Mayeso ofufuza mtima: Tiyeni tiphunzire za Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE)!

Kodi dokotala wanu walamula kuti muyesedwe mwapadera kuti muwone ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse la mtima wanu? Ikhoza kukhala mayeso a `(Transesophageal Echocardiogram)`, kapena monga momwe timatchulira `(TEE)`. Ngakhale kuti zingamveke zachilendo pang'ono, ndi njira yomwe imakulolani kuwona momwe mtima wanu ulili bwino, kuchokera mkati. Chifukwa chake mutha kukhala ndi mantha pang'ono kapena chidwi ndi izi. Tiyeni tikambirane za mayeso a `(TEE)` awa mosavuta, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi mayeso awa (TEE) ndi otani? Kodi amachitika bwanji?

Mwachidule, Transesophageal Echocardiogram ndi mayeso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amawu kujambula zithunzi za mtima wanu. Iyi ndi mayeso a echo. Koma ndi yosiyana pang'ono ndi Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE) yodziwika bwino yomwe imachitidwa pachifuwa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zithunzizo zimatengedwa kuchokera mkati mwa thupi.

Dokotala, chida chopyapyala, chachitali chofanana ndi chubu, timachitcha kuti ``Endoscope,'' chimayikidwa mosamala pakhosi panu mu chitoliro chanu cha chakudya (m'mimba). Kumapeto kwa chubu ichi pali ``Transducer'' yaying'ono. ``Transducer'' iyi imatulutsa mafunde amawu. Mafunde amawu awa amagunda mbali zosiyanasiyana za mtima ndikuwonekeranso, ngati mawu. ``Transducer'' imatenga mafunde obwererawo ndikuwatumiza ku kompyuta. Kompyutayo imasintha detayo kukhala zithunzi. Zithunzizi zimasonyeza mawonekedwe ndi ntchito ya mtima mwatsatanetsatane.

Nthawi zina madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zotchedwa Doppler ultrasound ndi Color Doppler pamodzi ndi mayeso a TEE. Izi zimatha kuyeza molondola liwiro ndi komwe magazi amayenda kudzera mumtima.

Kodi madokotala amapeza chiyani ndi mayeso awa (TEE)?

Kuyesa kwa `(TEE)` kumeneku kungapereke chithunzi chomveka bwino cha kapangidwe ka mtima, kutanthauza momwe ziwalo zake zimakhazikitsidwira, ndi momwe mtima ukugwirira ntchito. Izi zingathandize kuzindikira matenda osiyanasiyana ndikuthana nawo panthawi ya chithandizo. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Aortic aneurysm: Apa ndi pamene khoma la mtsempha waukulu kwambiri m'thupi lathu (aorta) limafooka ndikutupa ngati baluni.
• Magazi amaundana mumtima: Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la atrial fibrillation, makamaka, amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu woti magazi amaundana m'zipinda zapamwamba za mtima (atria).
• Matenda a mtima: Izi zitha kukhala khansa kapena zosakhala khansa.
• Matenda a mtima obadwa nawo: Izi zikutanthauza matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima omwe amapezeka pobadwa.
• Matenda a valve ya mtima: Mwachitsanzo, matenda a valve ya mitral. Valve iyi imatha kukhala yopapatiza (stenosis) kapena kutulutsa magazi kumbuyo (regurgitation). Komanso, anthu omwe ali ndi valve yopangira amatha kufufuzidwa ngati ali ndi mavuto ndi valve yawo, monga matenda kapena magazi kuundana.
• Matenda a minofu ya mtima kapena ma valve: Mwachitsanzo, matenda monga `(Infective endocarditis)`.
• Matenda a mtima: Izi zikutanthauza matenda omwe amapezeka mu thumba lochepa (pericardium) lomwe limazungulira mtima.

N’chifukwa chiyani mayeso awa (TEE) amachitidwa? Kodi ndi nthawi ziti?

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe mayeso a TEE angachitikire. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

1. Ngati echocardiogram (TTE) yokhazikika sikokwanira: Pambuyo pochita echocardiogram (TTE) yokhazikika pachifuwa panu, dokotala wanu angafunike kuwona bwino mtima wanu. Pazochitika zotere, mayeso a TEE angachitike kuwonjezera pa TTE kuti athandize kuzindikira vuto la mtima kapena kukonzekera chithandizo.

Tangoganizani kuti mukuyenda mumsewu ndipo mukuona mbale zokongola m'sitolo kudzera mugalasi. Mutha kuona kuti mbalezo zili ndi mapangidwe a maluwa, koma sizikudziwika bwino kuti ndi maluwa ati, tsatanetsatane wake ndi wotani, chifukwa pali anthu pafupi ndipo pali galasi. Ndiye mumalowa m'sitolomo ndikuyang'ana mbalezo mosamala. Pamenepo ndi pomwe mukuwona kuti ndi maluwa a duwa.

Umu ndi momwe echocardiogram (TTE) yodziwika bwino yochitidwa pachifuwa ilili ngati kuyang'ana kudzera mugalasi m'sitolo. Ingakuuzeni zinthu zambiri. Koma TEE iyi ili ngati kulowa m'sitolo ndikunyamula mbale. Zigawo zina za mtima, makamaka zomwe zili kumbuyo, zimakhala zomveka bwino pa TEE iyi. Chifukwa chakuti mmero wanu uli kumbuyo kwa mtima wanu, ndi malo abwino kwambiri kuti transducer itumize ndikulandira mafunde a phokoso.

Ndikoyenera kuyang'ana mbali izi makamaka:

* Atrium yakumanzere: Chipinda chakumtunda chakumanzere cha mtima.

* Chiwalo cha kumanzere cha atrium (LAA): Chikwama chaching'ono chonga khutu chomwe chili kumanzere kwa atrium. Apa ndi pomwe nthawi zina magazi amaundana.

* Interatrial septum: Khoma lomwe limalekanitsa atria yakumanzere ndi yakumanja.

* Thoracic aorta: Gawo la aorta lomwe limadutsa pachifuwa.

Nthawi zina madokotala amachita TEE m'malo mwa TTE. Izi zili choncho pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• Ngati kapangidwe ka chifuwa kali pamalo omwewo, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchita TTE.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda a m'mapapo (chifukwa amatha kubisa kuona kwa mtima).

2. Pazidzidzidzi, zochitika zoopsa: Pazidzidzidzi zina, madokotala amafunika kuona momwe mtima ulili mwachangu. Ndiye kuti `(TEE)` ndi yothandiza kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kusakhazikika kwa hemodynamic (kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi mavuto a kuyenda kwa magazi)
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi pang'ono (Hypotension)
• Kuchepa kwa mpweya m'thupi (Hypoxia)
• Zochitika zadzidzidzi zomwe zimafuna kuunikiridwa mwachangu, monga kudulidwa kwa mtsempha wamagazi.
• Pamene mukukayikira kuti muli ndi vuto la mtima.
• Mavuto ndi ma valve opangira opaleshoni (monga magazi kuundana, matenda).
• Kuvulala pachifuwa.

3. Yang'anani ngati magazi amaundana musanachite opaleshoni iliyonse yachipatala: Pochiza matenda ena a mtima (arrhythmias), monga catheter ablation kapena electrical cardioversion, TEE imachitidwa kuti ione ngati magazi amaundana mumtima musanachite opaleshoniyo. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ngati magazi amaundana, amatha kusweka panthawi ya opaleshoniyo ndikutseka mtsempha wamagazi (thromboembolism).

4. Kuthandiza pa opaleshoni ndi njira zina zachipatala: TEE ndi chida chamtengo wapatali kwambiri pa opaleshoni zina ndi njira zachipatala. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuona kapangidwe ka mtima musanachite opaleshoni ndikutsimikizira kupambana kwa opaleshoniyo ikatha. Zitsanzo:

• Opaleshoni ya matenda a mtima obadwa nawo.
• Kukonza ma valavu.
• Kusintha ma valavu.

Komanso, m'machiritso ena opangidwa ndi catheter, ndiko kuti, machiritso omwe chubu chopyapyala chimadutsa mumtsempha wamagazi kupita kumtima, TEE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'ana mkati mwa thupi ndikupereka zithunzi zenizeni kuti zitsogolere opaleshoniyo. Zitsanzo:

• `(Kusintha valavu ya aortic ya Transcatheter - TAVR)`
• `(Kukonza ma valve a mitral a Transcatheter)`
• `(Kukonza valavu ya tricuspid ya Transcatheter)`
• `(Transcatheter kumanzere kwa atrium appendage closure)`

Kodi mayeso a TEE amachitikira m'thupi? Kodi mankhwala oletsa ululu amagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Inde, TEE imaonedwa ngati mayeso olowa m'thupi chifukwa imaphatikizapo kulowetsa chipangizo m'thupi. Mungamve kusasangalala, koma chiopsezo cha mavuto aakulu ndi chochepa.

Nthawi zambiri, mayeso a TEE amangofunika mankhwala oletsa ululu komanso kupumula pang'ono . Izi zikutanthauza kuti dokotala adzapopera mankhwala oletsa kumva kupweteka kumbuyo kwa pakhosi panu. Adzakupatsaninso mankhwala olowetsedwa m'mitsempha (IV) kuti akuthandizeni kupumula.

Anthu ambiri safuna mankhwala oletsa ululu, koma ndi bwino kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu za zomwe zili bwino kwa inu.

Kodi tikugona nthawi ino? Kodi tili ndi chidziwitso?

Kuchepetsa thupi pang'ono kudzakupangitsani kumva tulo ndipo kudzakuthandizani kuti muyesedwe popanda kupweteka kwambiri. Ogwira ntchito zachipatala adzapitiriza kukuyang'anirani kuti aone ngati mukuvutika. Angakupatseni mpumulo wowonjezera ngati pakufunika.

Ngakhale mutapatsidwa `(General anesthesia)`, mudzakhala mutulo tofa nato ndipo simungakumbukire chilichonse chokhudza mayesowo. Komabe, ngati mutapatsidwa `(General anesthesia)`, muyenera kulumikizidwa ku `(makina opumira). Komanso, chifukwa mumagona tulo tofa nato, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti muchiritsidwe kuposa ndi mankhwala ochepetsa ululu pang'ono.

Kodi mayesowa amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Mayeso a TEE angatenge mphindi 90 kuti amalizidwe. Komabe,Kujambula zithunzi nthawi zambiri kumatenga pafupifupi mphindi 15.

Kodi tiyenera kukonzekera bwanji mayeso a (TEE) tisanachite?

Onetsetsani kuti mwakambirana mbiri yanu yachipatala ndi dokotala wanu. Matenda ena angapangitse kuti mayeso a TEE akhale oopsa. Onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse mwa awa:

• Khansa ya m'mero
• Matenda a m'mimba
• GERD (Kubwerera m'mbuyo kwa asidi kosatha)
• Hernia ya hiatal
• Mbiri ya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala m'mitsempha (kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala m'mitsempha)
• Mavuto omeza
• Kupuma movutikira
• Khansa ya m'mimba

Komanso, tiuzeni ngati mukumwa mankhwala a zinthu izi:

• Mavuto a tulo
• Nkhawa
• Ululu

Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani malangizo atsatanetsatane a momwe mungakonzekere mayeso a TEE. Onetsetsani kuti mwatsatira malangizo amenewo molondola. Musaope kufunsa ngati pali chilichonse chomwe simukumvetsa. Malangizowo adzaphatikizapo izi:

• Nthawi yosiya kudya ndi kumwa (nthawi zambiri maola osachepera asanu ndi limodzi mayeso asanachitike).
• Kodi muyenera kumwa liti mankhwala anu achizolowezi?
• Pewani kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa kwa kanthawi (mwina masiku angapo mayeso asanachitike).
• Zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kuchita kapena zomwe simuyenera kuchita musanayambe `(TEE)`.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani panthawi ya mayeso a (TEE)?

Izi ndi njira zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri pa mayeso a `(TEE)`:

1. Mudzapatsidwa diresi la kuchipatala kuti muvale.

2. Dokotala adzaika timatabwa tating'onoting'ono totchedwa ``Electrodes'' pachifuwa panu. Timeneti tingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anira momwe magetsi a mtima wanu akuyendera panthawi ya ``TEE''.

3. Chotsukira magazi chidzaikidwa pa mkono wanu, ndipo choyezera kuthamanga kwa magazi chidzalumikizidwa ku chala chanu kuti chiziyang'anira kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'thupi lanu.

4. Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala opaka pakhosi kuti muchepetse ululu. Dokotala adzakupoperani mankhwala pakhosi. Uwu ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu am'deralo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake simudzamva kupweteka kulikonse panthawi ya TEE.

5. Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu m'mitsempha (IV) kuti akuthandizeni kupumula.

6. Mungafunike chubu chaching'ono (kanula ya mphuno) choyikidwa m'mphuno mwanu kuti chikupatseni mpweya wabwino.

7. Mudzatembenuzidwa kumanzere kwa tebulo loyesera ndikugonekedwa pansi.

8. Dokotala adzalowetsa pang'onopang'ono ``Endoscope`` (chubu chopyapyala, chachitali, komanso chosinthasintha) mkamwa mwanu. Pamapeto pa chubu pali ``Transducer``. Chubu ichi chimatsikira pakhosi panu ndikulowa mu chitoliro chanu chodyera. Chimayikidwa mafuta kuti chikhale chosavuta kutsika. Nthawi zina mudzapemphedwa kuti mumeze kuti ``Transducer`` ifike pamalo oyenera. Izi zingawoneke ngati zosasangalatsa pang'ono, koma dokotalayo adzachita izi mosamala kwambiri. Adzakupatsani mankhwala oti pakhosi panu pakhale dzanzi, kuti musamve kupweteka kwambiri.

9. Dokotala akujambula zithunzi. Mungamve ululu. Koma `(Transducer)` ndi yosiyana.Mungamve kupanikizika pang'ono pachifuwa chanu mukamachisuntha. Gawoli limatenga pafupifupi mphindi 10-15.

10. Dokotala adzachotsa chubucho pakhosi panu ndikupitiriza kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi anu, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'thupi lanu.

11. Dikirani mpaka dokotala atakuuzani kuti mupite kunyumba.

Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani pambuyo pa mayeso a (TEE)?

Mudzafunika munthu woti akuyendetseni kunyumba mukamaliza mayeso a TEE. Simudzatha kuyendetsa galimoto kwa maola 24 chifukwa cha zotsatira za mankhwala ochepetsa ululu. Mutha kuyembekezera zotsatirazi:

• Pakhosi panu padzakhala dzanzi kwa ola limodzi. Pakapita kanthawi mudzachepa. Musadye kapena kumwa chilichonse mpaka dzanzi litatha. Ngati mudya kapena kumwa mofulumira kwambiri, mutha kutsamwa.
• Mungakhale ndi pakhosi panu kwa masiku awiri. Izi ndi zachilendo ndipo zidzatha patatha masiku ochepa. Komabe, ngati ululuwo ukupitirira kapena ukukulirakulira, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.

Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse pa njira ya (TEE)?

Anthu ena amamva kupweteka pakhosi akamaliza kuchita TEE. Kutha kukhala kwa maola angapo kapena masiku atatu kapena asanu.

Mavuto ena ndi osowa, koma ndi otheka:

• Matenda a ziwengo ku mankhwala.
• Chibayo cha mpweya chimayamba chifukwa cha chakudya kapena zakumwa zomwe zimalowa m'njira yopumira.
• Mavuto a kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena kugunda kwa mtima.
• Kutuluka magazi pang'ono m'mimba.

Musanayambe kuyezetsa magazi, ndikofunikira kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu za zoopsa za TEE.

Kodi ndingapeze bwanji zotsatira za mayeso a (TEE)?

Dokotala wanu adzakulankhulani za zotsatira za mayeso anu. Mungakhale nazo ngati gawo la zolemba zanu zachipatala zamagetsi (dongosolo la pa intaneti komwe mungathe kuwona zambiri zanu zachipatala). Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za nthawi yomwe mudzalandire zotsatirazo komanso momwe mungazisamalire.

Ndizachilendo kuti anthu ena azikhala ndi mantha pang'ono pankhani ya mayeso azachipatala. Komabe, mayeso monga Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) angathandize kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino kapena kuchiza mavuto omwe angabwere. TEE ndi mayeso ofala omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha mavuto. Ngati mukuchita TEE, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za momwe mungakonzekerere komanso zomwe mungayembekezere.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani izi.

Kuyesa kwa TEE ndi njira yapadera yomwe imakulolani kuwona mkati mwa mtima wanu bwino. Ngakhale kungawoneke ngati kosasangalatsa pang'ono, ndi kothandiza kwambiri pozindikira matenda a mtima ndikuwachiza moyenera. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena kukayikira kulikonse, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za iwo. Kenako mutha kukumana ndi mayesowa popanda mantha komanso molimba mtima.

` Transesophageal echocardiogram, TEE, mayeso a mtima, mtima, endoscope, mayeso a echo, esophagus