Monga mukudziwira, pali tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhalamo mamiliyoni ambiri, kutanthauza kuti, mumlengalenga, m'nthaka, ndi m'zomera. Zina mwa izi ndi bowa. Aspergillus fumigatus yomwe tikambirane lero ndi imodzi mwa bowa wotere yomwe imapezeka kwambiri m'chilengedwe chathu. Kwa munthu wathanzi wokhala ndi chitetezo chabwino chamthupi, bowa uwu nthawi zambiri suvulaza ngakhale utalowa m'thupi. Chitetezo cha thupi lathu chimaulamulira. Komabe, ngati chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu chafooka chifukwa cha matenda enaake kapena mankhwala, bowa uwu ukhoza kuyambitsa matenda oopsa.
N’chifukwa chiyani bowa uwu ndi woopsa kwa anthu ena okha?
Mwachidule, bowa uyu ndi wofuna mwayi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, sangachite chilichonse bola chitetezo cha thupi lathu, kapena chitetezo cha mthupi, chili champhamvu. Komabe, chitetezochi chikangofooka, chimadzuka mutu wake ndikuyamba kuyambitsa mavuto.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe chitetezo chamthupi chimatha kufooka?
- Kufooka kwa thupi chifukwa cha zifukwa monga matenda aakulu, kusowa zakudya m'thupi, kapena ukalamba.
- Kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi chifukwa cha matenda ena (monga Edzi) kapena mankhwala (monga mankhwala a khansa, mankhwala operekedwa pambuyo poika ziwalo zina).
- Kuyika zipangizo zopangira.
- Matenda monga neutropenia ya nthawi yayitali.
Ngati munthu amene ali pachiwopsezo chotere atenga kachilombo ka bowa uyu, akhoza kupha munthu.
Momwe matenda a bowa (Aspergillosis) amakulira komanso zizindikiro zake
Ma spores a bowa awa amalowa m'thupi ndi mpweya womwe timapuma. Choyamba amafika pamphuno, pakhosi, m'mapapo, ndi m'mapapo. Maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi a munthu wathanzi salola kuti akule. Koma m'thupi la munthu amene ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, ma spores amenewa amamera, amakula n'kukhala fungus hyphae, ndipo amayamba kulowa m'thupi, kuyambitsa magazi kuundana (thrombosis), komanso kuyambitsa ziwengo.
Pali matenda angapo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matendawa. Zizindikiro zimadalira chiwalo chomwe chagwidwa ndi matendawa komanso chitetezo cha mthupi lanu.
| Matenda | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Matenda a Aspergillosis Osatha a M'mapapo (CPA) | Pankhaniyi, bowa limakula pang'onopang'ono mkati mwa mapapo. Zizindikiro sizingawonekere kwa miyezi ingapo, nthawi zina ngakhale zaka. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi chifuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepa thupi, kutopa, komanso kupuma movutikira kungachitike. Chofunika kwambiri, ngati bowa uyu wawononga mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapo, kutsokomola magazi (hemoptysis) kungachitike. Ichi ndi chizindikiro choopsa kwambiri. Ngati izi zitachitika, muyenera kupita kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala chadzidzidzi (ETU) nthawi yomweyo. |
| Aspergillosis Yofala | Uwu ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso omwe angawopseze moyo. Amachitikira anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kwambiri. Bowawu umatha kukula mofulumira kwambiri ndikufalikira ku mapapo, m'mphuno, m'makutu, pakhungu, m'maso, komanso ngakhale muubongo. |
| Aspergilloma | Izi zili ngati "bowa" lomwe limapangika mkati mwa dzenje la mapapo. Nthawi zambiri palibe zizindikiro. Komabe, ngati bowa ili litakula ndikuwononga mtsempha wamagazi, mutha kutsokomola magazi. |
| Bowa Sinusitis | Zimachitika pamene mphutsi za bowa zimalowa ndikukula m'maenje a sinus. Zizindikiro zake ndi monga kutsekeka kwa mphuno, kuvutika kupuma, kupweteka pankhope, mutu, ndi ntchofu yokhuthala, yobiriwira, kapena yakuda. |
Chofunika: Bowa uwu nthawi zambiri sumayambitsa mavuto kwa munthu wathanzi. Palibe chifukwa chochita mantha. Izi ndi za chidziwitso chokha. Ngati mukukayikira za zizindikiro zilizonse, funsani dokotala wanu.
Kutupa kwa bowa
Nthawi zina bowa uwu ungayambitse ziwengo m'malo mwa matenda opatsirana. Izi nthawi zambiri sizimayambitsa imfa, koma zimayambitsa matenda.
Chofala kwambiri mwa izi ndi Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) . Izi zimachitika kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo omwe analipo kale. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga mphumu, cystic fibrosis, kapena bronchiectasis ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Apa ndi pamene thupi limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi fungi zomwe zimalowa kudzera mu kupuma. Izi zimayambitsa zizindikiro zofanana ndi mphumu, monga kupuma movutikira, kukhosomola, komanso kupuma movutikira.
Dokotala wanu adzakulamulani kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi ABPA.
- Mayeso oyesa kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi otchedwa eosinophils m'magazi.
- Kuyezetsa khungu kwa Aspergillus antigen.
- Kuyesa kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies a Aspergillus ndi IgE m'magazi.
- X-ray ya pachifuwa.
Kodi njira zochiritsira ndi ziti?
Kuchiza matenda a bowa awa n'kovuta pang'ono. Zimafunika upangiri wa dokotala. Musayese kuchiza nokha.
- Mankhwala oletsa bowa: Kutengera mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala monga amphotericin B ndi voriconazole. Mankhwalawa angafunike kumwedwa kwa milungu ingapo kapena kuposerapo.
- Opaleshoni: Matumbo akuluakulu a bowa (aspergillomas) omwe amapangika m'mapapo sachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala okha. Amafunika kuchotsedwa opaleshoni. Komanso, ngati matenda a bowa a sinusitis, kungakhale kofunikira kuyeretsa m'mabowo a sinus ndi kulola madzi kutuluka.
- Chithandizo cha ziwengo: Ngati muli ndi vuto la ziwengo monga ABPA, chithandizo chachikulu ndikupereka ma steroids (monga prednisolone). Izi zimawongolera momwe thupi limayankhira mopitirira muyeso. Nthawi zina mankhwala opha ma fungi amaperekedwanso kuti achepetse mlingo wa ma steroids ndikuchepetsa zotsatirapo zake.
Kukana mankhwala
Mwatsoka, nthawi zina bowa uwu umakhala wosagonja ku mankhwala opha majeremusi omwe timagwiritsa ntchito, makamaka azoles. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chithandizo chikhale chovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kumwa mankhwalawo monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera, komanso nthawi yoyenera.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Aspergillus fumigatus ndi bowa wofala kwambiri m'chilengedwe chathu. Nthawi zambiri savulaza anthu athanzi.
- Bowa uwu ukhoza kuyambitsa matenda oopsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka (monga odwala khansa, olandira ziwalo zina, odwala matenda a Edzi).
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga chifuwa chosatha, kupuma movutikira, kuchepa thupi, kutopa, komanso makamaka kutsokomola magazi, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Njira yochiritsira imatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa matenda ndi thanzi lanu. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kufunsa upangiri wa dokotala.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo monga mphumu akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la bowa uwu, choncho uzani dokotala wanu ngati zizindikiro zanu zikukulirakulira.
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