Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule za ADEM (Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis): matenda oopsa komanso odzidzimutsa a mitsempha

Tangoganizani kuti inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi chimfine kapena fuluwenza ndipo mukuchira patatha masiku ochepa. Pamene aliyense akusangalala, matendawo atachepa, matenda atsopano amayamba mwadzidzidzi patatha sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri. Mwadzidzidzi, mumataya mphamvu zanu, maso anu amachepa, mumavutika kulankhula, mutu wanu umapweteka kwambiri ndipo mumayamba kusanza. Kodi tingakhale ndi mantha bwanji ngati chinthu chonga ichi chikachitika? Lero, tikulankhula za matenda oopsa omwe angakayikidwe panthawi yoteroyo, ngakhale kuti ndi osowa, amafunika chithandizo mwamsanga. Matendawa amatchedwa ADEM (Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis) .

Kodi ADEM (Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, ADEM ndi kutupa kwadzidzidzi kwa dongosolo lathu la mitsempha , kutanthauza ubongo ndi msana. Kuli ngati malungo a muubongo.

Tiyeni timvetse izi mosavuta. Ulusi wa mitsempha m'thupi lathu uli ngati mawaya amagetsi. Pali chophimba chapulasitiki chozungulira mawaya amagetsi, sichoncho? Ndicho chimene chimalola magetsi kuyenda molondola komanso mwachangu ndikuteteza waya. Mofananamo, pali chophimba choteteza, chophimba chotchedwa "myelin" chozungulira ulusi wathu wa mitsempha. Chigoba cha myelin ichi ndi chomwe chimalola mauthenga (zizindikiro) kuyenda mwachangu komanso molondola kudzera mu mitsempha kuchokera mbali imodzi ya thupi kupita ku ina.

Mu ADEM, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimalimbana molakwika ndi chigoba cha myelin ichi. Kenako chimayamba kuwonongeka ndikuwonongeka. Monga momwe pulasitiki yomwe ili pa waya wamagetsi imatulutsira. Kenako mauthenga amitsempha samayenda bwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zizindikiro monga dzanzi m'miyendo, kusawona bwino, komanso kuvutika kulankhula zimachitika.

Matendawa amatchedwa 'acute' chifukwa zizindikiro zake zimawonekera mwadzidzidzi, mkati mwa masiku ochepa. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka kamodzi kokha m'moyo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri sabwereranso.

Kodi zizindikiro za ADEM ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za ADEM zimatha kusiyana kwambiri, kutengera gawo la mitsempha lomwe lakhudzidwa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pafupifupi sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya (monga chimfine, chikuku, kapena nthenda ya nkhuku) atachepa.

Kuti timvetse bwino, tiyeni tigawane zinthuzi m'magawo awiri.

Kuopsa kwa zizindikirozi kumatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu. Kwa ena, zimatha kukhala zochepa kenako zimatha zokha, pomwe kwa ena, zimatha kukhala zovuta kwambiri moti zimafunika kugonekedwa kuchipatala.

N’chifukwa chiyani chinthu chonga ichi chimachitika?

Choyambitsa chenicheni cha ADEM sichikudziwika 100%, koma madokotala ndi asayansi amakhulupirira kuti chimachitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa chitetezo chamthupi chathu .

Tiyeni timvetse izi motere. Chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chili ngati gulu lankhondo la dziko lathu. Ntchito ya gulu lankhondo ili ndikuzindikira ndikuukira adani monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya omwe amachokera kunja, ndikutiteteza ku matenda. Koma chomwe chimachitika mu ADEM ndikuti gulu lankhondo ili limapanga cholakwika chaching'ono. Akamaliza kumenyana ndi mdani yemwe wabwera mdzikolo (mwachitsanzo, kachilombo ka chimfine), amayamba kuukira myelin sheath mu dongosolo lathu la mitsempha, akuganiza kuti ndi mdani. Zili ngati kuukira gulu lankhondo m'dziko lanu, kuganiza kuti ndi gulu lankhondo la adani. Izi zimatchedwa 'autoimmune reaction' . Kuukira kumeneku kumayambitsa kutupa ndi kutupa mu dongosolo la mitsempha.

Pakati pa 70% ndi 80% ya odwala a ADEM amakhala ndi matenda zizindikiro zisanayambe kuwonekera. Matenda ofala kwambiri omwe amayamba ADEM isanafike ndi awa:

• Fuluwenza (Flu)
• Chikuku
• Matumbo
• Rubella
• Nthomba
• Kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr

Chinanso chomwe chapezeka posachedwapa ndi chakuti ana ena akhoza kukhala ndi ADEM.N'zothekanso kuti vuto lotchedwa MOGAD (Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease) lingakhale chifukwa chake. Ili ndi vuto lina lokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.

Kodi ADEM imapezedwa bwanji?

Dokotala wanu adzakufunsani kaye funso latsatanetsatane lokhudza zizindikiro zanu ndikuchita kafukufuku wa mitsempha. Kenako adzayesa mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire kupezeka kwa ADEM ndikuchotsa matenda ena omwe angayambitse zizindikiro zofanana.

Mayeso akuluakulu omwe amachitika ndi awa:

1. Kujambula kwa MRI (Kujambula kwa Magnetic Resonance)

MRI ndi mayeso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamphamvu ya maginito ndi mafunde a wailesi kuti ajambule zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za ubongo wathu ndi msana. Sigwiritsa ntchito X-ray. Pa MRI scan ya munthu amene ali ndi ADEM, malo omwe ali ndi kuwonongeka kwa myelin sheath (zilonda) amatha kuwoneka bwino ngati madontho oyera. Dokotala adzayang'ana malo ndi mtundu wa madonthowa kuti adziwe ngati ndi ADEM.

2. Kuboola kwa Msana / Kuboola Msana

Dzinali likhoza kuopseza anthu ena, koma ndi mayeso osamala kwambiri omwe dokotala wanu adzachita. Limaphatikizapo kukutembenuzani cham'mbali ndikuyika singano yaying'ono kumbuyo kwanu kuti mutenge chitsanzo cha madzi omwe ali pafupi ndi ubongo wanu ndi msana wanu , otchedwa cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . Anthu omwe ali ndi ADEM ali ndi maselo ambiri a chitetezo chamthupi, makamaka maselo oyera amagazi. Izi zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri potsimikizira matendawa.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitikanso.

Kodi mankhwala a ADEM ndi ati?

Cholinga chachikulu chochiza ADEM ndikuchepetsa kutupa muubongo ndi msana mwachangu ndikuletsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chisagwire ntchito bwino. Dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito njira zingapo kuti akwaniritse izi.

Kodi zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire? Kodi chiyembekezo chili bwanji?

Funso lalikulu kwambiri lomwe aliyense ali nalo ndi ili. Nkhani yabwino kwambiri yokhudza ADEM ndi yakuti anthu ambiri omwe apezeka ndi matendawa amachira mokwanira kapena pafupifupi mokwanira .

Anthu ambiri amayamba kumva bwino patangopita masiku ochepa kuchokera pamene anayamba kulandira chithandizo. Komabe, kutengera kuopsa kwa zizindikiro, zingatenge miyezi ingapo, nthawi zina mpaka miyezi 6, kuti achire mokwanira. Nthawi zambiri, anthu ena angapitirize kukhala ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono a maso kapena dzanzi.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati inu kapena wina m'banja mwanu, makamaka mwana, akupeza zizindikiro zomwe takambirana atachira matenda monga chimfine kapena fuluwenza, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

• Kutaya mwadzidzidzi chidziwitso
• Kulephera kuyenda kapena kupunthwa
• Kusawona bwino kapena kutayika kwa masomphenya
• Kuvuta kulankhula
• Kugwa popanda chifukwa

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, musamangokhala panyumba n’kumaganiza kuti ndi zachilendo. Chinthu chabwino kuchita ndikupita kuchipatala, makamaka ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU), mwamsanga. Chifukwa m’matenda amtunduwu, chithandizo chikayamba msanga, m’pamenenso mwayi wochira umakhala wabwino.