Kodi mukudziwadi za "chinthu chotuwa" ichi chomwe chili muubongo mwanu? Tiyeni tikambirane za icho!

Tonsefe tikufuna kudziwa zambiri za ubongo wathu, sichoncho? Tikamalankhula za ubongo, pali ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe umagwirira ntchito. Lero tikambirana za minofu yapadera mu ubongo yomwe imatithandiza kuchita zinthu zambiri zofunika kwambiri, monga kuchita ntchito zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku, kuganiza, kukumbukira, ndi kulamulira malingaliro athu. Dzinalo limatchedwa 'Grey Matter.' Mwina mwamvapo dzinali kuchokera kwa dokotala kapena kwinakwake. Ndiye, tiyeni tiwone kuti ndi chiyani?

Kodi 'Gray Matter' iyi ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, 'Grey Matter' ndi mtundu wofunika kwambiri wa minofu mu ubongo wanu ndi msana wanu - 'Central Nervous System' yanu. Ndi yomwe imakuthandizani kuchita ntchito zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku bwino. Kodi mukudziwa zomwe zili mkati mwake? Makamaka imapangidwa ndi 'matupi ambiri a mitsempha', 'ma terminals a axon', malekezero a maselo a mitsempha, ndi 'dendrites'.

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti selo la mitsempha ('neuron') ndi chiyani. Taganizirani izi motere, selo la mitsempha lili ngati mthenga wamng'ono. Lili ndi magawo atatu akuluakulu:

• Thupi lalikulu la mitsempha . Mkati mwake muli 'nucleus'. Monga malo olamulira thupi lathu, nucleus iyi imayang'anira ntchito zonse za selo ndikusunga chidziwitso cha majini a selo.
• Axon ndi chidutswa chaching'ono, chachitali chomwe chimanyamula zizindikiro zamagetsi. Chili ngati waya wa foni womwe umanyamula mauthenga.
• Pali ma 'dendrites' ambiri, monga nthambi zomwe zimalandira mauthenga ochokera ku maselo ena. Izi ndi zomwe zimasonkhanitsa chidziwitso kuchokera ku maselo ena a mitsempha yapafupi, monga kulankhula ndi anthu oyandikana nawo.

Kotero, 'chinthu chotuwa' ichi chinatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa chili ndi maselo ambiri a mitsempha ngati ichi. Komanso, chili ndi mtundu wotuwa pang'ono.

Kodi 'Gray Matter' imayamba bwanji?

'Gray Matter' iyi imayamba kukula kuyambira ali wamng'ono kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mwana akakhala m'mimba mwa mayi ake, amayamba kukula panthawi ya 'kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo' . Kenako, mwana akabadwa, kuchuluka kwa 'Gray Matter' iyi kumawonjezeka mpaka zaka pafupifupi 8. Sikuti kumangothera pamenepo, mpaka zaka pafupifupi 20, kuchuluka kwa 'Gray Matter' iyi, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa maselo amitsempha omwe amagwirizana kwambiri, kumawonjezeka. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kumeneku ndiko kumatithandiza kukonza chidziwitso mwachangu ('high processing') ndikukula kwambiri m'maganizo.

Koma apa pali chinthu chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira. Ma neuron sadzipanganso kapena kudzikonza okha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati neuron yawonongeka kapena kufa, sipadzapangidwa yatsopano kuti ilowe m'malo mwake. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kusamalira ubongo wathu.

Kodi 'Gray Matter' ya ubongo wa munthu ndi yapadera bwanji?

Tsopano onani, machitidwe a mitsempha ya nyama zina zoyamwitsa, monga makoswe ndi ma dolphin, ndi ofanana pang'ono ndi athu. Komabe, pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe ka ubongo wa munthu. Mwawonapo zithunzi za ubongo wokhala ndi makwinya ambiri, sichoncho? Mu makwinya amenewo, madera "olowa" amatchedwa "sulci" ndipo madera "otupa" amatchedwa "gyri." Zigawo zoonda izi zotchedwa "sulci" ndi "gyri" ndi komwe maselo amitsempha pamwamba pa ubongo amakhala. Ndicho chimene timachitcha "imvi."

Taganizirani motere, kuli ngati kupindika pepala kuti liyike zinthu zambiri m'malo ang'onoang'ono. Umu ndi momwe tingayikitsire ubongo waukulu m'mutu waung'ono, ndipo zimatilolanso kusunga 'Gray Matter' yambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu ali ndi 'Gray Matter' yambiri kuposa nyama zina zoyamwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ubongo wa munthu uli ndi 'Gray Matter' pafupifupi nthawi 1000 kuposa ubongo wa mbewa! Kodi sizodabwitsa?

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa 'Grey Matter' ndi 'White Matter' ndi kotani?

Mwina munamvapo za 'White Matter'. Zonsezi, 'Grey Matter' ndi 'White Matter', ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu ubongo wanu ndi msana. Pafupifupi 40% ya ubongo wanu imapangidwa ndi 'Grey Matter', pomwe 60% yotsalayo imapangidwa ndi 'White Matter'.

• Madontho a imvi amakhala ndi maselo a neuronal ndi ma dendrite awo. Ma dendrite amenewa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tonga zala tomwe timalankhulana ndi ma neuron apafupi.
• Kumbali ina, 'White Matter' ili ndi 'axons' zazitali za maselo amitsempha. Izi ndi zomwe zimanyamula mauthenga kumadera akutali a ubongo ndi msana.

Palinso kusiyana kwa momwe imagwirira ntchito:

Popeza 'Grey Matter' ili ndi maselo ambiri a mitsempha (komwe kuli nucleus ya selo), kukonza chidziwitso kumachitika pano. Luso lapadera la anthu loganiza ndi kuganiza limachokera ku 'Grey Matter' iyi. Ndiko kuti, chilichonse chomwe timamva, kuona, kuganiza, kusuntha, kuphunzira, kulankhula, ndi kumvetsetsa chimachitika mu 'Grey Matter'.

Ntchito ya `White Matter` ndikupereka kulumikizana pakati pa madera osiyanasiyana a `Gray Matter`, komanso pakati pa `Gray Matter` ndi ziwalo zina za thupi. Monga misewu yomwe imanyamula mauthenga.

Kusiyana kwa mitundu:

`Grey Matter` imapeza mtundu wake wa imvi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa maselo amitsempha. `White Matter` imapeza mtundu wake woyera kuchokera ku chophimba choteteza chotchedwa `myelin sheath` chozungulira `axons`.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ku 'Grey Matter'?

'Grey Matter' yomwe imayenda mu dongosolo lanu lonse la mitsempha ndi yofunika kwambiri polamulira mayendedwe anu, kusunga kukumbukira, ndi kulamulira malingaliro . Madera osiyanasiyana a ubongo ali ndi udindo pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, 'Grey Matter' imagwira ntchito yayikulu pazochitika zonse za anthu.

Kodi 'Grey Matter' ili kuti?

Zinthu zotuwa zimapezeka pamwamba pa ubongo wanu, komanso mkati mwa ubongo ndi msana.

Ubongo:

Pamwamba ndi m'madera akuya a ubongo muli zinthu zotuwa. Makwinya ndi malo obisika mu ubongo - otchedwa gyri ndi sulci - amapangidwa ndi zinthu zotuwa. Zinthu zimenezi zimawonjezera malo pamwamba ndipo zimathandiza kuti maselo ambiri a mitsempha akhalepo, zomwe zimapatsa anthu ntchito yabwino kwambiri ya ubongo kuposa nyama zina zoyamwitsa.

Grey Matter imayang'ana kwambiri pa:

• Cerebellum : Iyi ndi gawo la ubongo wanu lomwe limalamulira zinthu monga mayendedwe anu ndi kukhazikika kwanu. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, cerebellum yaying'ono iyi ili ndi maselo ambiri a mitsempha kuposa ziwalo zina zonse za ubongo wanu pamodzi!
• `Ubongo` : Ichi ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la ubongo. Chimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kuganiza, kupanga zisankho, chilankhulo, ndi kukumbukira.
• `Brainstem` : Izi zimalumikiza ubongo ndi msana. Gawoli limayang'anira ntchito zofunika monga kupuma ndi kugunda kwa mtima.

Msana:

`Grey Matter` ndi kapangidwe konga nyanga komwe kali mkati mwa msana (zoyera zili kunja). Mu msana, kagawidwa m'magawo enaake:

• Chigawo cha imvi chakutsogolo : Ichi ndi chomwe chimatumiza zizindikiro ku minofu ndikuwongolera mayendedwe.
• `Mzere wa imvi wa kumbuyo` : Apa ndi pomwe timalandira zinthu monga kukhudza, kupweteka, ndi kutentha kuchokera mthupi.
• `Mzere wakuda wa m'mbali` : Izi zikugwirizana ndi dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha, kutanthauza, zinthu zomwe sitizilamulira mwadala (monga kugunda kwa mtima, thukuta).

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa kutayika/kutayika kwa zinthu zoyera?

Maselo a mitsempha mu 'Gray Matter' akamwalira, 'amachepa' , kutanthauza kuti kukula kwake kumachepa. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe maselo a mitsempha amafa ndichakuti amasowa magazi . Chifukwa maselo a mitsempha awa amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse, amafunikira mpweya wambiri (wochokera m'magazi) kuti agwire bwino ntchito. Ngati magazi atsekedwa mwadzidzidzi, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha 'stroke' kapena 'kutuluka magazi muubongo' , maselowa amatha kufa kapena kuwonongeka.

Maselo a mitsempha ya imvi amafa mwachibadwa tikamakalamba, koma ndiwo maselo okhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri m'thupi lathu.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zina zingapo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa imvi:

• Matenda a Alzheimer's : Uwu ndi mkhalidwe womwe mitundu iwiri ya mapuloteni - amyloid protein ndi tau protein - imadziunjikira molakwika muubongo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti maselo amitsempha mu imvi afe.
• Matenda a Parkinson : Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kutayika kwa maselo a mitsempha mu gawo la ubongo lotchedwa substantia nigra, lomwe lili ndi imvi. Ndi matenda omwe amakhudza kuyenda.
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS) : Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti MS ndi matenda ochotsa myelin omwe amakhudza zinthu zoyera. Komabe, kafukufuku watsopano wasonyeza kuti imawononganso zinthu zoyera, makamaka zinthu zoyera zomwe zili mkati mwa ubongo.
• Kuvulala kwa Ubongo Koopsa (TBI) : Kuvulala kwambiri kumutu kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa imvi chifukwa cha kutuluka magazi mkati mwa ubongo . Izi zingayambitsenso njira yotchedwa apoptosis (imfa yokonzedwa ndi maselo) .

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimafala kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa 'Gray Matter'?

Kawirikawiri, kuwonongeka kwa imvi kungayambitse zizindikiro monga:

• Kutaya kukumbukira : Nthawi zina mumaiwala zinthu, eti? Zinthu zazing'ono zimakhala zachilendo. Koma pamene imvi yawonongeka, kuiwala kumeneku kumatha kukhala koopsa kwambiri, ndipo mwina simungathe kukumbukira zinthu zatsopano.
• `Kulephera kuzindikira` : Izi zikutanthauza mavuto a chilankhulo (kuvutika kupeza mawu, kuvutika kumvetsetsa zomwe zikunenedwa), kuvutika kuganizira, kuvutika kuganiza ndi kupanga zigamulo mwanzeru, komanso kuvutika kupanga zisankho zovuta.
• Mavuto a minofu : Zingakhale zovuta kuchita ntchito zomwe zimafuna luso la minofu (monga kutseka shati, kulemba, kugwira chikho).

Kodi mungayang'ane bwanji thanzi la 'Gray Matter'?

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) kuti aone thanzi la imvi yanu ndi yoyera. Kuyesa kumeneku kungathandize kuzindikira matenda monga matenda a Parkinson ndi multiple sclerosis (MS).

Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso ena omwe angayang'ane thanzi ndi ntchito ya imvi ndi awa:Ndi `functional MRI (fMRI)` ndi `positron emission tomography (PET)` .

Kodi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zoyera kungachiritsidwe?

Izi ndi zomvetsa chisoni pang'ono. Mwatsoka, pakadali pano palibe njira yochiritsira kapena kubwezeretsa kuwonongeka kwa imvi. Monga ndanenera kale, maselo amitsempha akamwalira, sabadwanso. Komanso, maselo amitsempha sagawanika ndikuchulukana ngati maselo ena m'thupi lathu.

Kotero, njira yokhayo yothetsera mavuto okhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kapena kutayika kwa imvi ndikuwongolera zizindikiro.

Kodi mungatani kuti 'Gray Matter' ikhale yathanzi?

Koma, sitiyenera kutaya chiyembekezo! Ngakhale kuti sitingathe kuletsa kwathunthu kutayika kwa zinthu zoyera, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe tingachite kuti gawo lofunikali la ubongo wathu likhale lathanzi.

Kupereka magazi ndi mpweya wabwino ndikofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi la 'Gray Matter'. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuthana ndi zoopsa za 'matenda a mitsempha yamagazi' . Nazi zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchite izi:

• Ngati muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi), chepetsani kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse .
• Kuchepetsa kumwa mowa .
• Kusunga kulemera koyenera komwe kungakuyenerereni.
• Kugona bwino usiku .
• Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi cholesterol m'magazi .
• Pewani kusuta , kapena siyani ngati mwasiya.
• Kuyesa kuchepetsa nkhawa .

Ngakhale kuti imvi imachepa mwachibadwa ndi ukalamba, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu azaka 65 kapena kuposerapo omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi imvi yambiri kuposa omwe sachita. Umboniwu ukusonyeza kuti kukhalabe ndi thupi lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kungathandize kuti imvi yanu ikhale yathanzi komanso kukuthandizani kukhala ndi moyo wautali.

Komanso, kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano ndi luso latsopano kwa milungu ingapo, osati maola ochepa okha, kungathandize thanzi la "Gray Matter" yanu. Ngakhale kuti mtundu uwu wa kusonkhezera maganizo supanga maselo atsopano a mitsempha, ukhoza kupanga kulumikizana kwatsopano pakati pa maselo a mitsempha omwe alipo. Izi zimatchedwa "brain plasticity / neuroplasticity."

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

'Grey Matter' ndi minofu yofunika kwambiri muubongo wanu ndi msana yomwe imakulolani kuti mulumikizane ndi dziko lozungulirani. Ndiwo maziko a ntchito zonse zamaganizo. Matenda osiyanasiyana amatha kukhudza 'Grey Matter' yanu. Komabe, nthawi zonseMungathandize kuteteza thanzi la ubongo wanu mwa kutsatira moyo wathanzi, monga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kukhala ndi kulemera koyenera.

Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zomwe mukuganiza kuti zikugwirizana ndi vuto la ubongo, chonde pitani kwa dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri. Ndicho chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite.

Ubongo , Imvi, Thupi la Mitsempha, Maselo a Mitsempha, Msana, Kukumbukira, Kuganiza, Thanzi la Ubongo, Zinthu Zoyera, Matenda a Mitsempha