Kodi mudamvapo za Blood-Brain Barrier, chomwe ndi chitetezo chachikulu cha ubongo wanu?

Ubongo ndiye chiwalo chamtengo wapatali komanso chovuta kwambiri m'thupi lathu, sichoncho? Choncho kusunga ubongo uwu kukhala wathanzi n'kofunika kwambiri. Monga momwe nyumba yathu ilili ndi khoma ndi chipata choutetezera, ubongo wathu ulinso ndi chitetezo chapadera. Ndicho chimene timachitcha chotchinga magazi ndi ubongo kapena ``Blood-Brain Barrier'', ``(BBB)'' mwachidule. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za choteteza chodabwitsa ichi mwatsatanetsatane .

Kodi chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo n'chiyani?

Mwachidule, chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo (BBB) ​​​​ndi chitetezo cha maselo chomwe chimateteza mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi muubongo wanu. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa ubongo wathu ndi dongosolo lamanjenje.

Ngakhale dzinalo limati "chotchinga," kwenikweni si khoma lokha. Lili ngati fyuluta, ngati mlonda muubongo . Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuletsa zinthu zovulaza kuti zisalowe ndikusunga zabwino. Limalamuliranso momwe mankhwala osiyanasiyana (omwe timapanga komanso omwe timatenga kuchokera kunja) amalowera ndikutuluka muubongo. Kodi sizodabwitsa zimenezo?

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pa chotchinga cha magazi-ubongo (BBB)?

Mkati mwa mitsempha yathu yamagazi, muli gawo lapadera la maselo lotchedwa endothelium. Komabe, m'mitsempha yamagazi mkati mwa ubongo, endothelium iyi ndi yosiyana pang'ono.

Maselo a endothelial awa omwe ali mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi muubongo amalumikizidwa pamodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti palibe ngakhale malo ochepa. Umu ndi momwe chotchinga chanu cha magazi ndi ubongo (BBB) ​​​​chimapangidwira. Maselo awa amadzazidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti palibe chomwe chingadutse popanda thandizo. Nembanemba yakunja ya maselo awa imapangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mafuta. Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri, ndipo tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingadutse mu chotchinga cha magazi-ubongo (BBB)?

Zinthu zina ndi zazing'ono kwambiri, ndiko kuti, zimatha kudutsa mu `(BBB)` iyi. Zinthu zina zimatha kudutsa chifukwa zimakhala `(mafuta-kusungunuka)` . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mafuta a chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo amatha kuwatenga popanda kukanidwa. Komabe, zimakhala zovuta kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri, kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasungunuka m'madzi, tidutse mu `(BBB)` iyi tokha.

Taganizirani izi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kulowa m'maselo a endothelial omangika bwino, chifukwa palibe malo okwanira. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasungunuka m'madzi timavutika kulowa m'magazi a BBB, chifukwa ma nembanemba a maselo a BBB amakhala ndi mafuta, ndipo amachotsa zinthu zosungunuka m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasungunuka m'madzi ngati michere tikufuna kulowa muubongo, timafunika thandizo lapadera loyendera .

Nazi mitundu ina ya mankhwala ndi zinthu zomwe zingadutse mu BBB (mwina payekha kapena ndi thandizo):

• Mowa
• Mankhwala oletsa ululu
• Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo
• Mankhwala oletsa nkhawa
• Mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala
• Mankhwala ochizira khunyu kapena khunyu
• Kafeini
• Acetaminophen ndi mankhwala ambiri oletsa kutupa (NSAIDs)
• Mapiritsi ogonetsa ndi mankhwala ogonetsa (monga barbiturates, benzodiazepines)

Mndandandawu umaphatikizapo magulu ochepa chabe a mankhwala omwe angadutse BBB. Magulu ena ambiri a mankhwala amatha kuchita izi. Ndipotu, mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe zingadutse BBB ndi wautali kwambiri. Malinga ndi njira zomwe zilipo pano, mitundu pafupifupi 5,000 ya mankhwala (kuphatikizapo mankhwala) yapezeka yomwe ingadutse BBB. Izi zimadziwika pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms ndi mapulogalamu ovuta kwambiri apakompyuta.

Ndiye, ndi chiyani chomwe sichingadutse mu chotchinga cha magazi-ubongo (BBB)?

Kawirikawiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda , monga mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi, komanso zinthu zambiri zapoizoni, sizingadutse mu BBB. Ichi ndiye chitetezo chachikulu chomwe BBB ili nacho.

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo?

Ngakhale kuti chotchinga chanu cha magazi ndi ubongo (BBB) ​​​​ndi chotetezeka kwambiri, sichili changwiro 100%. Chingathe kufooka ndi matenda monga kutupa. Matenda ena amathanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya BBB. Ngati izi zitachitika, zinthu zoopsa kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingalowe mu ubongo. (Komabe, nthawi zina izi zingakhale zothandiza. Mwachitsanzo, maantibayotiki monga penicillin omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a mu ubongo amatha kulowa mosavuta BBB ikafooka.)

Zinthu zomwe zimafooketsa umphumphu wa BBB zimaphatikizapo matenda owopsa komanso osatha.

Zochitika zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya `(BBB)` nthawi yomweyo

Awa ndi mavuto azaumoyo omwe amachitika mwadzidzidzi kapena omwe achitika posachedwapa. Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:

• Khansa ya muubongo
• Matenda a muubongo (monga Encephalitis, Meningitis)
• Kuvulala mutu, makamaka kuvulala mutu ndi kuvulala koopsa muubongo (TBI)
• Kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide m'magazi (Hypercapnia)
• Cerebral hypoxia (kusowa kwa mpweya ku ubongo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya m'magazi)
• Stroke
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu, makamaka matenda opitilira a khunyu otchedwa ``Status Epilepticus''

Zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya `(BBB)` pakapita nthawi

Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhalapo nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina miyezi, zaka, kapena moyo wonse. Zitsanzo:

• Matenda a Alzheimer
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• Matenda a m'mapapo otchedwa Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a mtima.
• Khunyu
• Matenda a Frontotemporal Dementia
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP)
• Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (Hyperglycemia) ndi matenda ena ofanana ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2
• Kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi m'magazi (Hyperlipidemia)
• Matenda a Multiple Sclerosis
• Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)
• Matenda a Parkinson

Akatswiri akuganiza kuti matenda ena ambiri osatha angakhudze BBB, koma kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti atsimikizire izi.

Kodi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za kuwonongeka kwa chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo (BBB) ​​​​ndi ziti?

Ndipotu, pakadali pano palibe njira yodziwira bwino vuto la BBB. Mayeso ena a labotale, makamaka omwe amafufuza madzi a m'mitsempha ya ubongo, angasonyeze vuto la BBB mwanjira ina. Komabe, nthawi zambiri matenda omwe amakhudza kusweka kwa BBB amapezeka ndi zizindikiro zina zosagwirizana ndi chotchingacho.

Akatswiri tsopano akuyesera kuona ngati angathe kufooketsa BBB kwakanthawi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound. Ngati zimenezo zingatheke, tinthu tina muubongo tidzatha kusakanikirana ndi magazi ndikupezeka mosavuta. Mwina tinthu timeneti tingakhale chinsinsi chodziwira msanga zinthu monga khansa ya muubongo, matenda a Alzheimer, ndi matenda a Parkinson. Zingathandizenso mankhwala ena kulowa muubongo kuti achiritse zinthu monga khansa. Komabe, kafukufukuyu akadali kumayambiriro kwake. Pakufunika kafukufuku wambiri kuti adziwe ngati izi n'zotheka.

Kodi pali mankhwala ofala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a ubongo ndi magazi (BBB)?

Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala omwe amayang'ana mwachindunji chotchinga magazi ndi ubongo wanu (BBB). M'malo mwake, madokotala amachiza matenda omwe angasokoneze BBB. Nazi zitsanzo zina:

• Mankhwala ochizira kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yambiri, kapena shuga wambiri m'magazi.
• Chithandizo chobwezeretsa kuyenda kwa magazi muubongo pambuyo pa sitiroko ya ischemic, yomwe imachitika pamene magazi opita ku gawo lina la ubongo asokonekera chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa mtsempha wamagazi.
• Mankhwala oletsa kupweteka kwa mutu.
• Chithandizo cha khansa ya muubongo.

Kodi ndingatani kuti ndisunge thanzi la chotchinga changa cha magazi ndi ubongo (BBB)?

Ndipotu, palibe njira yopewera mwachindunji kusokonezeka kwa `(BBB)`. M'malo mwake, chinthu chabwino kwambiri kuchita ndikupewa mikhalidwe kapena zochitika zomwe zingasokoneze `(BBB)`. Nazi zina zomwe mungachite:

• Idyani zakudya zoyenera komanso kukhala ndi kulemera koyenera. Matenda omwe amakhudza thanzi la magazi, makamaka sitiroko, amatha kusokoneza chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo. Kusunga kulemera koyenera komwe kukugwirizana ndi upangiri wa dokotala wanu ndikofunikira kwambiri. Izi zingathandize kupewa sitiroko, kapena kuchedwetsa kapena kuchepetsa kuopsa kwake. Zimathandizanso kuteteza BBB yanu.
• Musanyalanyaze matenda.Matenda m'malo monga m'maso ndi m'makutu amatha kufalikira ndikuyambitsa kutupa, zomwe zingasokoneze BBB. Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, matendawa angalowe muubongo ndikuyambitsa matenda oopsa, ngakhale oopsa.
• Valani zida zodzitetezera. Kuvulala mutu kungasokoneze BBB. Kuvala zida zodzitetezera - makamaka zipewa ndi malamba achitetezo (kapena zingwe zina zodzitetezera) mukakwera magalimoto - kungathandize kupewa kuvulala mutu komwe kungawononge BBB yanu.
• Konzani thanzi lanu. Matenda a nthawi yayitali monga matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2, kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yambiri, ndi khunyu zimatha kuwononga BBB ndi mitsempha yamagazi yozungulira. Kusamalira matendawa, kaya ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala ena, ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri yomwe mungachite kuti muteteze chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo wanu.

Kodi madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito bwanji zomwe amadziwa zokhudza chotchinga magazi ndi ubongo (BBB)?

"(BBB)` yanu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pochiza matenda ambiri mkati ndi kunja kwa ubongo. Chifukwa, ngati mankhwala ambiri - makamaka mankhwala - angadutse mu `(BBB)`, amatha kukhudza ubongo wanu mwanjira ina.

Nthawi zina, madokotala amafunika kugwira ntchito mozungulira BBB. Izi zili choncho chifukwa nthawi zina BBB imachita zomwe ikuyenera kuchita! Mankhwala omwe amatha kuchiza matenda kapena khansa mkati mwa ubongo sangathe kudutsa BBB.

Monga yankho, akatswiri akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe adapangidwa mwapadera kuti apewe BBB. Monga "njira ya Trojan horse," mankhwalawa "amayikidwa" pamaselo oteteza thupi kapena tinthu tina tomwe timatha kudutsa mu BBB ndikuperekedwa ku ubongo. Ndi anzeru kwambiri, eti?

Timagwiritsanso ntchito njira zathu zachilengedwe zopangira mankhwala kuti tipewe BBB. Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a levodopa pochiza matenda a Parkinson. Matenda a Parkinson amapezeka pamene mbali zina za ubongo sizili ndi dopamine yokwanira, yomwe imafunika kuti minofu iyende bwino. Dopamine singadutse BBB, koma levodopa imatha. Ikalowa mu ubongo, levodopa imasinthidwa kukhala dopamine. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda a Parkinson.

Ndani anapeza chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo (BBB)? Kodi anachipeza bwanji ngati chinali chaching'ono chonchi?

Magwero ambiri amati kupezeka kwa chotchingachi kunachokera kwa asayansi monga Paul Ehrlich kapena Max Lewandowsky kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Komabe, mawu akuti "chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo" adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mu pepala la 1921 lolembedwa ndi Lina Shtern (nthawi zina amalembedwa kuti "Stern") wa ku Russia (tsopano ku Latvia) ndi dokotala wa ku Switzerland Raymond Gautier.

Kafukufuku wa Stern ndi Gautier anathandizidwa ndi zithunzi zoyambirira za maikulosikopu ya elekitironi zomwe zinajambulidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi 1970, zomwe zinafotokoza momveka bwino kapangidwe ka BBB mu ubongo wa nyama ndi wa anthu.

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chotchinga cha ubongo ndi magazi (BBB) ​​​​ndi maselo omwe amazungulira mitsempha yamagazi m'malo ambiri a ubongo wanu ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati fyuluta. Ndi khoma lofunika kwambiri loteteza ubongo wathu. Limathandiza kuti zinthu zambiri zoipa zisalowe komanso zinthu zambiri zabwino zilowe.

Komabe, izi siziri zokwanira. Matenda ambiri amatha kukhudza izi. Komanso, madokotala ayenera kusamala ndi ``(BBB)`` iyi akamachiza matenda aliwonse m'thupi, osati muubongo wokha.

Ngakhale akatswiri apeza zambiri zokhudza BBB, kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti amvetse bwino momwe imagwirira ntchito. Kumvetsetsa momwe imagwirira ntchito mkati mwake kungatsegule chitseko chopezera mankhwala othandiza pa matenda ambiri okhudzana ndi ubongo. Kenako, BBB yanu idzakhala chotchinga ku zinthu zomwe zikukupwetekani, osati chotchinga ku mankhwala omwe akukuthandizani. Chifukwa chake, musaiwale kuti kusamalira thanzi lanu lonse kudzakuthandizani kuteteza thanzi la BBB iyi!

Chotchinga cha Ubongo ndi Magazi, Chitetezo cha Ubongo, Mitsempha ya Magazi mu Ubongo, Dongosolo la Mitsempha, Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa mu Ubongo, Ntchito ya BBB