Tiyeni tiphunzire za kuyika maselo a stem cell mu njira yosavuta.

Mwina dokotala walankhula ndi wachibale kapena mnzanu za 'kuika maselo oyambira'. Kapena mwina mwalangizidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira imeneyi pochiza matenda monga khansa ya m'magazi. Ndizachilendo kumva mantha pang'ono komanso mantha mukamva dzinali. Koma iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yochiritsira yomwe ingapulumutse miyoyo yambiri. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane momveka bwino za 'Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant' iyi, momwe imachitikira, komanso zoopsa zake.

Mwachidule, kodi kusintha kwa maselo oyambira a allogeneic ndi chiyani?

Izi n'zosavuta kumva. Kuika maselo oyamba a allogeneic kumachitika pamene maselo oyamba omwe ali ndi matenda amachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi maselo oyamba ochokera kwa wopereka wathanzi komanso woyenera. Maselo oyamba awa ndi mtundu wapadera wa maselo omwe amapezeka mu fupa lathu lomwe limatha kukhala mtundu uliwonse wa maselo amagazi (maselo ofiira amagazi, maselo oyera amagazi, ma platelet).

Maselo athanzi amenewa akalowa m'thupi mwanu, amapita ku mafupa anu ndikuyamba kupanga maselo atsopano athanzi m'magazi. Uwu ndi mankhwala amphamvu omwe amatha kuchiritsa matenda ena akuluakulu. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ngati njira zina zochiritsira zalephera kapena ngati matendawa abwereranso.

Kodi mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda otani?

Kusamutsa maselo oyambira a allogeneic kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa matenda okhudzana ndi magazi ndi chitetezo chamthupi.

Kodi mumakonzekera bwanji musanalandire chithandizo?

Popeza uwu ndi chithandizo chachikulu, madokotala adzayesa mayeso angapo kuti aone ngati muli ndi thanzi labwino musanachite opaleshoniyi kuti atsimikizire kuti mungathe kupirira zotsatirapo za chithandizocho.

Mayeso akuluakulu omwe amachitika

Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzachita mayeso angapo, monga:

• Kuwerengera Magazi Konse (CBC): Kumayesa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi anu, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet.
• Echocardiogram: Onani momwe mtima ukugwira ntchito.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG): Imayang'ana kayendedwe ka ntchito ya mtima.
• Mayeso a ntchito ya chiwindi ndi impso.
• Kufufuza za Mafupa: Ngati muli ndi khansa, amatengedwa pang'ono ndi kuyezetsa mafupa anu. Izi zimathandiza kuwona kusintha kwa matendawa komanso chiopsezo choti matendawa abwererenso mutalandira chithandizo.

Kukonzekera musanasamutse chomera

Mukamaliza mayesowa, mudzalowa m'chipatala ndikupatsidwa chithandizo chotchedwa 'conditioning'. Izi zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu a chemotherapy ndi/kapena chithandizo cha radiation cha thupi lonse . Izi zili ndi zolinga zitatu:

1. Kuwononga maselo onse a khansa otsala m'thupi lanu.

2. Kupatsa malo m'mafupa anu kuti maselo atsopano azitha kukula.

3. Kufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya thupi lanu yolimbana ndi (kukana) maselo atsopano.

Njira yochiritsira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imatenga sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukaika maselo oyambira?

Izi sizikupweteka kwenikweni. Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzayika chubu chaching'ono chotchedwa central venous catheter (CVC) mu mtsempha waukulu womwe uli pachifuwa chanu chapamwamba. Maselo atsopano oyambira adzaperekedwa ku thupi lanu kudzera mu chubu ichi.

Izi zimatenga mphindi 30 mpaka 60. Panthawiyi, gulu lachipatala lidzakhala pafupi nanu ndikuyang'anira zizindikiro zanu zofunika pa moyo. Adzayang'aniranso mosamala zotsatirapo zilizonse. Zotsatirapo zake sizimachitika kawirikawiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono. Mwachitsanzo, mungamve kunjenjemera pang'ono, kuvutika kupuma, kapena kutentha thupi.

Kodi vuto lalikulu la chithandizochi ndi chiyani?

Vuto lalikulu komanso lalikulu kwambiri la kusamutsa ziwalo za m'mimba ndi matenda a graft-versus-host (GVHD) .

Mwachidule, apa ndi pamene maselo atsopano athanzi a chitetezo chamthupi ochokera kwa wopereka (chomera) amayamba kuukira maselo ndi minofu yathanzi m'thupi lanu (wolandirayo). Zili ngati gulu latsopano lankhondo lomwe likuukira anthu m'dziko lanu. Matendawa angakhudze khungu, chiwindi, ndi kugaya chakudya. Koma simuyenera kuda nkhawa, madokotala angakupatseni mankhwala ofunikira kuti muchepetse ndikuchiza matendawa.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani munthu akalandira chithandizo? Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti achire?

Mukatha kuikidwa m'thupi, muyenera kukhala m'chipatala kwa milungu ingapo. Panthawi imeneyo, gulu lachipatala lidzakusamalirani bwino. Mudzapitiriza kulandira mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi kuti thupi lanu lisakane maselo atsopano omwe aikidwa m'thupi. Mungafunikenso kuikidwa magazi mpaka maselo atsopanowo atatha kupanga maselo atsopano a magazi.

Njira imene maselo atsopano amalowera mu fupa la mafupa ndikuyamba kupanga maselo atsopano a magazi imatchedwa 'engraftment' . Izi zingatenge masiku 10 mpaka 14. Komabe, zingatenge miyezi ingapo mpaka chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chanu chibwererenso bwino. Panthawiyi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziteteza ku matenda.

Zingatenge zaka ziwiri kapena kuposerapo kuti munthu achire bwino, choncho ulendowu umafuna kuleza mtima ndi kutsatira malangizo a dokotala.

Kodi ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zimafuna kuti mukaonane ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo?

Mukapita kunyumba mutalandira chithandizo, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa thupi lanu. Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, imbani gulu lanu lachipatala nthawi yomweyo .

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa kusintha kwa allogeneic ndi autologous ndi kotani?

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi ndi komwe kumachokera maselo oyambira.

Kuika maselo a allogeneic kungachiritse matenda ena omwe amapha anthu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatheka chifukwa cha kukoma mtima kwa alendo. Awa ndi anthu omwe amapereka maselo oyambira. Nthawi zina opereka maselowo ndi achibale awo. Pali zoopsa zomwe zimachitika polandira maselo operekedwa. Tengani nthawi kuti mumvetse ubwino ndi zoopsa za njirayi. Dokotala wanu angakuthandizeni kuyeza zoopsa ndi zabwino zake kuti mukhale otsimikiza mu chisankho chanu.