowa mu Septal.
• Kutsekedwa kwa Patent Foramen Ovale.
• Kuchepetsa Impso: Chithandizo chomwe chimayang'ana mitsempha kupita ku impso kuti chichepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Kutsekeka kwa magazi: Kusungunula magazi oundana.

Kodi chithandizo chofala kwambiri chomwe madokotala a mtima amachichita ndi chiyani?

Njira yodziwika kwambiri yomwe madokotalawa amachita ndi angioplasty ndi kuyika stent m'mitsempha yamagazi yamtima. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito catheter kuti mupeze kutsekeka kwa mtsempha wamagazi mumtima. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito chida chaching'ono ngati baluni, kutsekekako (monga, plaque yopangidwa ndi cholesterol deposits) kumakanikizidwa pakhoma la mtsempha, ndikupanga njira yoti magazi aziyenda. Kenako, ngati pakufunika, chubu cha mesh chotchedwa stent chimayikidwa pamenepo kuti chilepheretse njirayo kutsekekanso. Ichi ndi chithandizo chopulumutsa moyo kwa munthu amene wakhala ndi matenda a mtima.

Ndi matenda ndi matenda ati omwe amachiritsidwa ndi interventional cardiology?

Njira iyi imatha kuchiza matenda angapo omwe amakhudza mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Matenda a Mtima
• Kuchuluka kwa atherosclerosis
• Matenda amtima
• Matenda a Mitsempha ya Carotid (imeneyi ndi mtsempha waukulu wamagazi m'khosi)
• Matenda a Mitsempha ya Mtima
• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (kukhuthala kwa minofu ya mtima)
• Mitsempha ya Coronary Fistula (Kulumikizana kosazolowereka pakati pa mtsempha wamagazi mumtima ndi mtsempha wina wamagazi kapena gawo lina la mtima)
• Matenda a Mitsempha ya M'mitsempha ya M'mimba (kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi m'miyendo)
• Matenda a Mitsempha Osatha (Mitsempha)
• Stenosis ya Aortic Valve
• Matenda a magazi kuundana (`Matenda a Thromboembolic`)
• Aneurysm
• Mabowo pakhoma pakati pa atria (`Atrial Septal Defect`)
• Mabowo pakhoma pakati pa ma ventricle (`Ventricular Septal Defect`)

Kodi ndikufunika thandizo kuti ndikaone dokotala wa matenda a mtima?

Inde, nthawi zambiri mungafunike kutumizidwa kuchokera kwa dokotala wina kuti mukakumane ndi dokotala wa mtima. Izi zili choncho chifukwa akatswiriwa amaphunzitsidwa kuchita mayeso kapena chithandizo chomwe mukufuna.

Kodi madokotala a mtima awa amagwira ntchito kuti?

Akatswiri a mtima amagwira ntchito m'zipatala, m'zipatala zachinsinsi, komanso m'masukulu azachipatala. Ena amachitanso kafukufuku ndi kuphunzitsa ophunzira azachipatala pamene akupereka chithandizo.

Kawirikawiri, madokotala amenewa amakhalapo kuti akathandize anthu omwe ali ndi vuto ladzidzidzi, mwachitsanzo, munthu amene wadwala matenda a mtima.

Kodi maphunziro ofunikira pa matenda a mtima ndi otani?

Kugwira ntchito m'munda umenewu kumafuna zaka zambiri zophunzirira. Pambuyo pa sukulu ya zachipatala (zaka 4), omwe akuchita maphunziro a subspecialty awa amamaliza maphunziro a zaka zitatu a Internal Medicine, kenako zaka zina zitatu zophunzirira zapadera mu General Cardiology.

Pambuyo pake, mudzalandira maphunziro apadera a cardiology (`Fellowship`) osachepera chaka china mu njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ``Catheter``. Pokhapokha mudzapeza ``Certification`` kuchokera ku bungwe la zachipatala.

Madokotala ena a mtima omwe amathandizidwa ndi opaleshoni ndi mamembala a mabungwe monga Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) kapena ali ndi umembala wapadera ("Fellow"). "Fellow" ndi munthu amene wachita opaleshoni zoposa 1,000. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukuchiritsidwa ndi munthu amene waphunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani pa nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala wa matenda a mtima?

Pokhapokha ngati pachitika zadzidzidzi, dokotala wa matenda a mtima adzakudziwitsani za mavuto a mtima wanu kapena mitsempha yamagazi. Adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu komanso nthawi yomwe mwakhala nazo. Ndikofunikira kubweretsa mndandanda wa mankhwala onse omwe mumamwa (omwe amalembedwa ndi dokotala, omwe amaperekedwa kwa dokotala, mavitamini, komanso zowonjezera).

Dokotala adzakumverani mtima wanu. Adzakufunsaninso ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito fodya kapena kumwa mowa. Adzakufunsaninso ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene wakhala ndi matenda a mtima kapena vuto la mitsempha yamagazi. Akhozanso kuchita mayeso osavuta kumeneko, monga kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi anu.

Ngati mukufuna mayeso ozindikira matenda ndi/kapena chithandizo, muyenera kukonza nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala tsiku limenelo. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani chithandizo chomwe akuganiza kuti ndi choyenera kwa inu, pamodzi ndi ubwino ndi zoopsa zake. Adzakuuzaninso momwe mungakonzekerere chithandizocho. Mwachitsanzo, mungapemphedwe kuti musadye kapena kumwa kwa maola asanu ndi atatu mayeso kapena chithandizo chisanachitike.

Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha pang'ono komanso nkhawa mukauzidwa kuti muchita opaleshoni ya mtima. Koma kumbukirani, mukachita opaleshoni ya mtima, mukusamalidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito. Akhoza kusonkhanitsa chidziwitso chomwe akufunikira kuti adziwe vutoli kenako n’kulichiza popanda kuchita opaleshoni ya mtima.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chifukwa chake, matenda a mtima ndi gawo lapamwamba kwambiri komanso lothandiza kwambiri kwa odwala.

• Palibe mabala akulu: Ubwino waukulu ndi wakuti mavuto ambiri a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi amatha kuchiritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito catheter yaying'ono yokha, popanda kupanga mabala akulu.
• Kuchira mwachangu: Popeza palibe opaleshoni yayikulu yomwe imachitika, nthawi yoti munthu agone kuchipatala ndi yochepa, ndipo mutha kuchira mwachangu ndikubwerera ku moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku.
• Ukatswiri: Chithandizochi chimachitidwa ndi madokotala omwe aphunzitsidwa mwapadera pa izi.
• Musachite mantha: Ngati mwapatsidwa mankhwala otere, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwalawa bwino ndipo fufuzani tsatanetsatane wake. Kudziwa mfundo zolondola kudzakuthandizani kupewa mantha osafunikira.

Ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse la mtima, musaiwale kuonana ndi dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri. Mtima wathanzi umatanthauza moyo wathanzi!

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