Kodi nthawi zina mumamva ngati pali vuto m'thupi lanu, ngati kuti mahomoni anu atha ntchito? Mwina ndi chifukwa cha kachiwalo kakang'ono muubongo wanu. Kachiwalo aka kakagwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kamatha kukhudza ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi lanu, monga kukula, kagayidwe kachakudya, ndi kubereka. Lero tikulankhula za kachiwalo ka pituitary komwe kamagwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kapena hyperpituitarism.
Kodi Pituitary Gland ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, pituitary gland ili ngati malo owongolera omwe amalamulira ntchito ya thupi lathu. Ndi gland yofanana ndi nandolo yomwe ili pansi pa ubongo wathu. Ndi mutu wa dongosolo lathu la endocrine. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina imatchedwa "master gland". Imalamulira magwiridwe antchito a gland zina zofunika monga chithokomiro, adrenal gland, ndi gonadal glands.
Taganizirani za thermostat yomwe ili m'nyumba mwathu. Imayang'ana kutentha kwa nyumba nthawi zonse ndikutumiza zizindikiro ku chotenthetsera ndi choziziritsira kuti zikhale pamlingo womwewo, sichoncho? Gland ya pituitary imagwiranso ntchito mofanana. Imayang'anira nthawi zonse momwe thupi lathu limagwirira ntchito ndikutumiza zizindikiro ku ziwalo ndi ma gland za ntchito yoti ichite, nthawi yake, komanso kuchuluka kwake. Zizindikiro izi ndi zomwe timatcha mahomoni .
Ubongo wa pituitary umalumikizana ndi gawo la ubongo wathu lotchedwa hypothalamus. Ubongo umauza pituitary gland ngati itulutse mahomoni enaake.
Kodi mahomoni akuluakulu opangidwa ndi pituitary gland ndi ati?
Chiwalo cha pituitary chimapangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu. Chigawo chilichonse chimapanga mahomoni osiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili ndi zomwe zimawachitikira.
| Gawo la gland | Homoni | Ntchito yaikulu |
|---|---|---|
| Lobe Yam'mbuyo (Pafupifupi 80% ya gland) | Homoni ya adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) | Zimathandizira kuti adrenal glands ipangidwe, makamaka kupanga mahomoni opsinjika a cortisol, omwe amayang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi chitetezo chamthupi. |
| Hormone Yokula (GH) | Imalamulira kukula kwa thupi (makamaka mwa ana), kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi, ndi kapangidwe ka thupi (mafuta, minofu). | |
| Hormone Yolimbikitsa Chithokomiro (TSH) | Zimathandiza kuti chithokomiro chizigwira ntchito bwino komanso zimathandiza kupanga mahomoni a chithokomiro, omwe amalamulira mphamvu za thupi. | |
| Gonadotropins (LH ndi FSH) | Mazira ndi machende amalimbikitsidwa kupanga mahomoni ogonana ofunikira pakubereka. | |
| Prolactin | Zimathandiza kuti mkaka wa m'mawere upangidwe pambuyo pobereka. | |
| Lobe wapakati | Homoni yolimbikitsa melanocyte | Zimakhudza mtundu wa khungu. |
| Lobe Yakumbuyo | Homoni yoletsa diuretic (ADH) | Amalamulira bwino madzi ndi ma electrolyte m'thupi. |
| Oxytocin | Imawongolera kupweteka kwa chiberekero ndi kutulutsa mkaka wa m'mawere panthawi yobereka. |
Ndi matenda ati omwe amapezeka pamene pituitary gland ikugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso?
Pamene pituitary gland imagwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, ndiko kuti, ikapanga mahomoni ambiri, matenda osiyanasiyana amatha kuchitika. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi chotupa chosakhala cha khansa (chosaopsa) chomwe chimayamba m'chiwalocho. Ichi chimatchedwa pituitary adenoma .
Izi ndi zina mwa matenda akuluakulu omwe angachitike chifukwa cha izi:
- Matenda a Cushing: Ngati pituitary gland imatulutsa ACTH yambiri, ma adrenal glands amatulutsa cortisol yambiri, zomwe zingasokoneze kagayidwe ka thupi ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.
- Acromegaly: Matenda omwe amapezeka pamene kuchuluka kwa mahomoni okulira m'thupi (GH) kwakwera kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mafupa ndi minofu zikule modabwitsa.
- Hyperthyroidism: Ngati chotupa cha pituitary chimatulutsa TSH yochuluka (izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri), chithokomiro chimayamba kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Izi zingayambitse zinthu monga kagayidwe kachakudya kambiri, kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira, komanso nkhawa.
- Prolactinoma: Chotupa mu pituitary gland chomwe chimayambitsa kutulutsa kwambiri mahomoni a prolactin. Izi zingakhudze njira yoberekera mwa akazi ndi amuna.
Popeza matenda amenewa akhoza kukhala aakulu, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi.
Kodi zizindikiro za matenda amenewa ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi vuto lililonse zimasiyana. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili. Onani ngati muli ndi zizindikirozi.
| Mkhalidwe | Zizindikiro Zotheka |
|---|---|
| Matenda a Cushing |
|
| Acromegaly |
*Zikachitika izi kwa ana, zimatchedwa 'gigantism.' Amatha kukula modabwitsa. |
| Hyperthyroidism |
|
| Prolactinoma | Kwa akazi:
Kwa amuna:
*Pa mbali zonse ziwiri: Mutu ndi mavuto a masomphenya zimatha kuchitika (chifukwa cha kukula kwa chotupa ndikukankhira mitsempha ya maso). |
Hyperpituitarism mwa ana
Matendawa ndi osowa kwambiri mwa ana. Akachitika, nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha chotupa chaching'ono chomwe sichili ndi khansa chotchedwa pituitary microadenoma. Matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana ndi prolactinoma.
- Kwa atsikana: Kuchedwa kutha msinkhu komanso kutha kwa msambo (amenorrhea) kungachitike.
- Kwa anyamata: Pamene chotupa chikukula ndikukankhira mitsempha, chingayambitse mutu, mavuto a maso, ndi mavuto ena. Chingayambitsenso kuchedwa kwa msinkhu kapena mavuto a kukula.
Kodi zifukwa zake ndi ziti?
Matenda a hyperpituitarism nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha chotupa mu pituitary gland. Sizikudziwika chifukwa chake chotupachi chimachitika.
- Zotupa zosavulaza: Ichi ndiye chifukwa chofala kwambiri. Kutengera mtundu wa selo lomwe chotupacho chimapangidwira, chimayamba kutulutsa mahomoni amodzi kapena awiri mopitirira muyeso.
- Matenda obadwa nawo: Nthawi zina, zotupazi zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda obadwa nawo monga Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) .
- Khansa: Nthawi zambiri, chotupa cha khansa kapena matenda a hypothalamus angayambitse izi.
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji vutoli?
Tsopano, mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala yemwe ali ndi zizindikirozi, adzatenga mbiri yanu ya moyo ndikumvetsera zizindikiro zanu. Pambuyo pake, angakufunseni mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire matendawa.
- Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo: Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumayesa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi kapena mkodzo wanu. Mwachitsanzo, kumayesa kuchuluka kwa prolactin, cortisol, ndi hormone yokulira.
- Kujambula Zithunzi: Ngati mayeso a labu akusonyeza chotupa, kujambulidwa kungachitike kuti kutsimikizire. Izi zitha kusonyeza komwe chotupacho chili komanso kukula kwake.
- Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Iyi ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
- Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography): Ngati mwaika chinthu chonga pacemaker, CT scan ikhoza kuchitidwa chifukwa MRI singathe kuchitidwa.
Kodi chimachiritsidwa bwanji?
Kutengera ndi vuto lanu, njira imodzi kapena zingapo zochiritsira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi.
Mankhwala
Nthawi zina, mankhwala amaperekedwa kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, pa nkhani ya prolactinoma, mankhwala amaperekedwa kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa prolactin ndikuchepetsa chotupa. Nthawi zina mankhwala amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa zotupa zazikulu musanachite opaleshoni.
Opaleshoni
Pa matenda monga acromegaly kapena Cushing's syndrome, chotupacho chimachotsedwa opaleshoni. Opaleshoni yofala kwambiri imatchedwa transsphenoidal adenomectomy . Pankhaniyi, dokotalayo amadula pang'ono kudzera m'mphuno kapena pakamwa lapamwamba, amafika ku pituitary gland, ndikuchotsa chotupacho. Ngakhale kuti opaleshoniyi ndi yovuta kwambiri, chiŵerengero cha kupambana chimakhala choposa 80% akachitidwa ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito.
Chithandizo cha radiation
Kwa iwo omwe sangathe kuchitidwa opaleshoni, kapena ngati mbali zina za chotupacho zatsala pambuyo pa opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyang'ana kuwala kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pa chotupacho ndikuwononga maselo.
Kodi chiyembekezo chili bwanji?
Kwa anthu ambiri, chiyembekezo cha vutoli ndi chabwino. Ngakhale kuti silingathe kuchiritsidwa, ndi chithandizo choyenera, anthu ambiri amatha kuwongolera zizindikiro zawo ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, wachimwemwe, komanso wopindulitsa. Nthawi zina, mungafunike kumwa mankhwala kapena kukhala pansi pa utsogoleri wa dokotala kwa nthawi yayitali. Chofunika kwambiri ndikukhala nthawi zonse ndi dokotala wanu ndikumudziwitsa za kusintha kulikonse kwa zizindikiro zanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Chiwalo cha pituitary chili ngati "cholamulira wamkulu" wa thupi lathu. Mahomoni omwe chimatulutsa amalamulira ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi lathu.
- Ngati gland iyi ikugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, matenda osiyanasiyana monga hyperpituitarism, Cushing's syndrome, ndi acromegaly amatha kuchitika.
- Ngati muwona kusintha kwadzidzidzi komanso kosazolowereka pazinthu monga kulemera kwa thupi, mawonekedwe a nkhope, kapangidwe ka khungu, kapena kusamba, samalani nazo.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, musachite mantha. Pitani kwa dokotala pasadakhale ndipo mupeze upangiri.
- Ndi matenda oyenera komanso chithandizo choyenera, matenda ambiriwa amatha kuthetsedwa bwino ndipo anthu amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino.
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