Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti zingamveke bwanji kuona dziko lapansi mumdima, woyera, ndi imvi zokha, popanda mitundu? Kwa anthu ena, ichi ndi chenicheni chawo cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Lero, tikukambirana za vuto la maso losowa koma lofunika kwambiri lotchedwa Achromatopsia. Chonde musachite mantha; tiyeni tigawane izi pamodzi.
Kodi Achromatopsia ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, Achromatopsia ndi vuto la maso lobadwa nalo, lomwe limabadwa nalo m'majini. Limakhudza kwambiri luso lanu lozindikira mitundu. Vutoli silimasinthasintha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri silimaipiraipira pakapita nthawi. Mwanjira ina, zimenezo n'zolimbikitsa kwambiri, sichoncho?
Tangoganizani kuti simukutha kuona maluwa okongola, thambo labuluu lozama, kapena mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya utawaleza yomwe nthawi zambiri timaiona ngati yopepuka. N'zosavuta kuona momwe izi zimakhudzira moyo wa munthu watsiku ndi tsiku.
Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana?
Inde, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya Achromatopsia:
- Achromatopsia Yathunthu: Masomphenya anu amangoyang'ana zakuda, zoyera, ndi mithunzi ya imvi, monga momwe mumaonera dziko lapansi kudzera mu filimu yakale yakuda ndi yoyera.
- Achromatopsia Yosakwanira: Apa, mungaone mtundu wina, koma umawoneka wosamveka bwino, wotsukidwa, kapena wopanda madzi—ngati chithunzi chomwe mtundu wake sunatsitsidwe. Kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa Achromatopsia ndi Color Blindness ndi kotani?
Anthu ambiri amasokoneza zinthu ziwirizi, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zachipatala.
Kusawona bwino kwa mitundu nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza anthu omwe ali ndi luso lotha kuona bwino; amaona zinthu momveka bwino koma amavutika kusiyanitsa mitundu inayake, monga yofiira ndi yobiriwira.
Komabe, Achromatopsia ndi yovuta kwambiri. Kupatula kusowa kwa mawonekedwe amitundu, anthu omwe akhudzidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la kuwona pang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maso awo amatha kukhala osawoneka bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, mayendedwe a maso ofulumira omwe amatchedwa nystagmus amatha kuchitika, zomwe zingapangitse zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku kukhala zovuta.
Mwachidule: ngati vuto la khungu losawona bwino lili ngati fyuluta yolakwika ya utoto, Achromatopsia ili ngati kukhala ndi mavuto angapo okhudzana ndi makina onse a kamera.
Kodi pali mwayi wotani woti ndikhale ndi vutoli?
Achromatopsia imachokera ku majini anu. Ngati wina m'banja mwanu—mbali ya amayi anu kapena abambo anu—ali ndi vutoli, pali mwayi woti mungakhale ndi vutoli. Makamaka, ngati makolo onse awiri ali ndi kusintha kwa majini, pali mwayi wa 1-in-4 (25%) kuti mwana aliyense abadwe ndi vutoli. Ngakhale kuti si ana onse omwe amakhudzidwa, chiopsezo cha majini chilipo.
Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa Achromatopsia?
Monga tanenera, ili ndi vuto la majini. Kumbuyo kwa diso lanu kuli retina, yomwe imagwira ntchito mofanana ndi filimu yomwe ili mu kamera. Retina ili ndi maselo apadera omwe amazindikira kuwala otchedwa photoreceptors omwe amatumiza uthenga wowona ku ubongo.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma photoreceptors:
- Ma Cone: Awa ndi "akatswiri anu a utoto." Amakuthandizani kuwona mitundu ndipo amapereka masomphenya akuthwa mumdima wowala.
- Ndodo: Izi zimagwira ntchito ngati "alonda anu ausiku," kukuthandizani kuwona m'malo opanda kuwala kwenikweni, ngakhale kuti saona mtundu.
Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi Achromatopsia, ma cones sagwira ntchito bwino.
- Mu Achromatopsia yonse, masomphenya amadalira kwambiri ndodo, ndichifukwa chake utoto supezeka.
- Mu Achromatopsia yosakwanira, ma cones amakhala ndi ntchito yotsalira pamodzi ndi ndodo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aziona mtundu mopepuka komanso mopanda kumveka bwino.
Sayansi yapeza masinthidwe angapo a majini omwe amasokoneza ntchito ya cone.
Kodi zizindikiro za Achromatopsia ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro zimasiyana malinga ndi munthu, koma nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:
- Scotomas: Mawanga akuda kapena malo osawona bwino m'munda mwanu wa maso.
- Kusawona bwino: Nthawi zambiri kumachitika limodzi ndi astigmatism.
- Kusawona mitundu: Kulephera kuona kapena kusiyanitsa mitundu.
- Kuona patali kwambiri.
- Kuopa kuwala kwa dzuwa: Kuopa kuwala kwa dzuwa kwambiri kapena kuwala kopangidwa.
- Myopia: Kuona pafupi.
- Kusawona bwino kapena kusawona bwino: Kuvutika kuona zinthu zazing'ono.
- Nystagmus: Kuyenda kwa maso mosadzifunira, mofulumira, komanso mobwerezabwereza.
Kodi zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawonekera liti mwa ana?
Kawirikawiri, kuopa kuwala kwambiri (photophobia) kumawonekera m'miyezi yoyambirira ya moyo. Mwana amatha kugwedezeka, kulira, kapena kukwinya nkhope mu kuwala kowala. Ngakhale mavuto ena a masomphenya amapezeka pobadwa, makolo nthawi zambiri amawazindikira mwanayo akamakula, chifukwa mwana wamng'ono sangadziwe bwino mawu ofotokozera kuti sangathe kuwona mitundu.
Kodi Achromatopsia imapezedwa bwanji?
Dokotala wa maso amazindikira matendawa. Inu kapena mwana wanu mukapita ku chipatala, dokotalayo amayamba ndi mbiri yonse ya banja lake komanso kuwunikanso zizindikiro zake.
Pa nthawi yoyezetsa retina, kumbuyo kwa diso kungawoneke bwino, ndichifukwa chake dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuyezetsa kwapadera kuti atsimikizire matendawa, monga:
- Kuyesa kuwona mitundu: Izi zimayesa luso lanu losiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
- Fundus autofluorescence: Kuwala kwapadera kwa buluu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza minofu ya retina kumbuyo kwa diso lanu.
- Ma electrophysiology a maso: Izi zimawunika momwe maso anu ndi mitsempha yawo imayankhira kuwala.
- Gawo lofunika kwambiri pa izi ndi Electroretinography (ERG) . Izi zimayesa momwe magetsi amayankhira maselo a cone ndi rod kuti awonekere kuwala, zomwe zimatithandiza kuwunika bwino momwe maselo anu a cone akugwirira ntchito.
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Izi zimapereka zithunzi za retina yanu, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati scan kuti ifufuzidwe mwatsatanetsatane.
- Kuyesa malo owonera: Izi zimasonyeza ngati muli ndi malo osawoneka bwino ndipo, ngati zili choncho, zimatsimikizira kukula kwawo ndi momwe maso anu amakhudzira.
Ngakhale mayesowa angamveke ovuta, chonde musakhumudwe. Gulu lathu lachipatala limagwiritsa ntchito mayesowa kuti litsimikizire kuti mwapeza matenda molondola ndikukupatsani dongosolo labwino kwambiri la chisamaliro.
Kodi pali mankhwala a Achromatopsia?
Ndikofunikira kunena mwachindunji: pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a Achromatopsia. Palibe mankhwala kapena opaleshoni yochotsera vutoli.
Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti simungathe kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso wokhutiritsa. Ayi ndithu!
Ngakhale muli ndi vutoli, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha mwa kukulitsa masomphenya anu otsala, kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha anthu, komanso kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu bwino. Gawo lofunika kwambiri ndikumvetsetsa vuto lanu ndikusintha moyo wanu kuti ugwirizane ndi zosowa zanu.
Chithandizo chimayang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera zizindikiro ndikuwonjezera chitonthozo chanu cha tsiku ndi tsiku komanso luso lanu logwira ntchito.
Zovala zapadera za maso
Njira yodziwika bwino yowongolera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi amdimaMagalasi awa amasefa kuwala kowala kwambiri kapena kosasangalatsa, komwe kumathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa zizindikiro za photophobia (kuchepa kwa kuwala). Mafelemu ena amapangidwa kuti azitha kufalikira m'mbali kuti apereke chivundikiro chokwanira, ndipo ena angaphatikizepo zishango. Ngakhale kuti angawoneke ngati magalasi a dzuwa, ndi zipangizo zachipatala zapadera zomwe zimapangidwira zosowa zanu.
Chithandizo cha maso ofooka
Ichi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro chanu. Chithandizo cha maso osawona bwino chimakuphunzitsani momwe mungayendere zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku mosamala komanso mosavuta. Zitsanzo zake ndi izi:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi zokulitsa mabuku kuti muwerenge mabuku, zikalata, ndi zinthu zina mosavuta.
- Kuphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndodo yoyera yayitali kuti muyende bwino mukamadutsa m'malo osazolowereka.
- Kupanga njira zodziwira ndikupewa zoopsa zomwe zingagwere m'malo omwe mukukhala.
- Kuzolowera mayendedwe a anthu onse ngati simungathe kuyendetsa galimoto.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyana kwambiri ; mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuda papepala loyera kungathandize kuti kuwerenga kukhale kosavuta.
Ndi maphunziro awa, mutha kukhala ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha pa moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku.
Kodi Achromatopsia ingapewedwe?
Popeza ichi ndi vuto la majini, silingathe kupewedwa. Palibe chilichonse m'zakudya zanu kapena moyo wanu chomwe chingalepheretse vutoli kuchitika.
Komabe, ngati vutoli likukhudza banja lanu ndipo mukudera nkhawa kuti mupatsire ana anu jini, mungaganizire zoyezetsa majini . Zotsatira zake zingakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa mwayi woti ana anu adzalandira matendawa, zomwe zingakhale zofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera kwanu banja.
Kodi chiyembekezo cha munthu amene ali ndi Achromatopsia ndi chotani?
Ngakhale kuti zingamveke zovuta, chiyembekezo cha anthu omwe ali ndi Achromatopsia ndi chabwino.
- Ana: Ana awa nthawi zambiri amatha kupita kusukulu wamba. Achromatopsia siikhudza luso lawo lophunzira. Komabe, angafunike thandizo kuti athetse mavuto okhudzana ndi masomphenya (monga kugwiritsa ntchito zilembo zazikulu kapena kusintha magetsi m'kalasi). Bola aphunzitsi ndi makolo ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira, palibe choletsa mwana kulandira maphunziro abwino.
- Akuluakulu: Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi Achromatopsia nthawi zambiri amakhala paokha. Mungafunike thandizo lopitilira kuti musinthe malo anu ndi ntchito zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku, koma muli ndi mphamvu zokwanira zogwirira ntchito komanso kutenga nawo mbali m'gulu la anthu.
Chofunika kwambiri ndikuonetsetsa kuti muli ndi chithandizo, kumvetsetsa, ndi zinthu zofunika kuti muchite bwino.
Kukhala ndi Achromatopsia: Malangizo Ofunika
Pali zizolowezi ndi zosintha zingapo zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukhala otetezeka, omasuka, komanso odziyimira pawokha.
Kusintha malo okhala panyumba panu:
- Kakonzedwe ka mipando: Sungani malo anu okhala opanda zinthu zambiri kuti musagwe mwangozi.
- Makatani okhuthala: Gwiritsani ntchito makatani okhuthala pawindo lanu kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwachilengedwe komwe kumalowa m'nyumba mwanu, chifukwa kuwala kowala kungakhale kovuta.
- Chepetsani kuwala: Gwiritsani ntchito utoto wosawoneka bwino pamakoma kuti muchepetse kuwala.
- Kapangidwe kake: Sungani zinthu zofunika pamalo oyenera komanso osavuta kuzifikira, mwina pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo zazikulu komanso zomveka bwino kuti zikuthandizeni kuzizindikira.
Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku:
- Pewani kuwala kowala: Yesetsani kuchepetsa zochita panja nthawi yomwe dzuwa limatuluka kwambiri. Ngati muyenera kutuluka, nthawi zonse valani maso anu apadera ndi chipewa.
- Owerenga pazenera:Ngati zowonetsera pa makompyuta kapena mafoni zikupangitsa kuti zinthu zisayende bwino chifukwa cha kuwala, ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yowerengera pazenera yomwe imawerenga zomwe zili mkati mokweza.
- Ukadaulo wothandizira: Ma scanner ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja omwe amatha kuzindikira mtundu wa zinthu angathandize kwambiri pa moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku.
- Valani chipewa chozungulira: Mukakhala panja, makamaka padzuwa, valani chipewa chokhala ndi m'mphepete kuti muteteze maso anu ku kuwala kowala komanso koopsa.
Zoganizira zomaliza
Achromatopsia ndi matenda osowa, obadwa nawo omwe amakhudza momwe mitundu imaonekera komanso mawonekedwe ake. Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta, siziyenera kulepheretsa zomwe mungathe kuchita.
Kumbukirani, mukamvetsetsa bwino, kupatsidwa maso apadera, kuphunzitsidwa bwino maso , komanso kuthandizidwa ndi okondedwa anu, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha komanso wopindulitsa.
Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akukumana ndi zizindikiro zimenezi, njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kufunsa dokotala wa maso kuti akuthandizeni. Palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa kapena kuchita manyazi. Matendawa akadziwika msanga, mudzatha kupeza chithandizo ndi chithandizo chomwe mukufuna kuchokera ku Nirogi Lanka.
Achromatopsia, Kuwona Mitundu, Kulephera Kuwona, Matenda a Majini, Retina, Maselo a Cone, Maselo a Ndodo
